セルラーおよびLPWA IoTデバイスのエコシステム　第7版

出版：Berg Insight（ベルグインサイト社）　出版年月：2023年6月

Cellular and LPWA IoT Device Ecosystems -7th Edition
セルラーおよびLPWA IoTデバイスのエコシステム　第7版

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Berg Insight（ベルグインサイト）「セルラーおよびLPWA IoTデバイスのエコシステム　第7版 – Cellular and LPWA IoT Device Ecosystems -7th Edition」はIoT（モノのインターネット）の主要広域ネットワーキングの主要技術である2G/3G/4G/5G セルラー、LoRa、Sigfox、802.15.4ベースのプロトコル、そして新規LPWA技術のWirepas Mesh、DECT-2020 NR、Miotyなど、幅広い技術を対象に分析・解説しています。また5年市場予測も提供しています。

主な掲載内容

1. モノのインターネット（IoT）向け広域ネットワーク
2. 3GPPのエコシステム
   1. 技術的特性
   2. 半導体ベンダー
   3. モジュールベンダー
3. LoRaとLoRaWANのエコシステム
   1. 技術的特性
   2. 到達範囲
      1. 欧州
      2. アジア太平洋地域
      3. 南北アメリカ
      4. 中東＆アフリカ
   3. 半導体＆モジュールベンダー
4. Sigfoxのエコシステム
   1. 技術的特性
   2. 到達範囲
      1. 欧州
      2. 南北アメリカ
      3. アジア太平洋地域
      4. 中東＆アフリカ
   3. 半導体＆モジュールベンダー
5. LPWAの新たなエコシステム
   1. IEEE 802.15.4
   2. Wirepas Mesh
   3. DECT-2020 NR（NR+）
   4. Mioty
   5. チップセットおよびモジュールベンダー
6. 垂直市場セグメント
   1. 電動車両
   2. エネルギー＆インフラ
   3. 産業＆輸送
   4. 医療
   5. その他
7. 市場予測と動向
   1. 市場サマリー
   2. 3GPP
      1. 欧州
      2. 北米
      3. ラテンアメリカ
      4. 中国
      5. その他のアジア太平洋地域
      6. 中東＆アフリカ
   3. LoRA
   4. Sigfox
   5. 新しいLPWA技術

Report Overview

Cellular and LPWA IoT Device Ecosystems gives a comprehensive overview of the main wide area networking technologies for the Internet of Things – 2G/3G/4G/5G cellular, LoRa, Sigfox as well as a group of emerging LPWA technologies including 802.15.4-based protocols, Wirepas Mesh, DECT-2020 NR and Mioty. This strategic research report from Berg Insight provides you with 120 pages of unique business intelligence including 5-year industry forecasts and expert commentary on which to base your business decisions.

The Internet of Things is weaving a new worldwide web of interconnected objects. As of Q1-2023, about 3.1 billion devices were connected to wide area networks based on cellular or LPWA technologies. The market is highly diverse and divided into multiple ecosystems. Berg Insight forecasts that annual shipments of cellular and non-3GPP LPWA IoT modules will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.3 percent from 514 million units in 2022 to 1.1 billion units in 2027. Get up to date with the latest trends from all main regions and vertical markets with this unique 120-page report.

Highlights from the report:

• 360-degree overview of the main IoT wide area networking ecosystems.
• Comparison of technologies and standards.
• Updated profiles of the main suppliers of IoT chipsets and modules.
• Cellular IoT module market data for 2022.
• Adoption trends for LPWA technologies including NB-IoT, LTE-M, LoRa and Sigfox.
• Cellular and non-3GPP LPWA IoT device market forecasts until 2027.

Cellular IoT module shipments reached 427 million in 2022

The Internet of Things is continuously evolving and expanding into new domains. By the end of 2022, approximately 3.1 billion devices were connected to wide area networks based on cellular or LPWA technologies. The market is highly diverse and divided into multiple ecosystems. This report will focus on the most prominent technology ecosystems for wide area IoT networking – the 3GPP ecosystem of cellular technologies and the LPWA technologies LoRa and Sigfox – as well as a group of emerging LPWA technologies including 802.15.4-based protocols, Wirepas Mesh, DECT-2020 NR and Mioty.

The 3GPP family of cellular technologies support the largest ecosystem in wide area IoT networking. Berg Insight estimates that the global number of cellular IoT subscribers amounted to 2.7 billion at the end of 2022 – corresponding to 24 percent of all mobile subscribers. Yearly shipments of cellular IoT modules amounted to 427 million units in 2022, flat from the previous year. Annual cellular IoT module revenues grew by 12 percent to reach US$ 5.9 billion.

4G LTE technologies dominate the cellular IoT technology landscape as 5G is in the early stage of its adoption cycle and 2G and 3G networks are being sunsetted. The migration from 2G to 4G LTE began in North America with 3G as an intermediate technology. Since 2017–2018, the region has seen a rapid uptake of LTE Cat-1 and LTE-M, which are now becoming the main options for new device designs for IoT application areas with low- to mid-speed requirements in most other regions. China is the main exception, where mobile operators are opting for NB-IoT and LTE Cat-1 as the main alternatives in the migration from 2G services. At the high end, higher categories of LTE remain the main alternative for high-speed IoT devices, but will over time be replaced by 5G as network coverage and pricing improves. Following the commercial availability of 5G modules supporting eMBB use cases in mid-2020, 5G IoT devices are still mainly limited to routers and gateways, CPEs and cars, primarily from Chinese OEMs. Front-running western automotive OEMs will bring 5G to a wider range of models starting in 2024. The first modules supporting the reduced capability (RedCap) specification were introduced in early 2023 and will in time enable a broader set of 5G IoT use cases. Berg Insight believes that uptake of the technology will be limited in the short-term due to the price gap to 4G LTE Cat-4/6 modules, but also the requirement for 5G SA network coverage.

LoRa is gaining momentum as a global connectivity platform for IoT devices. According to Semtech, the installed base of LoRa end nodes reached 300 million at the beginning of 2023. Major volume application segments are smart gas and water metering, where LoRa’s low power consumption matches the requirements for long-life battery operation. LoRa is also gaining traction for metropolitan and local area IoT deployments for networking smart sensors and tracking devices in cities, industrial plants and commercial buildings. Smart home is expected to become a major application area in the coming years, driven by Amazon’s Sidewalk network in the US. Semtech generated US$ 187 million in annual revenues from the sales of LoRa chipsets in its financial year ending in January 2023. Berg Insight estimates that yearly shipments of LoRa devices reached 60 million units in calendar year 2022. Until 2027, yearly shipments are forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 22.4 percent to reach 165 million units. Leveraging the acquired cellular assets of Sierra Wireless, Semtech aims to introduce multi-radio IoT solutions across the device, gateway and cloud layers to increase the flexibility of LoRa-based solutions.

The Singapore-based Sigfox operator UnaBiz took over as the new owner of Sigfox in April 2022, setting a new direction for the Sigfox technology and operating model for the business. At the end of 2022, the installed base of Sigfox devices amounted to 11.4 million, up 16 percent from the previous year. Berg Insight believes that the critical test for Sigfox will be how the technology is received in the asset tracking segment. In addition, sensor solutions in different industries is one of the most promising application areas for the technology. Berg Insight forecasts that shipments of Sigfox devices will grow at a CAGR of 27.6 percent from 1.9 million units in 2022 to 6.4 million units by 2027.

Emerging LPWA device ecosystems such as IEEE 802.15.4, Wirepas Mesh, Mioty and DECT-2020 NR have the potential to growth into significant IoT networking platforms in the coming years. So far, IEEE 802.15.4 has achieved the most widespread adoption. The technology is the most mature in the group and has gained support from several of the leading smart metering vendors. Wirepas Mesh counts an installed base in the millions and has been used in a number of large-scale projects. Mioty and DECT-2020 NR represent two even more nascent technologies – the former is yet mainly deployed in pilot projects while the latter is expecting its first deployments of devices during 2023.

目次

Table of Contents …………………………… i

List of Figures …………………………….. iv
Executive Summary………………………….. 1

1 Wide Area Networks for the Internet of Things ……………… 5

1.1 Which things will be connected to wide area networks? ………….. 5
1.1.1 Utility meters ……………………… 6
1.1.2 Motor vehicles ……………………… 6
1.1.3 Buildings ………………………… 7
1.1.4 Low value assets – Industry 4.0 and consumer products ………… 7
1.1.5 The opportunity to create smarter and safer cities………….. 8
1.2 What are the technology options? …………………. 9
1.2.1 Network deployment models …………………. 9
1.2.2 Unlicensed and licensed frequency bands …………….. 10
1.2.3 Cost comparison for cellular and LPWA technologies ………… 13
1.3 Which are the leading technology ecosystems? ……………. 13

2 3GPP Ecosystem ………………………….. 15

2.1 Technology characteristics ……………………. 15
2.1.1 3GPP Release 13 – Introducing LTE-M and NB-IoT …………. 17
2.1.2 3GPP Release 14 – IoT enhancements and C-V2X ………….. 17
2.1.3 3GPP Release 15 – The first phase of 5G specifications ……….. 18
2.1.4 3GPP Release 16 – URLLC enhancements, IIoT features and 5G NR C-V2X…. 18
2.1.5 3GPP Release 17 – RedCap and non-terrestrial network communications…. 19
2.1.6 Network footprint ……………………… 19
2.1.7 2G/3G mobile networks …………………….. 20
2.1.8 4G mobile networks …………………….. 20
2.1.9 4G/5G mobile IoT networks (LTE-M and NB-IoT) …………. 21
2.1.10 5G mobile networks …………………….. 21
2.2 Semiconductor vendors …………………….. 22
2.2.1 ASR Microelectronics …………………….. 25
2.2.2 Eigencomm ……………………….. 26
2.2.3 Intel ………………………… 27
2.2.4 MediaTek ………………………… 27
2.2.5 MLINK ………………………….. 28
2.2.6 Qualcomm ………………………. 29
2.2.7 Samsung Electronics …………………… 32
2.2.8 Sequans Communications ………………… 33
2.2.9 Sony ………………………….. 35
2.2.10 UNISOC ………………………….. 35
2.2.11 Xinyi Information Technology ………………….. 36
2.2.12 Other semiconductor vendors …………………. 37
2.3 Module vendors ……………………… 39
2.3.1 China Mobile IoT………………………. 40
2.3.2 Fibocom ………………………….. 41
2.3.3 Gosuncn WeLink ……………………… 43
2.3.4 MeiG Smart Technology ……………………. 45
2.3.5 Murata ………………………….. 46
2.3.6 Neoway ………………………… 46
2.3.7 Nordic Semiconductor …………………… 48
2.3.8 Quectel ………………………… 50
2.3.9 Rolling Wireless (Fibocom) ………………….. 52
2.3.10 Sierra Wireless (Semtech) …………………. 52
2.3.11 Sunsea AIoT (SIMCom & Longsung) ……………….. 55
2.3.12 Telit Cinterion ……………………… 57
2.3.13 u-blox ………………………… 60
2.3.14 Other cellular IoT module vendors ……………… 62

3 LoRa and LoRaWAN Ecosystem …………………….. 68

3.1 Technology characteristics ……………………. 68
3.2 Network footprint ………………………. 69
3.2.1 Europe …………………………. 70
3.2.2 Asia-Pacific ……………………… 71
3.2.3 The Americas ……………………… 73
3.2.4 Middle East & Africa ……………………. 75
3.3 Semiconductor and module vendors ………………… 75
3.3.1 Semtech ………………………….. 75
3.3.2 Other semiconductor vendors …………………. 78
3.3.3 LoRa module vendors ……………………. 79

4 Sigfox Ecosystem …………………………. 83

4.1 Technology characteristics ……………………. 83
4.2 Network footprint ………………………. 85
4.2.1 Europe …………………………. 85
4.2.2 The Americas ……………………… 86
4.2.3 Asia-Pacific ……………………… 87
4.2.4 Middle East & Africa ……………………. 88
4.2.5 UnaBiz partners with the LoRaWAN ecosystem …………… 89
4.2.6 Examples of major Sigfox use cases ……………….. 89
4.3 Semiconductor and module vendors ………………… 89
4.3.1 Semiconductor vendors ……………………. 90
4.3.2 Sigfox module vendors …………………… 90

5 Emerging LPWA Ecosystems ……………………. 95

5.1 IEEE 802.15.4 ………………………… 95
5.1.1 Connectivity stacks based on 802.15.4 ……………….. 96
5.1.2 Network footprint ……………………… 97
5.2 Wirepas Mesh ………………………… 98
5.3 DECT-2020 NR (NR+) …………………….. 99
5.4 Mioty …………………………… 100
5.5 Chipset and module vendors …………………. 102

6 Market Forecasts and Trends …………………….. 104

6.1 Market summary ……………………… 104
6.2 3GPP family …………………………. 105
6.2.1 Europe ………………………….. 108
6.2.2 North America ……………………… 110
6.2.3 Latin America ………………………. 111
6.2.4 China …………………………. 113
6.2.5 Rest of Asia-Pacific ……………………. 114
6.2.6 Middle East & Africa …………………….. 117
6.3 LoRa ……………………………. 117
6.4 Sigfox ………………………….. 120
6.5 Emerging LPWA technologies ………………… 120

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations …………………….. 123

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Top wide area IoT target segments (2022) ……………….. 5
Figure 1.2: Building stock by category (EU27+3/US 2022) …………… 7
Figure 1.3: Unlicensed and reserved radio frequencies available for wireless IoT …….. 11
Figure 1.4: Cost comparison for wireless modules (2023) …………… 12
Figure 2.1: Comparison of LTE-M and NB-IoT specifications ……………. 16
Figure 2.2: Technology positioning of RedCap in relation to eMBB, URLLC and mMTC …. 19
Figure 2.3: The number of LTE-M and NB-IoT networks (World 2018–2022) ………. 21
Figure 2.4: IoT solution design options…………………… 22
Figure 2.5: Cost comparison between module and chipset designs ………….. 23
Figure 2.6: Routes to market for cellular IoT chipsets ………………. 23
Figure 2.7: Cellular IoT chipset vendor volume market shares (World 2022) ………. 24
Figure 2.8: Business activities of key cellular chipset providers (Q1-2023) ………. 25
Figure 2.9: MLINK’s product portfolio roadmap ………………. 28
Figure 2.10: Qualcomm’s IoT modem chipsets (Q1-2023) …………….. 30
Figure 2.11: QCT revenues by segment (2019–2022) ………………. 31
Figure 2.12: Samsung’s latest automotive chip solutions ……………. 32
Figure 2.13: Sequans’ revenues by product segment (2019–2022) ………… 33
Figure 2.14: Top cellular IoT module vendors, by revenues and shipments (World 2022) …. 39
Figure 2.15: Fibocom’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) ………… 42
Figure 2.16: Gosuncn WeLink’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) ………. 44
Figure 2.17: MeiG’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) ………….. 45
Figure 2.18: Neoway’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) …………. 47
Figure 2.19: Regulatory certifications overview for nRF9160…………… 49
Figure 2.20: Quectel’s cellular IoT module series (Q2-2023) …………….. 51
Figure 2.21: Sierra Wireless’ device-to-cloud offering ………………. 53
Figure 2.22: Sierra Wireless’ embedded cellular modules (Q2-2023) …………. 54
Figure 2.23: SIMCom’s and Longsung’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) …… 56
Figure 2.24: Telit Cinterion’s embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) ………. 58
Figure 2.25: u-blox’ embedded cellular IoT modules (Q2-2023) ………… 61
Figure 2.26: u-blox Thingstream platform overview ……………….. 61
Figure 3.1: LoRaWAN network architecture ………………….. 69
Figure 3.2: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Europe (Q2-2023) ……….. 70
Figure 3.3: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Asia-Pacific (Q2-2023) ……….. 72
Figure 3.4: Public LoRaWAN network operators in the Americas (Q2-2023) ……….. 73
Figure 3.5: Amazon Sidewalk network coverage ……………… 74
Figure 3.6: Total onboarded Helium LoRaWAN gateways …………… 74
Figure 3.7: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Middle East & Africa (Q2-2023) …… 75
Figure 3.8: Semtech’s LoRa business KPIs (FY-2020–FY-2023) ………… 77
Figure 3.9: LoRa module vendors (Q2-2023) ………………….. 79
Figure 4.1: Sigfox network architecture ………………….. 84
Figure 4.2: Sigfox network partners in Europe (Q2-2023) ……………. 86
Figure 4.3: Sigfox networks in the Americas (Q2-2023) ……………. 87
Figure 4.4: Sigfox networks in Asia-Pacific and MEA (Q2-2023) ………… 88
Figure 4.5: List of Sigfox module vendors by supported regions (Q2-2023) ……….. 91
Figure 5.1: Major 802.15.4 networking platforms for smart metering (Q1-2023) …….. 97
Figure 5.2: Members of the Mioty Alliance ………………….. 101
Figure 6.1: Cellular/LPWA IoT device shipment forecast, by region (World 2021–2027) … 104
Figure 6.2: Cellular/LPWA IoT device shipment forecast, by technology (2021–2027) ….. 105
Figure 6.3: Cellular IoT module shipments, by region (World 2021–2027) ……… 106
Figure 6.4: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (World 2021–2027) ……….. 107
Figure 6.5: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (Europe 2021–2027) ……… 109
Figure 6.6: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (North America 2021–2027) …… 111
Figure 6.7: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (Latin America 2021–2027) …….. 112
Figure 6.8: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (China 2021–2027) ……….. 114
Figure 6.9: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (Rest of Asia-Pacific 2021–2027) ….. 115
Figure 6.10: Cellular IoT module shipment forecast (Middle East & Africa 2021–2027) …. 116
Figure 6.11: LoRa device shipments forecast (World 2021–2027) …………. 118
Figure 6.12: Sigfox device shipments forecast (World 2021–2027) ………….. 119
Figure 6.13: 802.15.4 WAN device shipments forecast (World 2021–2027) ………. 121