スマートシティ　第3版

出版：Berg Insight（ベルグインサイト社）　出版年月：2024年4月

Smart Cities: Connected Public Spaces – 3rd Edition

スマートシティ：コネクテッドパブリックスペース　第3版

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Berg Insight（ベルグインサイト）「スマートシティ：コネクテッドパブリックスペース　第3版- Smart Cities: Connected Public Spaces – 3rd Edition」は世界のスマート街灯、スマートパーキング、スマートごみ収集、大気質監視、スマートシティ監視など、世界のスマートシティ市場の最新動向を分析しています。また5年予測も行っています。

主な掲載内容

• 概説
• スマート街灯
• スマートパーキング
• スマートごみ収集
• 都市部の大気質監視
• スマートシティ監視

Report Description

Smart Cities: Connected Public Spaces is the third strategy report from Berg Insight analysing the latest developments on the global smart street lighting, smart parking, smart waste collection, air quality monitoring and smart city surveillance markets. This strategic research report from Berg Insight provides you with 260 pages of unique business intelligence, including 5-year industry forecasts and expert commentary on which to base your business decisions.

This study investigates major application areas for connected public spaces including smart street lighting, smart parking, smart waste collection, air quality monitoring and smart city surveillance. By the end of 2023, the global installed base of individually controlled smart street lights amounted to 23.4 million units (excluding China). There were at the same time 1.3 million smart ground parking sensors installed worldwide (excluding China). The market for smart waste sensor technology is yet at an early stage, comprising some 1.3 million connected collection points globally (excluding China). The smart city surveillance equipment market was worth € 12.5 billion in 2023. The global installed base of air quality monitoring systems amounted to 154,000 units in 2023. Get up to date with the latest information about vendors, products and markets.

Highlights from the report

• Insights from 70 new executive interviews with market leading companies.
• 360-degree overview of the smart cities ecosystem.
• In-depth analysis of smart street lighting, parking, waste collection, air quality monitoring and city surveillance.
• New detailed profiles of 117 solution vendors.
• Summary of industry trends in each market segment.
• Market forecasts by region and technology lasting until 2028.

The smart cities market continues to gain momentum

The public spaces of a city – such as streets, squares and transportation hubs – have become more and more crowded and congested by traffic. Meanwhile, safety concerns are also heightened as the risk for criminal activities, traffic accidents and even terrorist attacks grows larger. Improvements in the management of the public spaces of cities therefore become important to ensure that growing challenges of energy consumption, environmental degradation and public safety are addressed in the best possible way. The advancement of IoT technologies has opened up entirely new possibilities for cities to efficiently manage assets, resources and services across multiple city verticals, and effectively given rise to the concept of smart cities. Five smart city verticals have emerged as particularly important for the management of public spaces – smart street lighting, smart parking, smart waste management, urban air quality monitoring and smart city surveillance.

Smart street lighting solutions enable remote monitoring, control and management of street lighting networks. By the end of 2023, the global installed base of individually controlled smart street lights amounted to 23.4 million units (excluding China). Growing at a CAGR of 21.9 percent, the number is expected to reach 63.0 million in 2028. Europe is the leading adopter, accounting for more than 40 percent of the installed base. North America was the second largest market while the Rest of World region currently constitutes the fastest growing market. At the end of 2023, the leading smart street lighting vendor was Dutch Signify with an installed base of 5.3 million lighting controls. Included in the top three are also US-based Itron and British Lucy Group with its brands Flashnet and Lucy Zodion.

Smart parking solutions based on connected parking occupancy detection sensors offer the possibility to provide real-time visibility of parking availability anywhere in a city. The dominant sensor types for such applications are in-ground and surface-mount sensors, collectively referred to as ground parking sensors. In 2023, there were 1.3 million smart ground parking sensors installed globally (excluding China). The number will grow to 3.2 million units by 2028. Europe accounted for around 49 percent of the installed sensors while the North American and Rest of World regions represented around 259,000 and 410,000 devices respectively. At the end of 2023, the leading vendors in the market were Frogparking, CivicSmart and Urbiotica.

The primary hardware needed for smart waste management applications is smart waste sensors that measure fill-levels in waste bins and containers throughout a city. These sensors may either be pre-integrated into bins and containers, for example as a smart bin offering, or retrofitted on existing collection points. The installed base of smart waste sensors reached 1.25 million units globally in 2023 (excluding China). The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 22.8 percent to reach 3.50 million units in 2028. Europe constitutes the leading market, accounting for around 45 percent of the global installed base. At the end of 2023, the leading vendors of smart waste sensor technology were the US-based, RoadRunner, Waste Harmonics and BigBelly as well as Norwegian REEN.

Traditional air quality monitoring systems have been around for decades to enable regulatory monitoring operations and typically consist of highly advanced and expensive stations deployed only at one or a few locations in major cities. The last decade has however seen a growing adoption of increasingly cheap and small non-regulatory and networked air quality monitoring devices that can serve as useful complements to traditional regulatory monitoring networks. The global installed base of such devices amounted to 154,000 units in 2023 and the figure is expected to grow at a CAGR of 26.4 percent in the next five years. The market is still in a nascent stage. Europe, North America and China lead the adoption. Leading vendors include companies such as Aclima, Aeroqual, Airly, Breeze Technologies, Clarity Movement, Ecomesure, Envea, Environmental Instruments (AQMesh), Kunak Technologies, Libelium, Met One Instruments (Acoem), PurpleAir, Sailhero and Vaisala.

Smart city surveillance refers to the use of networked security technology to improve safety levels in urban areas. The market is dominated by fixed network surveillance infrastructure, but applications such as body-worn cameras and gunshot detection sensors have also emerged as important complements for city surveillance operations. The smart city surveillance equipment market was in 2023 worth € 12.5 billion, with Asia-Pacific and in particular China accounting for the majority. The market will grow at a CAGR of 16.8 percent to reach € 27.3 billion by 2028. Leading video surveillance vendors include the Chinese vendors Hikvision and Dahua Technology as well as Swedish Axis Communications, while the leading providers of urban gunshot detection and BWCs are SoundThinking and Axon respectively.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

1.1 The global trend of urbanisation
1.2 Smart cities and connected public spaces
1.2.1 Smart city architecture
1.2.2 The management of public spaces
1.3 IoT network technologies
1.3.1 Network architectures
1.3.2 Unlicensed and licensed frequency bands
1.3.3 The role of wired and wireless networks for connected public spaces
1.4 Wireless IoT communications technologies
1.4.1 3GPP cellular technologies
1.4.2 3GPP-based LPWA
1.4.3 Non 3GPP-based LPWA
1.4.4 Other RF & IEEE 802.15.4

2 Smart Street Lighting

2.1 The transition to LED and adaptive lighting
2.2 Smart street lighting
2.2.1 Smart street lighting infrastructure
2.3 Market analysis
2.3.1 Market forecasts
2.3.2 Industry analysis
2.3.3 A new era of competition within smart street lighting
2.3.4 Additional market developments and observations
2.4 Company profiles
2.4.1 Acuity Brands
2.4.2 CityLight.net
2.4.3 Current Lighting
2.4.4 Dimonoff
2.4.5 Dhyan
2.4.6 Flashnet (Lucy Group)
2.4.7 Fonda Technology
2.4.8 Itron
2.4.9 LACROIX
2.4.10 LED Roadway Lighting
2.4.11 Lucy Zodion (Lucy Group)
2.4.12 Quantela
2.4.13 Revetec
2.4.14 Rongwen Energy Technology Group
2.4.15 Schréder
2.4.16 Sensus (Xylem)
2.4.17 Signify
2.4.18 SSE
2.4.19 ST Engineering Telematics Wireless
2.4.20 TVILIGHT
2.4.21 TerraGo
2.4.22 Ubicquia
2.4.23 Umpi
2.4.24 Domestic Chinese vendors

3 Smart Parking

3.1 Urban traffic and parking
3.1.1 Passenger cars in use by region
3.1.2 Traffic congestion and parking inefficiencies
3.1.3 Types of parking and asset ownership
3.2 Smart parking
3.2.1 Smart parking infrastructure
3.3 Parking space occupancy monitoring
3.3.1 Global occupancy level monitoring
3.3.2 Single space occupancy detection
3.4 Market analysis
3.4.1 Market forecasts
3.4.2 Industry analysis
3.4.3 The threat from camera-based solutions looms large
3.4.4 Market consolidation predicted in the near-to-mid term
3.4.5 Additional market developments and observations
3.5 Company profiles
3.5.1 CivicSmart
3.5.2 CommuniThings
3.5.3 eleven-x
3.5.4 Fangle Technology
3.5.5 Fleximodo (GOSPACE LABS)
3.5.6 Frogparking
3.5.7 Fybr
3.5.8 Intelliport
3.5.9 Intercomp
3.5.10 IoT Solutions Malta
3.5.11 MinebeaMitsumi & Paradox Engineering
3.5.12 Movebroad Technology
3.5.13 Nedap
3.5.14 Nietzsche Enterprise (NHR)
3.5.15 Nwave Technologies
3.5.16 ParkHelp Technologies
3.5.17 PNI
3.5.18 SICK Mobilisis
3.5.19 Smart City System
3.5.20 Smart Parking
3.5.21 Urbiotica

4 Smart Waste Collection

4.1 Global waste generation and management
4.2 Smart waste sensors
4.2.1 Smart waste collection infrastructure
4.3 Market analysis
4.3.1 Market forecasts
4.3.2 Industry analysis
4.3.3 LPWA has improved the business case for smart sensors
4.3.4 Additional market developments and observations
4.4 Company profiles
4.4.1 BH Technologies
4.4.2 Bigbelly
4.4.3 Bintel
4.4.4 Dingtek Technology
4.4.5 Ecube Labs
4.4.6 EMZ-Environmental Technology
4.4.7 Evreka
4.4.8 KS Technologies
4.4.9 Milesight
4.4.10 Mr. Fill
4.4.11 Nordsense
4.4.12 REEN
4.4.13 RoadRunner
4.4.14 Recycle Track Systems
4.4.15 Sayme
4.4.16 Sensoneo
4.4.17 Sigrenea (SUEZ)
4.4.18 SLOC
4.4.19 SmartEnds
4.4.20 Superfy
4.4.21 TST Sistemas
4.4.22 Waste Vision
4.4.23 Waste Harmonics (Keter Environmental Services)
4.4.24 Wellness TechGroup

5 Urban Air Quality Monitoring

5.1 Ambient air pollution
5.1.1 Types of ambient air pollution
5.1.2 The measurement and communication of ambient air quality
5.2 Ambient air quality monitoring technologies
5.2.1 Ambient air quality monitoring applications
5.3 Ambient air quality monitoring in smart cities
5.4 Market analysis
5.4.1 Market forecasts
5.4.2 Industry analysis
5.4.3 Important advancements in quality assurance are underway
5.4.4 Additional market developments and observations
5.5 Company profiles
5.5.1 Aclima
5.5.2 Aeroqual
5.5.3 Airly
5.5.4 Aurassure (DATOMS)
5.5.5 Breeze Technologies
5.5.6 Clarity Movement
5.5.7 EarthSense Systems
5.5.8 Ecomesure
5.5.9 eLichens
5.5.10 Enginko
5.5.11 Envea
5.5.12 Environmental Instruments
5.5.13 Kunak Technologies
5.5.14 Libelium
5.5.15 Lunar Outpost
5.5.16 MagnaSCI
5.5.17 Met One Instruments (Acoem)
5.5.18 Oizom
5.5.19 Palas
5.5.20 PurpleAir
5.5.21 Sailhero Environmental Protection High-Tech
5.5.22 Vaisala
5.5.23 Vortex

6 Smart City Surveillance

6.1 Issues of public safety
6.1.1 Criminal activities and terrorist threats
6.2 Smart City Surveillance
6.2.1 Fixed video surveillance infrastructure
6.2.2 Body-worn cameras (BWCs) for law enforcement
6.2.3 Gunshot detection and localisation system
6.3 Market analysis
6.3.1 Market forecasts
6.3.2 Industry analysis
6.3.3 Western vendors turn to new strategies to mitigate the Chinese AI advantage
6.3.4 Hybrid and cloud-based solutions are picking up speed
6.3.5 The impact of 5G technology on networked surveillance
6.4 Company profiles
6.4.1 Axis Communications (Canon)
6.4.2 Dahua Technology
6.4.3 Hanwha Vision
6.4.4 Hikvision
6.4.5 Honeywell
6.4.6 Infinova
6.4.7 Motorola Solutions
6.4.8 IDIS
6.4.9 i-PRO
6.4.10 Tiandy Technologies
6.4.11 Uniview Technologies
6.4.12 Vivotek
6.4.13 Axon
6.4.14 Digital Ally
6.4.15 Shenzhen Jingyi (Pe)
6.4.16 Reveal Media
6.4.17 Utility Associates
6.4.18 WCCTV
6.4.19 Zepcam
6.4.20 Flock Safety
6.4.21 SoundThinking

Glossary

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Urban population, % of total (World 1960–2022) ……. 4
Figure 1.2: Number of major cities worldwide ………. 5
Figure 1.3: Countries with the largest number of major cities (World 2018) …. 6
Figure 1.4: Unlicensed and reserved radio frequencies available for wireless IoT …. 11
Figure 1.5: Number of LTE-M and NB-IoT networks (World 2018–2022) ……. 15
Figure 1.6: Sigfox network operators by country …….. 17
Figure 2.1: Dimmable luminaire with external LCU ……… 25
Figure 2.2: Members of the TALQ Consortium ……….. 27
Figure 2.3: Smart street lighting LCU shipments and installed base (World 2023–2028) .. 30
Figure 2.4: Installed base by communications technology (World 2023–2028) …. 31
Figure 2.5: Top-10 smart street lighting LCU vendors (World excluding China 2023) … 33
Figure 2.6: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023) …… 35
Figure 2.7: C-Node Zhaga IoT ………… 41
Figure 2.8: Dimonoff communications infrastructure ………. 43
Figure 2.9: Flashnet inteliLIGHT Zhaga and NEMA socket LCUs …… 46
Figure 2.10: Streetlight.Vision Dashboard ………. 48
Figure 2.11: LED Roadway Lighting Tool-less Sensor Platform ……… 51
Figure 2.12: The Lucy Zodion Ki. Node One LCU ………. 53
Figure 2.13: Schréder Mesh & Datalift nodes …………. 57
Figure 2.14: SHUFFLE Mobility …………… 58
Figure 2.15: The functionalities of Interact City ……….. 61
Figure 2.16: Signify’s outdoor multi-sensor ………… 62
Figure 2.17: UNB Control Node ………….. 63
Figure 2.18: TerraGo product architecture …………. 68
Figure 2.19: UbiMetro………….. 70
Figure 3.1: Car parc by region (World 2015–2021) …….. 76
Figure 3.2: Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants (EU27+UK 2021) …… 77
Figure 3.3: Time lost in traffic congestion per capita (World excluding Asia 2022) … 78
Figure 3.4: Time and costs associated with the search for parking (US 2017) …… 79
Figure 3.5: In-ground and surface-mount parking occupancy detection sensors ….. 84
Figure 3.6: Smart ground parking sensor comparison ……….. 85
Figure 3.7: Smart parking sensor shipments and installed base (World 2023–2028) …. 88
Figure 3.8: Installed base by communications technology (World 2023–2028) …. 89
Figure 3.9: Top-10 smart ground parking sensor vendors (World excluding China 2023) …. 91
Figure 3.10: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023) …….. 93
Figure 3.11: eleven-x surface-mount and in-ground sensors ……… 99
Figure 3.12: Fybr Parking Sensor III & Parking Genius guidance & payment app .. 103
Figure 3.13: Movebroad NB-IoT dual magnetic+radar parking sensor ……. 107
Figure 3.14: Nedap SENSIT surface- and flush-mount sensors ……. 108
Figure 3.15: PNI PlacePod in-ground and surface-mount sensors …… 111
Figure 3.16: Smart City System surface-mount sensor …….. 113
Figure 4.1: Global waste generation statistics (2021) ……….. 120
Figure 4.2: Examples of smart waste sensors ………. 123
Figure 4.3: Ecube Labs’ waste management software CleanCityNetworks ….. 124
Figure 4.4: Smart waste sensor shipments and installed base (World 2023–2028) …. 126
Figure 4.5: Smart waste sensors by communications technology (World 2023–2028) … 127
Figure 4.6: Top-12 smart waste sensor technology vendors (World excluding China 2023) .. 130
Figure 4.7: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2023) …….. 131
Figure 4.8: Bigbelly Smart compacting bin ……….. 136
Figure 4.9: CleanFLEX fill-level sensor and CleanCUBE smart bins …….. 139
Figure 4.10: Mr. Fill’s smart waste solutions …………. 142
Figure 4.11: REEN’s smart fill-level sensor ……….. 145
Figure 4.12: RoadRunner Smart Camera………. 146
Figure 4.13: Pello Smart Camera and Pello Dashboard ……….. 147
Figure 4.14: Sensoneo analytics dashboard ………… 149
Figure 4.15: SLOC Series 300 Waste Bin sensor ……… 152
Figure 4.16: S200 Smart Compactors, G2 fill-level sensor & vape/battery containers …. 154
Figure 4.17: iWaste, OnePlus and SmartBin sensor ……… 156
Figure 5.1: Million years of healthy life loss by risk factor (World 2019) ……. 159
Figure 5.2: Most PM2.5-polluted capitals (World 2022) …….. 161
Figure 5.3: Share of regional cities which meet WHO PM2.5 guideline levels ….. 161
Figure 5.4: Examples of commercial and consumer air quality monitoring devices …. 167
Figure 5.5: Air quality sensor device shipments and installed base (World 2023–2028) ….. 172
Figure 5.6: Air quality sensor devices by communication technology (World 2023–2028) ….. 173
Figure 5.7: List of major ambient air quality monitoring solution providers ….. 176
Figure 5.8: Recent market entrants, low-cost air quality monitoring …….. 178
Figure 5.9: TS 1660-1 – Classifications of gas sensors …….. 181
Figure 5.10: Aeroqual AQY-R sensor ………… 186
Figure 5.11: Airly PM+GAS and PM sensors ……….. 187
Figure 5.12: Breeze Technologies outdoor sensor & Environmental Intelligence Cloud ….. 189
Figure 5.13: Clarity Node-S …………… 191
Figure 5.14: Ecomsmart 2 sensor ………… 193
Figure 5.15: eLichens Air cloud platform ………. 194
Figure 5.16: Enginko LoRaWAN PM outdoor sensor and Davis LoRaWAN Interface Kit ….. 195
Figure 5.17: The Cairnet mini-station for air quality monitoring …….. 197
Figure 5.18: AQMesh pod …………. 198
Figure 5.19: Kunak AIR Pro …………… 199
Figure 5.20: Libelium’s SmartSpot and air quality station device ……… 201
Figure 5.21: The PurpleAir Classic sensor ………… 205
Figure 5.22: Vaisala’s AQT air quality monitor ………. 208
Figure 5.23: VTX Air sensor …………… 209
Figure 6.1: Crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants (US & EU 2018) …….. 212
Figure 6.2: Number of deaths from terrorism (World 1995–2018) …….. 213
Figure 6.3: Common network surveillance camera types …….. 215
Figure 6.4: Body-worn camera with integrated cellular connectivity …….. 218
Figure 6.5: Urban gunshot detection sensor system …….. 219
Figure 6.6: Smart city surveillance equipment value forecast (World 2023–2028) … 221
Figure 6.7: Smart city surveillance vendor data (World FY2022/2023) …. 223
Figure 6.8: Mergers and acquisitions among video surveillance vendors ……. 226
Figure 6.9: Dahua multi-sensor panoramic/PTZ + AI bullet network cameras …. 235
Figure 6.10: Wisenet SSM video management software ………. 236
Figure 6.11: Hikvision AI Cloud …………. 238
Figure 6.12: Avigilon H4 Multisensor camera with self-learning video analytics …… 242
Figure 6.13: Axon Body 4 ………….. 249
Figure 6.14: Reveal Media K7 …………… 252
Figure 6.15: Front and back of the EOS by Utility Camera ……. 254
Figure 6.16: Flock Safety Raven gunshot detection sensor ……… 257