球状炭化ケイ素(SiC)市場の成長と動向分析レポート

Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report

球状炭化ケイ素(SiC)市場 : 用途 (フィラー材料、コーティング)、製品 (30.0 マイクロメートル未満、50.0 マイクロメートル以上)、地域、セグメント別予測による市場規模、成長と動向分析レポート 2024-2030年
Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Filler Material, Coating), By Product (Below 30.0 Micrometre, Above 50.0 Micrometre), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024 - 2030

商品番号 : SMB-69840

出版社Grand View Research
出版年月2024年10月
ページ数100
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 5,950
種別英文調査報告書

Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Trends

The global spherical silicon carbide market size was estimated at USD 3.68 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 11.0% from 2024 to 2030.

世界の球状炭化ケイ素市場規模は、2023 年に 36 億 8,000 万米ドルと推定され、2024 年から 2030 年にかけて 11.0% の CAGR で成長すると予測されています。

Silicon carbide’s exceptional properties, such as high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage, and superior efficiency at high temperatures, make it ideal for the electronics industry. The material is particularly suited for developing high-power devices like electric vehicle (EV) inverters, energy-efficient chips, and semiconductors. As industries push toward next-generation electronics, SiC is used in high-frequency and high-temperature applications. This supports the demand for more efficient electronic components in electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and data centers.

球状炭化ケイ素(SiC)市場の成長と動向分析レポート
spherical-silicon-carbide-market-share

Silicon carbide (SiC) plays a crucial role in the renewable energy industry, particularly in solar inverters and wind turbines, where it significantly improves energy efficiency. Its ability to reduce power loss and increase energy conversion efficiency in photovoltaic systems and power grids has driven demand. As countries aim to meet stringent energy goals and reduce carbon footprints, using SiC in renewable energy technologies is expected to expand significantly.

The global shift toward EVs is another critical driver for SiC demand. In EV powertrains, silicon carbide offers higher efficiency than traditional silicon-based devices, leading to longer driving ranges and faster charging capabilities. With major automakers scaling up EV production, the demand for SiC-based semiconductors is expected to rise. In addition, SiC is used in automotive components such as braking systems and engine parts, further boosting its adoption.

Moreover, the aerospace industry is turning to silicon carbide for high-temperature, wear-resistant applications such as jet turbine blades and aerospace electronics. SiC’s ability to withstand extreme environments while maintaining its strength makes it a preferred material for producing critical components that must endure high pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, SiC is used in advanced defense systems for sensors and radars, where durability and performance are paramount.

The growing demand for specialty ceramics, especially in defense, aerospace, and electronics sectors, contributes to the rising need for silicon carbide. Its hardness and resistance to wear and corrosion make it ideal for producing durable ceramic components. Industries that require materials with high mechanical strength, such as the automotive and steel sectors, are also turning to SiC-based ceramics to enhance performance and reduce maintenance costs.

Silicon carbide is increasingly used in the steel industry to improve furnace operations and reduce emissions. SiC’s high thermal conductivity allows for more efficient energy use, thus enabling cleaner and faster steel production processes. This aligns with the global push towards reducing carbon emissions, particularly in heavy industries like steelmaking, which are traditionally energy-intensive.

Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Report Scope 

Report AttributeDetails
Market size value in 2024USD 4.05 billion
Revenue forecast in 2030USD 7.59 billion
Growth rateCAGR of 11.0% from 2023 to 2030
Actual data2018 – 2023
Forecast period2024 – 2030
Quantitative unitsRevenue in USD million/billion and CAGR from 2024 to 2030
Report coverageRevenue forecast, competitive landscape, growth factors, and trends
Segments coveredProduct, application, region
Regional scopeNorth America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Central & South America; Middle East & Africa
Country scopeU.S.; Canada; Mexico; UK; Germany; France; Italy; Spain; China; India; Japan; Brazil; Saudi Arabia
Key companies profiledFujimi Corporation; Shin-Etsu Chemical
Customization scopeFree report customization (equivalent up to 8 analysts working days) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope.

Global Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Report Segmentation

This report forecasts revenue growth at global, regional & country levels and provides an analysis of the industry trends in each of the segments from 2018 to 2030. For this study, Grand View Research has segmented the global spherical silicon carbide market based on the product, application, and region:

  • Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 – 2030)
  • Below 30.0 μm
  • 30.0-50.0 μm
  • Above 50.0 μm
  • Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 – 2030)
  • Filler Material
  • Ceramic Material
  • Coating
  • Other
  • Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 – 2030)
  • North America

o U.S.

o Canada

o Mexico

  • Europe

o Germany

o UK

o France

o Italy

o Spain

  • Asia Pacific

o China

o Japan

o India

  • Central & South America

o Brazil

  • Middle East & Africa

o Saudi Arabia

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope

1.1. Research Methodology

1.2. Research Scope & Assumption

1.3. Information Procurement

1.3.1. Purchased Database

1.3.2. GVR’s Internal Database

1.3.3. Secondary Sources & Third-Party Perspectives

1.3.4. Primary Research

1.4. Information Analysis

1.4.1. Data Analysis Models

1.5. Market Formulation & Data Visualization

1.6. List of Data Sources

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

2.1. Market Outlook, 2023 (USD Million)

2.2. Segmental Outlook

2.3. Competitive Insights

Chapter 3. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Variables, Trends & Scope

3.1. Market Lineage Outlook

3.2. Value Chain Analysis

3.3. Market Dynamics

3.3.1. Market Driver Analysis

3.3.2. Market Restraint Analysis

3.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis

3.3.4. Market Challenge Analysis

3.4. Regulatory Framework

3.5. Business Environment Analysis

3.5.1. PESTLE Analysis

3.5.2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

3.6. Market Disruption Analysis

Chapter 4. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis

4.1. Key Takeaways

4.2. Product Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2023 & 2030

4.3. Market By Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

4.4. Below 30.0 μm

4.4.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

4.5. 30.0-50.0μm

4.5.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

4.6. Above 50.0 μm

4.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Chapter 5. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis

5.1. Key Takeaways

5.2. Application Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2023 & 2030

5.3. Market By Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

5.4. Filler Material

5.4.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

5.5. Ceramic Material

5.5.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

5.6. Coating

5.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

5.7. Other

5.7.1. Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Chapter 6. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis

6.1. Key Takeaways

6.2. Regional Market Share Analysis, 2023 & 2030

6.3. Market Estimates & Forecasts by Region, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4. North America

6.4.1. North America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.2. North America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.3. North America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.4. U.S.

6.4.4.1. U.S. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.4.2. U.S. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.4.3. U.S. Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.5. Canada

6.4.5.1. Canada Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.5.2. Canada Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.5.3. Canada Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.6. Mexico

6.4.6.1. Mexico Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.6.2. Mexico Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.4.6.3. Mexico Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5. Europe

6.5.1. Europe Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.2. Europe Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.3. Europe Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.4. Germany

6.5.4.1. Germany Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.4.2. Germany Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.4.3. Germany Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.5. UK

6.5.5.1. UK Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.5.2. UK Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.5.3. UK Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.6. France

6.5.6.1. France Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.6.2. France Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.6.3. France Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.7. Spain

6.5.7.1. Spain Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.7.2. Spain Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.7.3. Spain Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.8. Italy

6.5.8.1. Italy Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.8.2. Italy Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.5.8.3. Italy Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6. Asia Pacific

6.6.1. Asia Pacific Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.2. Asia Pacific Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.3. Asia Pacific Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.4. China

6.6.4.1. China Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.4.2. China Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.4.3. China Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.5. India

6.6.5.1. India Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.5.2. India Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.5.3. India Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.6. Japan

6.6.6.1. Japan Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.6.2. Japan Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.6.6.3. Japan Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7. Central & South America

6.7.1. Central & South America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7.2. Central & South America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7.3. Central & South America Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7.4. Brazil

6.7.4.1. Brazil Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7.4.2. Brazil Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.7.4.3. Brazil Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8. Middle East & Africa

6.8.1. Middle East & Africa Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8.2. Middle East & Africa Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8.3. Middle East & Africa Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8.4. Saudi Arabia

6.8.4.1. Saudi Arabia Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8.4.2. Saudi Arabia Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

6.8.4.3. Saudi Arabia Spherical Silicon Carbide Market Estimates & Forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Chapter 7. Supplier Intelligence

7.1. Kraljic Matrix

7.2. Engagement Model

7.3. Negotiation Strategies

7.4. Sourcing Best Practices

7.5. Vendor Selection Criteria

Chapter 8. Competitive Analysis

8.1. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis, By Key Market Participants

8.2. Company Categorization

8.3. Company Market Positioning

8.4. Company Heat Map Analysis

8.5. Company Listings

8.5.1. Fujimi Corporation

8.5.1.1. Company Overview

8.5.1.2. Financial Performance

8.5.1.3. Product Benchmarking

8.5.1.4. Strategic Initiatives

8.5.2. Shin-Etsu Chemical

8.5.2.1. Company Overview

8.5.2.2. Financial Performance

8.5.2.3. Product Benchmarking

8.5.2.4. Strategic Initiatives

List of Tables

Table 1 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 2 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 3 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by filler material, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 4 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by ceramic material, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 5 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by coating, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 6 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by others, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 7 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by Below 30.0 μm, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 8 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by 30.0-50.0μm, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 9 Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by Above 50.0 μm, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 10 North America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 11 North America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 12 North America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 13 U.S. Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 14 U.S. Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 15 U.S. Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 16 Canada Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 17 Canada Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 18 Canada Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 19 Mexico Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 20 Mexico Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 21 Mexico Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 22 Europe Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 23 Europe Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 24 Europe Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 25 Germany Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 26 Germany Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 27 Germany Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 28 UK Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 29 UK Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 30 UK Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 31 France Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 32 France Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 33 France Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 34 Spain Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 35 Spain Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 36 Spain Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 37 Italy Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 38 Italy Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 39 Italy Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 40 Asia Pacific Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 41 Asia Pacific Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 42 Asia Pacific Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 43 China Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 44 China Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 45 China Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 46 India Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 47 India Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 48 India Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 49 Japan Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 50 Japan Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 51 Japan Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 52 Central & South America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 53 Central & South America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 54 Central & South America Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 55 Brazil Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 56 Brazil Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by Material, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 57 Brazil Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by Application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 58 Middle East & Africa Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 59 Middle East & Africa Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 60 Middle East & Africa Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 61 Saudi Arabia Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 62 Saudi Arabia Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by product, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

Table 63 Saudi Arabia Spherical silicon carbide market estimates & forecasts, by application, 2018 – 2030 (USD Million)

List of Figures

Fig. 1 Information Procurement

Fig. 2 Primary Research Pattern

Fig. 3 Primary Research Process

Fig. 4 Market Research Approaches – Bottom-Up Approach

Fig. 5 Market Research Approaches – Top-Down Approach

Fig. 6 Market Research Approaches – Combined Approach

Fig. 7 Market Snapshot

Fig. 8 Segmental Outlook

Fig. 9 Competitive Outlook

Fig. 10 Market – Value Chain Analysis

Fig. 11 Market Drivers Impact Analysis

Fig. 12 Market Restraint Impact Analysis

Fig. 13 Industry Analysis – PORTERS

Fig. 14 Industry Analysis – PESTEL

Fig. 15 Product: Key Takeaways

Fig. 16 Product: Market Share, 2023 & 2030

Fig. 17 Application: Key Takeaways

Fig. 18 Application: Market Share, 2023 & 2030

Fig. 19 Region, 2023 & 2030 (USD Million)

Fig. 20 Regional Marketplace: Key Takeaways

Fig. 21 Kraljic Matrix

Fig. 22 Engagement Model

Fig. 23 Sourcing Best Practices

Fig. 24 Sourcing Best Practices

Fig. 25 Competition Categorization

Fig. 26 Company Market Positioning

Fig. 27 Strategy Mapping, 2023