自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場 – 2029年までの世界予測

FSO & VLC Li-Fi Market - Global Forecast to 2029

自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場 - FSO コンポーネント (送信機、受信機、変調器および復調器)、VLC コンポーネント (LED、光検出器、マイクロコントローラー、ソフトウェア) - 2029年までの世界予測
Free Space Optics (FSO) and Visible Light Communication (VLC)/ Li-Fi Market by FSO Component (Transmitters, Receivers, Modulators & Demodulators), VLC Component (LEDs, Photodetectors, Microcontrollers, Software) - Global Forecast to 2029

商品番号 : SMB-26703

出版社MarketsandMarkets
出版年月2024年10月
ページ数256
図表数291
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

The FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market was valued at USD 2.78 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 7.39 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 21.6% from 2024 to 2029.

自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場は2024年に27億8,000万米ドルと評価され、2029年までに73億9,000万米ドルに達すると予測されており、2024年から2029年にかけて21.6%のCAGRで成長します。

自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場 - 2029年までの世界予測
visible-light-communication-market_oveview

High growth of LEDs due to low energy consumption is one of the major drivers in the VLC/Li-Fi market. The VLC/Li-Fi technology is highly efficient in terms of energy consumption. The VLC system consumes very low energy by using LEDs for data transmission purposes. Low-cost LEDs and lighting units can be used for applications ranging from public Internet access to streetlamps and auto-piloted cars that communicate through their headlights. Using LEDs for residential lighting results in enhanced power efficiency, encouraging customers to choose LEDs over incandescent and fluorescent lamps. LEDs are replacing artificial lighting sources such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps in Australia, Taiwan, China, and countries in the EU. The US Department of Energy (DoE) estimates that the rapid rate of adoption of LED lighting in the US over the next 20 years can save energy, eliminate the need for new power plants, and reduce the demand for lighting electricity by 33%. Suited only for short-range communication applications is one of the major restraints in the VLC/Li-Fi market. VLC/Li-Fi connections depend upon light to transmit data and are highly vulnerable to external interference. A major disadvantage of the VLC technology is that artificial light does not pass through walls and other opaque materials, such as lampshades and frosted glass, unlike radio waves. Thus, a VLC-enabled device (through its inbuilt photo -receiver) can never be as fast and handy as a Wi-Fi-enabled device in open air. Another limitation is that VLC only works in direct LoS and can thus only be implemented in indoor or closed-space applications. It can be considered as an alternative only for the short-distance communication applications of the RF technology.

自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場 - 2029年までの世界予測 ecosystem
visible-light-communication-market-ecosystem

Healthcare devices FSO application segment is expected to grow with the highest growth rate during the forecast period

The healthcare devices application segment is expected to record the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Information gathered from wireless portable medical devices could play a significant role in optimizing the administration of existing therapies. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure is expected to offer opportunities for the growth of wireless technologies to be integrated into devices, particularly as consumer health and preventive medicine are gaining greater prominence. Hence, the market for the healthcare devices application segment is expected to grow rapidly in the near future.

The transmitters segment in FSO components to account for largest market size during the forecast period.

The transmitters segment is anticipated to continue to hold the largest size of the FSO market during the forecast period as these are used for major applications such as high-density signal transmission in data centers, high-performance computing, high-speed data processing, and communication. Compact size, low power consumption, and high data rate of optical transmitters make them suitable for FSO applications.

North America is expected to have the second-largest market for VLC/Li-Fi during the forecast period.

North America accounted for the second-largest share of the VLC/Li-Fi market in 2023. This is mainly attributed to the increase in investments in telecom infrastructure, government funding, and the rise in military expenditure. Key factors such as the increase in automation, rise in the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) platform, surge in cellular M2M connections, and the growth in demand for on-demand video services are the key factors projected to drive the growth of the VLC/Li-Fi market in the region. The early adoption of new technologies, such as machine-to-machine interaction and IoT-enabled devices, along with the presence of key industrial players, is expected to lead to the high growth of the VLC/Li-Fi market in North America.

自由空間光通信 (FSO) &可視光通信 (VLC)/Li-Fi 市場 - 2029年までの世界予測 region
visible-light-communication-market-region

In determining and verifying the market size for several segments and subsegments gathered through secondary research, extensive primary interviews have been conducted with key officials in the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market. Following is the breakup of the profiles of the primary participants for the report.

  • By Company Type: Tier 1 – 45 %, Tier 2 – 35%, and Tier 3 – 20%
  • By Designation: Directors –40%, Managers- 32%, and Others – 28%
  • By Region: North America– 37%, Europe- 15%, Asia Pacific – 40%,  and RoW – 8%

The report profiles key players in the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market and analyzes their market shares. Players profiled in this report are Signify Holding (Netherlands), Lucibel SA (France), fSONA Networks Corp. (Canada), Wireless Excellence Limited (UK), Oledcomm (France), pureLiFi (UK), Acuity Brands, Inc. (US), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), Fraunhofer HHI (Germany), Trimble Hungary Kft. (Hungary), JSC Mostcom (Russia), LVX System (US), Velmenni (India), LightBee (Spain), VLNComm (US), IRNAS d.o.o. (Slovenia), nextLiFi (Australia), Infinity Technology Services Limited (China), AIRLINX Communications, Inc. (US), EC SYSTEM (Czech Republic), CACI International Inc (US), Redline Infrastructure (South Africa), Global LiFi Tech (Canada), LumEfficient (US), and QinetiQ (UK).

Research Coverage

The report defines, describes, and forecasts the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market based on FSO component, FSO application, FSO vertical, VLC/Li-Fi transmission type, VLC/Li-Fi component, VLC/Li-Fi application, and Region. It provides detailed information regarding drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing its growth. It also analyzes competitive developments such as product launches, acquisitions, expansions, contracts, partnerships, and actions carried out by the key players to grow in the market.

Reasons to Buy This Report

The report will help the market leaders/new entrants with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market and the subsegments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and to plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Analysis of key drivers (Effective alternative to RF technology for outdoor networking, limited last mile connectivity, ability to offer faster and safer data transfer, and high growth of LEDs due to low energy consumption), restraints (High installation cost for FSO solutions, and suited only to short-range communication applications), opportunities (Increasing adoption of FSO in place of RF communication, growing adoption of Li-Fi in various industries, emergence of new applications such as IoT and 5G), and challenges (Reliability issues due to fading of signals during propagation, and Lack of technological awareness) influencing the growth of the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market.

  • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market
  • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market across varied regions
  • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like Signify Holding (Netherlands), Acuity Brands, Inc. (US), Oledcomm (France), fSONA Networks Corp. (Canada), pureLiFi (UK), Wireless Excellence Limited (UK), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), Fraunhofer HHI (Germany, Trimble Hungary Kft. (Hungary), JSC Mostcom (Russia), among others in the FSO & VLC/Li-Fi market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the automotive airbags & seatbelts market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

Table of Contents

1            INTRODUCTION            27

1.1         STUDY OBJECTIVES      27

1.2         MARKET DEFINITION   27

1.3         STUDY SCOPE  28

1.3.1      MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE     28

1.3.2      INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 29

1.3.3      YEARS CONSIDERED     30

1.4         CURRENCY CONSIDERED          31

1.5         UNITS CONSIDERED     31

1.6         STAKEHOLDERS            31

1.7         SUMMARY OF CHANGES            32

2            RESEARCH METHODOLOGY     33

2.1         RESEARCH DATA           33

2.1.1      SECONDARY DATA       34

2.1.1.1   Major secondary sources    34

2.1.1.2   Key data from secondary sources     35

2.1.2      PRIMARY DATA 35

2.1.2.1   List of primary interview participants             35

2.1.2.2   Key data from primary sources         36

2.1.2.3   Key industry insights          37

2.1.2.4   Breakdown of primaries     37

2.1.3      SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 38

2.2         MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION       39

2.2.1      BOTTOM-UP APPROACH           40

2.2.1.1   Market size estimation through bottom-up approach (demand side)        40

2.2.2      TOP-DOWN APPROACH             41

2.2.2.1   Market size estimation through top-down approach (supply side)            41

2.3         MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION    42

2.4         RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS         43

2.5         RISK ASSESSMENT         43

2.6         RESEARCH LIMITATIONS           43

3            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 44

4            PREMIUM INSIGHTS      49

4.1         OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET     49

4.2         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE    50

4.3         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION      50

4.4         FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY      51

4.5         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY          51

5            MARKET OVERVIEW     52

5.1         INTRODUCTION            52

5.2         MARKET DYNAMICS     52

5.2.1      DRIVERS            53

5.2.1.1   FSO market         53

5.2.1.1.1 Effective alternative to RF technology for long-distance outdoor communication              53

5.2.1.1.2 Ability to revolutionize high-bandwidth networks through bridging connectivity gap        53

5.2.1.2   VLC/Li-Fi market             54

5.2.1.2.1 Faster and safer data transfer           54

5.2.1.2.2 High adoption of LEDs due to their energy efficiency  55

5.2.2      RESTRAINTS     56

5.2.2.1   FSO market         56

5.2.2.1.1 High installation costs of FSO solutions         56

5.2.2.2   VLC/Li-Fi market             56

5.2.2.2.1 Suited only for short-range communication applications            56

5.2.3      OPPORTUNITIES           57

5.2.3.1   FSO market         57

5.2.3.1.1 Increasing adoption of FSO over RF in space programs              57

5.2.3.2   VLC/Li-Fi market             58

5.2.3.2.1 Growing adoption of Li-Fi in various industries           58

5.2.3.2.2 Emergence of new applications such as IoT and 5G     58

5.2.4      CHALLENGES   60

5.2.4.1   FSO market         60

5.2.4.1.1 Reliability issues due to fading signals during propagation         60

5.2.4.2   VLC/Li-Fi market             61

5.2.4.2.1 Lack of technological awareness      61

5.3         TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS       62

5.4         PRICING ANALYSIS        63

5.4.1      INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI SOLUTIONS, 2024      63

5.4.2      INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024  63

5.4.3      INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI COMPONENTS, BY REGION, 2024      64

5.5         VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS            64

5.6         ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 67

5.7         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO            69

5.8         TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS           69

5.8.1      KEY TECHNOLOGIES    69

5.8.1.1   Li-Fi technology  69

5.8.2      ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES      70

5.8.2.1   Optical fiber technology    70

5.9         IMPACT OF AI ON FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET      71

5.10       CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 72

5.10.1    EC SYSTEM DEPLOYS WIRELESS OPTICAL LINK FOR OPTICAL WIRELESS POINT-TO-POINT CONNECTION TO TRANSMIT DATA          72

5.10.2    EC SYSTEM IMPLEMENTS CABLE-FREE OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN EBENE CYBER CITY FOR HIGH-RELIABILITY WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY 72

5.10.3    BABCOCK USES LI-FI TO IMPROVE INFORMATION GATHERING              73

5.11       PATENT ANALYSIS        74

5.12       TRADE ANALYSIS          78

5.12.1    IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 853950)  78

5.12.2    EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 853950)  79

5.13       TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE            80

5.13.1    TARIFF ANALYSIS (HS CODE 853950)     80

5.13.2    REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 81

5.13.3    REGULATORY STANDARDS       83

5.14       KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025     84

5.15       PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         85

5.15.1    INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 86

5.15.2    BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS     86

5.15.3    BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS           86

5.15.4    THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES         86

5.15.5    THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS    86

5.16       KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA    87

5.16.1    KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS         87

5.16.2    BUYING CRITERIA         88

6            FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) MARKET      90

6.1         FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT 91

6.1.1      INTRODUCTION            91

6.1.2      TRANSMITTERS             92

6.1.2.1   Low maintenance requirements to drive adoption        92

6.1.3      RECEIVERS        92

6.1.3.1   Use of photodetectors to propel market         92

6.1.4      MODULATORS & DEMODULATORS       93

6.1.4.1   Efficient communication to boost demand     93

6.2         FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION             93

6.2.1      INTRODUCTION            93

6.2.2      MOBILE BACKHAUL      95

6.2.2.1   Increasing demand for high-frequency bandwidth and cost reduction to propel market   95

6.2.3      ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY    98

6.2.3.1   Significant reduction in cabling cost and high resistance to signal interception to drive market        98

6.2.4      DISASTER RECOVERY   99

6.2.4.1   Fast and ease of deployment in disaster areas to drive market    99

6.2.5      DEFENSE OPERATIONS 99

6.2.5.1   Secure and reliable communication to boost adoption  99

6.2.6      SATELLITE        101

6.2.6.1   Significant data quantity transfer at high speed to foster market growth   101

6.2.7      HEALTHCARE DEVICES 102

6.2.7.1   Need to collect vital data from daily routines to increase adoption            102

6.2.8      SECURITY          103

6.2.8.1   Security and non-interception of data to drive market  103

6.2.9      ENGINEERING & DESIGN           104

6.2.9.1   Growing use for end-to-end system simulations to support market growth              104

6.2.10    OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS      105

6.3         FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL      106

6.3.1      INTRODUCTION            106

6.3.2      IT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS  108

6.3.2.1   Increasing deployment of 5G networks to propel market            108

6.3.3      CONSUMER ELECTRONICS        108

6.3.3.1   Significant increase in global demand for high-speed internet connectivity to fuel market   108

6.3.4      AEROSPACE & DEFENSE             109

6.3.4.1   Concerns regarding national security to drive demand 109

6.3.5      MEDICAL          109

6.3.5.1   Reliability in healthcare and biomedical services to boost market             109

6.3.6      AUTOMOTIVE  109

6.3.6.1   Growing demand for vehicular communication to drive market  109

6.3.7      OTHER FSO VERTICALS             110

6.4         FSO MARKET, BY REGION          110

6.4.1      INTRODUCTION            110

6.4.2      NORTH AMERICA          112

6.4.2.1   Macroeconomic outlook for North America   114

6.4.2.2   US         114

6.4.2.2.1 Rising government subsidies and direct investments in telecommunication infrastructure to boost market          114

6.4.2.3   Canada  114

6.4.2.3.1 Rising use in disaster recovery applications to fuel market growth            114

6.4.2.4   Mexico  115

6.4.2.4.1 Increasing awareness about benefits of FSO solutions to boost adoption  115

6.4.3      EUROPE             115

6.4.3.1   Macroeconomic outlook for Europe 118

6.4.3.2   Germany             118

6.4.3.2.1 Strong focus on digitalization to fuel market growth     118

6.4.3.3   France   119

6.4.3.3.1 Increasing demand for high-speed data transfer for businesses and residents to boost market        119

6.4.3.4   UK         119

6.4.3.4.1 Robust telecommunications network to support integration       119

6.4.3.5   Rest of Europe     119

6.4.4      ASIA PACIFIC    120

6.4.4.1   Macroeconomic outlook for Asia Pacific         122

6.4.4.2   China     122

6.4.4.2.1 Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for high-speed data to boost deployment         122

6.4.4.3   Japan     123

6.4.4.3.1 Technological advancements, dense urban areas,

and focus on innovation to drive market         123

6.4.4.4   South Korea        123

6.4.4.4.1 Increasing demand for high-speed, reliable connectivity in densely populated cities to propel market       123

6.4.4.5   Rest of Asia Pacific            123

6.4.5      ROW     123

6.4.5.1   Macroeconomic outlook for RoW     125

6.4.5.2   South America     126

6.4.5.2.1 Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for high-speed connectivity to boost market   126

6.4.5.3   Middle East & Africa          126

6.4.5.3.1 Pressing need for high-speed connectivity in remote and underserved areas to propel market      126

6.4.5.3.2 GCC countries     126

6.4.5.3.3 Africa & Rest of Middle East            126

7            VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION (VLC)/ LIGHT FIDELITY (LI-FI) MARKET            127

7.1         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT    128

7.1.1      INTRODUCTION            128

7.1.2      LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS)         130

7.1.2.1   Ability to create new form of high-speed optical wireless communication to drive market   130

7.1.2.2   Phosphorus LEDs 131

7.1.2.3   Red, green, and blue (RGB) LEDs   131

7.1.2.4   Resonant cavity LEDs (RCLEDs)    132

7.1.2.5   Organic LEDs (OLEDs)   132

7.1.2.6   Microlens LEDs   132

7.1.2.7   Near-infrared or ultraviolet LEDs    133

7.1.3      PHOTODETECTORS     134

7.1.3.1   Ability to transmit data at high speed to boost demand 134

7.1.3.2   Photodiode          134

7.1.3.3   Image sensor        134

7.1.4      MICROCONTROLLERS  136

7.1.4.1   Ability to simplify data processing to drive market       136

7.1.4.2   Modulator & demodulator 136

7.1.4.2.1 Modulation          136

7.1.4.2.1.1           Pulse width modulation (PWM)      136

7.1.4.2.1.2           Pulse position modulation (PPM)   136

7.1.4.2.1.3           Variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) 136

7.1.4.2.1.4           Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) 137

7.1.4.2.1.5           Color shift keying (CSK)   137

7.1.4.2.1.6           Frequency shift keying (FSK)          137

7.1.4.2.1.7           Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM)      137

7.1.4.2.1.8           Spatial modulation (SM)   137

7.1.4.2.2 Demodulation     137

7.1.4.2.2.1           Diode detector     137

7.1.4.2.2.2           Synchronous detector        138

7.1.5      SOFTWARE       139

7.1.5.1   Importance of software component for communicating in VLC systems to boost market   139

7.2         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE    140

7.2.1      INTRODUCTION            140

7.2.2      UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION        142

7.2.2.1   Wide range of applications in broadcast services, streetlights, museums, smart stores, and indoor to propel market  142

7.2.3      BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION            142

7.2.3.1   Demand for high-speed internet connectivity between devices to drive market              142

7.3         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION   142

7.3.1      INTRODUCTION            142

7.3.2      SMART STORES 145

7.3.2.1   Growing use of VLC/Li-fi solutions to improve customer experience to fuel market growth     145

7.3.3      STREETLIGHTS 146

7.3.3.1   Ability to offers internet connectivity with installation of LED lights to drive market   146

7.3.4      CONSUMER ELECTRONICS        148

7.3.4.1   Rising demand for interconnected electronic gadgets

to propel market  148

7.3.4.2   Residential           150

7.3.4.3   Commercial         150

7.3.5      DEFENSE & SECURITY   151

7.3.5.1   Escalating demand for highly secure communication networks to drive market              151

7.3.6      VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION             152

7.3.6.1   Growing adoption of VLC in intelligent transportation systems

to drive market    152

7.3.6.2   Vehicle-to-vehicle communication   155

7.3.6.3   Location-based service      155

7.3.6.4   Intelligent transportation system      156

7.3.6.4.1 Advanced traffic management system            156

7.3.6.4.2 Advanced traveler information system           156

7.3.6.4.3 Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication      157

7.3.6.4.4 Advanced public transportation system          157

7.3.7      AVIATION         158

7.3.7.1   Rising preference for radiation-free communication in aircraft

to fuel market      158

7.3.8      HOSPITALS       160

7.3.8.1   Increasing use of e-healthcare solutions to support market growth           160

7.3.8.2   Asset tracking      162

7.3.8.3   Patient tracking   162

7.3.8.4   Data monitoring  162

7.3.9      UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION         162

7.3.9.1   Urgent need to overcome limitations of communication systems to drive market              162

7.3.10    HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS 164

7.3.10.1 Increasing demand for safer communication modes to propel market       164

7.3.11    OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS          166

7.3.11.1 Museums             168

7.3.11.2 Digital signages   168

7.3.11.3 Hotels & casinos  168

7.3.11.4 Logistics 168

7.4         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION 169

7.4.1      INTRODUCTION            169

7.4.2      NORTH AMERICA          171

7.4.2.1   Macroeconomic outlook for North America   173

7.4.2.2   US         173

7.4.2.2.1 Increasing demand for alternative communication technologies to accelerate growth   173

7.4.2.3   Canada  174

7.4.2.3.1 Commercial and industrial applications enhancing data transmission speeds and network reliability to fuel market     174

7.4.2.4   Mexico  174

7.4.2.4.1 Favorable economic conditions, expanding consumer base, government incentives, and technological advancements to drive market          174

7.4.3      EUROPE             175

7.4.3.1   Macroeconomic outlook for Europe 177

7.4.3.2   Germany             178

7.4.3.2.1 Automotive, manufacturing, and technology sectors to fuel market growth              178

7.4.3.3   France   178

7.4.3.3.1 Presence of prominent players to boost market growth 178

7.4.3.4   UK         179

7.4.3.4.1 Presence of leading research institutions and key market players to drive market              179

7.4.3.5   Rest of Europe     179

7.4.4      ASIA PACIFIC    180

7.4.4.1   Macroeconomic outlook for Asia Pacific         182

7.4.4.2   China     182

7.4.4.2.1 Rapid urbanization, technological advancements, and increasing demand for high-speed wireless connectivity to drive market    182

7.4.4.3   Japan     183

7.4.4.3.1 Demand for underwater communications and intelligent transportation systems to propel market  183

7.4.4.4   South Korea        183

7.4.4.4.1 Technological advancements, increased consumer demand, and evolving regulatory frameworks to drive market           183

7.4.4.5   Rest of Asia Pacific            184

7.4.5      ROW     184

7.4.5.1   Macroeconomic outlook for RoW     186

7.4.5.2   South America     186

7.4.5.2.1 Early adoption of VLC/Li-Fi technology in Brazil to drive market            186

7.4.5.3   Middle East & Africa          187

7.4.5.3.1 Strong need for reliable communication equipment from oil & gas industry to contribute to market growth            187

7.4.5.3.2 GCC countries     187

7.4.5.3.3 Africa & Rest of Middle East            187

8            COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE       188

8.1         INTRODUCTION            188

8.2         KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021–2023     188

8.3         REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021–2023 190

8.4         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023             190

8.5         COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS        194

8.6         PRODUCT COMPARISON           195

8.7         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023   195

8.7.1      STARS  195

8.7.2      EMERGING LEADERS    195

8.7.3      PERVASIVE PLAYERS     196

8.7.4      PARTICIPANTS 196

8.7.5      COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023      197

8.7.5.1   Company footprint            197

8.7.5.2   Region footprint  198

8.7.5.3   Component footprint         199

8.7.5.4   Application footprint         200

8.8         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023          201

8.8.1      PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES       201

8.8.2      RESPONSIVE COMPANIES          201

8.8.3      DYNAMIC COMPANIES 201

8.8.4      STARTING BLOCKS       201

8.8.5      COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023             203

8.8.5.1   Detailed list of key startups/SMEs   203

8.8.5.2   Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs        204

8.9         COMPETITIVE SCENARIO          205

8.9.1      PRODUCT LAUNCHES  205

8.9.2      EXPANSIONS    205

9            COMPANY PROFILES    206

9.1         INTRODUCTION            206

9.2         KEY PLAYERS   206

9.2.1      SIGNIFY HOLDING        206

9.2.1.1   Business overview 206

9.2.1.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 208

9.2.1.3   Recent developments         209

9.2.1.3.1 Deals     209

9.2.1.3.2 Expansions          209

9.2.1.4   MnM view           210

9.2.1.4.1 Right to win         210

9.2.1.4.2 Strategic choices  210

9.2.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 210

9.2.2      LUCIBEL SA       211

9.2.2.1   Business overview 211

9.2.2.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 213

9.2.2.3   Recent developments         214

9.2.2.3.1 Product launches 214

9.2.2.4   MnM view           214

9.2.2.4.1 Right to win         214

9.2.2.4.2 Strategic choices  214

9.2.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 214

9.2.3      FSONA NETWORKS CORP.         215

9.2.3.1   Business overview 215

9.2.3.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 215

9.2.3.3   MnM view           217

9.2.3.3.1 Right to win         217

9.2.3.3.2 Strategic choices  217

9.2.3.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 217

9.2.4      WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED          218

9.2.4.1   Business overview 218

9.2.4.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 218

9.2.4.3   MnM view           219

9.2.4.3.1 Right to win         219

9.2.4.3.2 Strategic choices  219

9.2.4.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 219

9.2.5      OLEDCOMM     220

9.2.5.1   Business overview 220

9.2.5.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 220

9.2.5.3   Recent developments         221

9.2.5.3.1 Product launches 221

9.2.5.4   MnM view           222

9.2.5.4.1 Right to win         222

9.2.5.4.2 Strategic choices  222

9.2.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 222

9.2.6      PURELIFI           223

9.2.6.1   Business overview 223

9.2.6.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 223

9.2.6.3   Recent developments         225

9.2.6.3.1 Product launches 225

9.2.6.3.2 Deals     225

9.2.7      ACUITY BRANDS, INC.   226

9.2.7.1   Business overview 226

9.2.7.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 227

9.2.7.3   Recent developments         228

9.2.7.3.1 Deals     228

9.2.7.3.2 Other developments          228

9.2.8      PANASONIC CORPORATION     229

9.2.8.1   Business overview 229

9.2.8.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 230

9.2.9      FRAUNHOFER HHI        231

9.2.9.1   Business overview 231

9.2.9.2   Products/Solutions/Services offered 232

9.2.10    TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT.           233

9.2.10.1 Business overview 233

9.2.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 233

9.3         OTHER KEY PLAYERS    234

9.3.1      JSC MOSTCOM 234

9.3.2      LVX SYSTEM     235

9.3.3      LIGHTBEE         236

9.3.4      VELMENNI        237

9.3.5      VLNCOMM        238

9.3.6      IRNAS D.O.O.    239

9.3.7      NEXTLIFI           240

9.3.8      INFINITY TECHNOLOGY SERVICES LIMITED     241

9.3.9      AIRLINX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.         242

9.3.10    EC SYSTEM       243

9.3.11    CACI INTERNATIONAL INC        244

9.3.12    REDLINE INFRASTRUCTURE     245

9.3.13    GLOBAL LIFI TECH       246

9.3.14    LUMEFFICIENT 247

9.3.15    AXIOM OPTICS 248

10          APPENDIX         249

10.1       DISCUSSION GUIDE      249

10.2       KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL             252

10.3       CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS      254

10.4       RELATED REPORTS       254

10.5       AUTHOR DETAILS         255

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1             USE OF RF VS. FSO TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE PROGRAMS              57

TABLE 2             POWER LOSS IN FSO SYSTEMS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFERENCE 60

TABLE 3             INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI SOLUTIONS, 2024              63

TABLE 4             INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024 (USD)    64

TABLE 5             INDICATIVE PRICING/UNIT OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI COMPONENT, BY REGION, 2024            64

TABLE 6             ROLE OF PLAYERS IN ECOSYSTEM         68

TABLE 7             MAJOR PATENTS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI TECHNOLOGIES            76

TABLE 8             IMPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND)       79

TABLE 9             EXPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND)       80

TABLE 10           MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED

IN ARGENTINA, 2024     80

TABLE 11           MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED

IN ECUADOR, 2024         81

TABLE 12           MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED

IN GUYANA, 2024           81

TABLE 13           NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 81

TABLE 14           EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82

TABLE 15           ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82

TABLE 16           ROW: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82

TABLE 17           NORTH AMERICA: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET        83

TABLE 18           EUROPE: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET            83

TABLE 19           ASIA PACIFIC: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET        83

TABLE 20           ROW: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET            84

TABLE 21           FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025      84

TABLE 22           IMPACT OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ON FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET            85

TABLE 23           INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS

FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS (%)           87

TABLE 24           INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS

FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS (%) 88

TABLE 25           KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS              89

TABLE 26           KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 89

TABLE 27           FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              92

TABLE 28           FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              92

TABLE 29           FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              94

TABLE 30           FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              95

TABLE 31           TECHNOLOGIES IN MOBILE BACKHAUL            96

TABLE 32           MOBILE USER ACCOMODATION CAPACITY OF VARIOUS MOBILE BACKHAUL TECHNOLOGIES   96

TABLE 33           ADVANTAGES OF FSO FOR MOBILE CARRIER BACKHAUL              97

TABLE 34           FSO MARKET FOR MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  97

TABLE 35           FSO MARKET FOR MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  97

TABLE 36           FSO MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  98

TABLE 37           FSO MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  98

TABLE 38           FSO MARKET FOR DISASTER RECOVERY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  99

TABLE 39           FSO MARKET FOR DISASTER RECOVERY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  99

TABLE 40           FSO MARKET FOR DEFENSE OPERATIONS APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  100

TABLE 41           FSO MARKET FOR DEFENSE OPERATIONS APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  100

TABLE 42           FSO MARKET FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  101

TABLE 43           FSO MARKET FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  101

TABLE 44           FSO MARKET FOR HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  102

TABLE 45           FSO MARKET FOR HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  102

TABLE 46           FSO MARKET FOR SECURITY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  103

TABLE 47           FSO MARKET FOR SECURITY APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  103

TABLE 48           FSO MARKET FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  104

TABLE 49           FSO MARKET FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN APPLICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  104

TABLE 50           FSO MARKET FOR OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  105

TABLE 51           FSO MARKET FOR OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  105

TABLE 52           FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 107

TABLE 53           FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 108

TABLE 54           FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)    111

TABLE 55           FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)    111

TABLE 56           NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          112

TABLE 57           NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          113

TABLE 58           NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 113

TABLE 59           NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 113

TABLE 60           EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          116

TABLE 61           EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          117

TABLE 62           EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          117

TABLE 63           EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          118

TABLE 64           ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          121

TABLE 65           ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          121

TABLE 66           ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          121

TABLE 67           ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          122

TABLE 68           ROW: FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              124

TABLE 69           ROW: FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              124

TABLE 70           MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     124

TABLE 71           MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     124

TABLE 72           ROW: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 73           ROW: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 74           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          129

TABLE 75           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          129

TABLE 76           COMPARISON OF LED, INCANDESCENT, AND FLUORESCENT LAMPS 130

TABLE 77           CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHORUS LEDS       131

TABLE 78           CHARACTERISTICS OF RGB LEDS           131

TABLE 79           CHARACTERISTICS OF RCLEDS 132

TABLE 80           CHARACTERISTICS OF OLEDS  132

TABLE 81           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR LEDS, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 133

TABLE 82           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR LEDS, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 133

TABLE 83           COMPARISON OF CCD AND CMOS SENSORS      134

TABLE 84           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR PHOTODETECTORS,

BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     135

TABLE 85           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR PHOTODETECTORS,

BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     135

TABLE 86           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR MICROCONTROLLERS,

BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     138

TABLE 87           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR MICROCONTROLLERS,

BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     138

TABLE 88           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SOFTWARE, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     139

TABLE 89           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SOFTWARE, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     140

TABLE 90           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          141

TABLE 91           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          141

TABLE 92           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          144

TABLE 93           VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          144

TABLE 94           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      145

TABLE 95           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      145

TABLE 96           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 146

TABLE 97           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 146

TABLE 98           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      147

TABLE 99           VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      147

TABLE 100         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 147

TABLE 101         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 147

TABLE 102         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      148

TABLE 103         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      149

TABLE 104         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  149

TABLE 105         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  149

TABLE 106         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY CONSUMER ELECTRONICS APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              150

TABLE 107         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,

BY CONSUMER ELECTRONICS APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              150

TABLE 108         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      151

TABLE 109         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      151

TABLE 110         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  152

TABLE 111         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  152

TABLE 112         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      153

TABLE 113         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      153

TABLE 114         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  153

TABLE 115         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  154

TABLE 116         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION, BY VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              154

TABLE 117         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION, BY VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              154

TABLE 118         COMPARISON OF POSITION DETECTION WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES            155

TABLE 119         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     159

TABLE 120         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     159

TABLE 121         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          159

TABLE 122         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          159

TABLE 123         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     160

TABLE 124         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     160

TABLE 125         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 161

TABLE 126         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 161

TABLE 127         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY HOSPITAL APPLICATION,

2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          161

TABLE 128         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY HOSPITAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          161

TABLE 129         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      163

TABLE 130         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      163

TABLE 131         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  164

TABLE 132         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  164

TABLE 133         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      165

TABLE 134         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      165

TABLE 135         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  165

TABLE 136         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  166

TABLE 137         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)      166

TABLE 138         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)      166

TABLE 139         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  167

TABLE 140         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  167

TABLE 141         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          167

TABLE 142         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          168

TABLE 143         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)              169

TABLE 144         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)              170

TABLE 145         NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 172

TABLE 146         NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 172

TABLE 147         NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     172

TABLE 148         NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     173

TABLE 149         EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          176

TABLE 150         EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          176

TABLE 151         EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 176

TABLE 152         EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 177

TABLE 153         ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 181

TABLE 154         ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 181

TABLE 155         ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 181

TABLE 156         ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 182

TABLE 157         ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          184

TABLE 158         ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          184

TABLE 159         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          185

TABLE 160         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          185

TABLE 161         ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          185

TABLE 162         ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          186

TABLE 163         OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET    188

TABLE 164         VLC/LI-FI MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION             191

TABLE 165         FSO MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION         192

TABLE 166         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT             198

TABLE 167         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPONENT FOOTPRINT   199

TABLE 168         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT  200

TABLE 169         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES           203

TABLE 170         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF

KEY STARTUPS/SMES   204

TABLE 171         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES,

JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024           205

TABLE 172         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024 205

TABLE 173         SIGNIFY HOLDING: COMPANY OVERVIEW         207

TABLE 174         SIGNIFY HOLDING: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          208

TABLE 175         SIGNIFY HOLDING: DEALS, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024              209

TABLE 176         SIGNIFY HOLDING: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024      209

TABLE 177         LUCIBEL SA: COMPANY OVERVIEW       211

TABLE 178         LUCIBEL SA: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              213

TABLE 179         LUCIBEL SA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024 214

TABLE 180         FSONA NETWORKS CORP.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          215

TABLE 181         FSONA NETWORKS CORP.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          215

TABLE 182         WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW              218

TABLE 183         WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED   218

TABLE 184         OLEDCOMM: COMPANY OVERVIEW      220

TABLE 185         OLEDCOMM: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              220

TABLE 186         OLEDCOMM: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024 221

TABLE 187         PURELIFI: COMPANY OVERVIEW            223

TABLE 188         PURELIFI: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              223

TABLE 189         PURELIFI: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024      225

TABLE 190         PURELIFI: DEALS, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024      225

TABLE 191         ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW   226

TABLE 192         ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          227

TABLE 193         ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: DEALS, JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024      228

TABLE 194         ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: OTHERS DEVELOPMENTS,

JANUARY 2021−SEPTEMBER 2024           228

TABLE 195         PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW      229

TABLE 196         PANASONIC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED   230

TABLE 197         FRAUNHOFER HHI: COMPANY OVERVIEW         231

TABLE 198         FRAUNHOFER HHI: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          232

TABLE 199         TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT.: COMPANY OVERVIEW           233

TABLE 200         TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          233

TABLE 201         JSC MOSTCOM: COMPANY OVERVIEW  234

TABLE 202         LVX SYSTEM: COMPANY OVERVIEW      235

TABLE 203         LIGHTBEE: COMPANY OVERVIEW          236

TABLE 204         VELMENNI: COMPANY OVERVIEW         237

TABLE 205         VLNCOMM: COMPANY OVERVIEW        238

TABLE 206         IRNAS D.O.O.: COMPANY OVERVIEW     239

TABLE 207         NEXTLIFI: COMPANY OVERVIEW           240

TABLE 208         INFINITY TECHNOLOGY SERVICES LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW        241

TABLE 209         AIRLINX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW              242

TABLE 210         EC SYSTEM: COMPANY OVERVIEW        243

TABLE 211         CACI INTERNATIONAL INC: COMPANY OVERVIEW        244

TABLE 212         REDLINE INFRASTRUCTURE: COMPANY OVERVIEW      245

TABLE 213         GLOBAL LIFI TECH: COMPANY OVERVIEW        246

TABLE 214         LUMEFFICIENT: COMPANY OVERVIEW 247

TABLE 215         AXIOM OPTICS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 248

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1           FSO & VLC LI-FI MARKET SEGMENTATION        28

FIGURE 2           FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN  33

FIGURE 3           RESEARCH FLOW OF MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION           39

FIGURE 4           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 1 BOTTOM-UP

(SUPPLY SIDE)—REVENUE GENERATED BY COMPANIES IN FSO

& VLC/LI-FI MARKET    40

FIGURE 5           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH       41

FIGURE 6           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH       41

FIGURE 7           DATA TRIANGULATION: FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET        42

FIGURE 8           MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION TO DOMINATE FSO MARKET DURING

FORECAST PERIOD       45

FIGURE 9           SOFTWARE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029           46

FIGURE 10         VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS APPLICATION TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029     47

FIGURE 11         FSO & VLC /LI-FI MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC TO GROW AT HIGHEST RATE 48

FIGURE 12         GROWING DEMAND FOR HIGH-SPEED INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

TO DRIVE FSO MARKET             49

FIGURE 13         INCREASING USE OF SMART LIGHTING SOLUTIONS TO ACCELERATE

VLC/LI-FI MARKET GROWTH    49

FIGURE 14         BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION SEGMENT TO RECORD HIGHER CAGR

BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029           50

FIGURE 15         MOBILE BACKHAUL AND SMART STORES APPLICATIONS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARES OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKETS, RESPECTIVELY, IN 2024 50

FIGURE 16         FSO MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING

FORECAST PERIOD       51

FIGURE 17         VLC/LI-FI MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD        51

FIGURE 18         DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN FSO MARKET             52

FIGURE 19         DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN VLC/LI-FI MARKET   53

FIGURE 20         IMPACT OF DRIVERS ON FSO MARKET 54

FIGURE 21         SALES OF GLOBAL RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING, BY TECHNOLOGY IN NET ZERO SCENARIO, 2020–2030        55

FIGURE 22         IMPACT OF DRIVERS ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET     56

FIGURE 23         IMPACT OF RESTRAINTS ON FSO MARKET        56

FIGURE 24         IMPACT OF RESTRAINTS ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET            57

FIGURE 25         IMPACT OF OPPORTUNITIES ON FSO MARKET 58

FIGURE 26         IMPACT OF OPPORTUNITIES ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET    59

FIGURE 27         IMPACT OF CHALLENGES ON FSO MARKET       61

FIGURE 28         IMPACT OF CHALLENGES ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET          61

FIGURE 29         TRENDS INFLUENCING FSO & VLC/LI-FI BUSINESS OWNERS              62

FIGURE 30         INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024  63

FIGURE 31         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS       65

FIGURE 32         FSO & VLC/LI-FI ECOSYSTEM    67

FIGURE 33         FUNDS RAISED BY COMPANIES IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET              69

FIGURE 34         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: IMPACT OF AI            71

FIGURE 35         PATENT APPLICANTS AND OWNERS IN FSO MARKET   74

FIGURE 36         PATENT APPLICANTS AND OWNERS IN VLC/LI-FI MARKET              75

FIGURE 37         IMPORT DATA FOR PRODUCTS COVERED UNDER HS CODE 853950,

BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND)       78

FIGURE 38         EXPORT DATA FOR PRODUCTS COVERED UNDER HS CODE 853950,

BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND)       79

FIGURE 39         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS              85

FIGURE 40         INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR

TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS            87

FIGURE 41         INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR

TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS  88

FIGURE 42         KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS              88

FIGURE 43         KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 89

FIGURE 44         FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT 91

FIGURE 45         MODULATORS & DEMODULATORS SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR

IN FSO MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    91

FIGURE 46         FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION             93

FIGURE 47         HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR

DURING FORECAST PERIOD     94

FIGURE 48         FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL      106

FIGURE 49         IT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS VERTICAL TO LEAD FSO MARKET

DURING FORECAST PERIOD     107

FIGURE 50         FSO MARKET, BY REGION          110

FIGURE 51         NORTH AMERICA FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT       112

FIGURE 52         EUROPE FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT         116

FIGURE 53         ASIA PACIFIC FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT 120

FIGURE 54         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT    128

FIGURE 55         SOFTWARE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE VLC/LI-FI MARKET DURING

FORECAST PERIOD       128

FIGURE 56         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE    140

FIGURE 57         BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER GROWTH

RATE DURING FORECAST PERIOD         141

FIGURE 58         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION   143

FIGURE 59         HOSPITALS SEGMENT TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD       143

FIGURE 60         VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION 169

FIGURE 61         NORTH AMERICA VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT           171

FIGURE 62         EUROPE VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT             175

FIGURE 63         ASIA PACIFIC VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT    180

FIGURE 64         REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP MARKET PLAYERS, 2021–2023              190

FIGURE 65         VLC/LI-FI MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2023              191

FIGURE 66         FSO MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2023  192

FIGURE 67         VALUATION AND FINANCIAL MATRIX OF KEY PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET    194

FIGURE 68         ENTERPRISE VALUE/EBITDA OF KEY PLAYERS 194

FIGURE 69         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: TOP TRENDING PRODUCTS 195

FIGURE 70         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023   196

FIGURE 71         FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT         197

FIGURE 72         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023              202

FIGURE 73         SIGNIFY HOLDING: COMPANY SNAPSHOT         207

FIGURE 74         LUCIBEL SA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT       212

FIGURE 75         ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT   227

FIGURE 76         PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT      230