自動車用サスペンション市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測

Automotive Suspension Market - Global Forecast to 2032

Automotive Suspension Market by Architecture (MacPherson Strut, Double Wishbone, Multilink, Twist Beam, Leaf Spring, Air Suspension), System, Actuation, Component, Vehicle (ICE, Electric, Off-Highway, ATV), Aftermarket, & Region – Global Forecast to 2032

商品番号 : SMB-18888

出版社MarketsandMarkets
出版年月2025年11月
ページ数396
図表数496
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

自動車用サスペンション市場 – アーキテクチャ(マクファーソンストラット、ダブルウィッシュボーン、マルチリンク、ツイストビーム、リーフスプリング、エアサスペンション)、システム、アクチュエーション、コンポーネント、車両(内燃機関、電気自動車、オフハイウェイ、ATV)、アフターマーケット、地域別 – 2032年までの世界予測

自動車用サスペンション市場は、2025年の399.1億米ドルから2032年には424.3億米ドルに拡大し、予測期間中は年平均成長率0.9%で成長すると予測されています。SUV、電気自動車、高級車の世界的な販売台数の増加がサスペンション市場を牽引しています。さらに、バスやトラックにおけるエアサスペンションシステムの採用増加も、先進サスペンションシステム市場の成長を牽引しています。

エアサスペンション市場は2025年も拡大を続けると予想されています。この成長は、特に北米とヨーロッパにおける高級バス、プレミアムコーチ、大型トラック、電気バスの採用増加に牽引されています。これらの地域では、ダイムラー、ボルボ、スカニアなどのOEMが長距離運行における乗り心地、安全性、荷重適応安定性を重視しています。ボルボFHやフレイトライナー・カスケーディアなどの大型トラックでは、壊れやすい貨物を保護し、ハンドリングを最適化するために、電子制御エアサスペンションの搭載が増えています。アジア太平洋地域ではコスト重視のため、現在採用率が低いものの、中国やインドの高級都市間バスや先進的な物流車両では、快適性への消費者の期待と都市部貨物の需要に後押しされ、これらのシステムが急速に採用されています。軽量素材、モジュラー式エアスプリング、電子安定システムとの統合におけるイノベーションは、性能と耐久性の向上に継続的に貢献しており、エアサスペンションは世界的に乗用車と商用車の両方のセグメントにおいて重要な差別化要因としての地位を確立しています。

調査範囲

この調査では、自動車用サスペンション市場を分類し、システム(パッシブサスペンション、セミアクティブサスペンション、アクティブサスペンション)、アクティブサスペンション市場、アクチュエーション(油圧作動式および電子作動式)、アーキテクチャ(マクファーソンストラット、ダブルウィッシュボーン、マルチリンク、ツイストビーム/トーションビーム、リーフスプリングサスペンション、エアサスペンション)、OE市場、コンポーネント(コイルスプリング、エアスプリング、ショックダンパー、ストラット、コントロールアーム、ボールジョイント、ラバーブッシング、リーフスプリング、スタビライザー/リンクスタビライザー)、アフターマーケット、コンポーネント(ショックアブソーバー、ストラット、ボールジョイント、リーフスプリング、コントロールアーム、コイルスプリング)、車両タイプ(乗用車、小型商用車、トラック、バス)、電気およびハイブリッド乗用車サスペンション、アーキテクチャ(リーフスプリングサスペンション、エアサスペンション、ダブルウィッシュボーン、マクファーソンストラット、マルチリンク、ツイストビーム/トーションビーム)、電気およびハイブリッドトラックおよびバスサスペンション、車両タイプ(トラックおよびバス)、オフハイウェイ用途(建設、鉱業、農業)に基づいて市場規模を予測しています。車両の種類(トラクター)、全地形対応車、および地域(アジア太平洋、北米、ヨーロッパ、その他の地域)を指定します。

このレポートを購入する主なメリット

本調査は、主要市場プレーヤーの包括的な競合分析を提供し、企業プロフィール、製品および事業内容に関する主要な洞察、最近の動向、主要な市場戦略などを網羅しています。本レポートは、市場リーダー企業および新規参入企業にとって、自動車サスペンション市場全体とそのサブセグメントの収益予測に役立ちます。また、ステークホルダーが競争環境を理解し、事業のポジショニングを改善し、効果的な市場開拓戦略を策定するための知見を深めるのに役立ちます。さらに、本レポートは主要な市場牽引要因、制約要因、課題、機会に関する情報も提供しており、ステークホルダーが市場動向に関する最新情報を常に把握できるよう支援します。

本レポートは、以下の点について洞察を提供します。

自動車用サスペンション市場の成長に影響を与える主要な推進要因(プレミアムSUVおよびピックアップトラックの堅調な需要、車両および乗員の安全性と排出ガス規制への規制圧力)、制約要因(非プレミアムセグメントにおけるシステムコストとROIの比率)、機会(スマート/コネクテッドサスペンションとADASおよびSDVの統合、現地生産およびサプライチェーンの機会)、課題(電気自動車におけるサスペンション重量と航続距離効率のバランス)の分析。

  • 製品開発/イノベーション:自動車サスペンション市場における今後の技術、研究開発活動、新製品投入に関する詳細な洞察。
  • 市場開発:有望な市場に関する包括的な情報。本レポートでは、様々な地域における自動車サスペンションを分析しています。
  • 市場多様化:自動車用サスペンション市場における新製品、未開拓地域、最近の動向、投資に関する包括的な情報。
  • 競合評価:Continental AG(ドイツ)、ZF Friedrichshafen AG(ドイツ)、ThyssenKrupp AG(ドイツ)、KYB株式会社(日本)、Tenneco Inc.(米国)といった主要企業の市場シェア、成長戦略、サービス提供に関する詳細な評価。

Report Description

The automotive suspension market is expected to grow from USD 39.91 billion in 2025 to USD 42.43 billion by 2032, at a CAGR of 0.9% during the forecast period. Rising global sales of SUVs, electric vehicles, and luxury cars are driving the suspension market. Additionally, the increasing adoption of air suspension systems in buses and trucks is driving the growth of the advanced suspension systems market.

自動車用サスペンション市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測
Automotive Suspension Market – Global Forecast to 2032

The air suspension market is expected to continue expanding in 2025. The growth is driven by the increased adoption of luxury buses, premium coaches, heavy-duty trucks, and electric buses, particularly in North America and Europe, where OEMs like Daimler, Volvo, and Scania prioritize ride quality, safety, and load adaptive stability for long-haul operations. Heavy-duty trucks, such as the Volvo FH and Freightliner Cascadia, increasingly integrate electronically controlled air suspensions to protect fragile cargo and optimize handling. Although Asia Pacific adoption is currently lower due to cost sensitivity, premium intercity buses and advanced logistics vehicles in China and India are rapidly adopting these systems, fueled by consumer expectations for comfort and urban freight demands. Innovations in lightweight materials, modular air springs, and integration with electronic stability systems continue to enhance performance and durability, establishing air suspension as a key differentiator in both the passenger and commercial segments globally.

“Passenger cars is the largest market for automotive suspension during the forecast period.”

The passenger cars segment remains the largest in the global automotive suspension market, driven by high production volumes, the popularity of SUVs and premium vehicles, and growing demand for ride comfort and handling. Most hatchbacks, sedans, and mid-size SUVs utilize MacPherson strut front suspensions due to their simple design, compact & lightweight structure, cost efficiency, and ease of integration into modular platforms. Whereas high-end SUVs and coupes adopt double wishbone systems for superior handling and stability. The double wishbone suspension is commonly found in high-performance and luxury vehicle segments from brands like BMW, Lexus, and Mercedes-Benz, among others.

At the rear, torsion beams dominate compact and mid-range cars, offering space efficiency and affordability, especially in Asia, Europe, and the RoW markets. In contrast, multilink suspensions are common in premium and performance SUVs in North America, Europe, and luxury Asian markets, providing better comfort and control. Air suspensions, still limited to ultra-premium vehicles, enhance NVH and adaptive handling, with brands like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, and Hyundai integrating semi-active and active damping in flagship models. Overall, MacPherson and torsion beam systems lead the mass-market segment, while double wishbone, multilink, and air suspensions define the premium category; this trend is expected to continue in the coming years.

自動車用サスペンション市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測 - by type
Automotive Suspension Market – Global Forecast to 2032 – by type

“Growth in electric vehicle sales to drive the demand for suspension systems.”

The EV segment is emerging as one of the fastest-growing markets for automotive suspension systems in 2025, driven by accelerating global EV adoption, government incentives, and stricter emissions regulations. Electric passenger vehicles account for the highest demand among alternative powertrain vehicles. For the electric cars segment, compact and mid-size EVs predominantly use MacPherson strut front suspensions with torsion beam or multilink rear setups, similar to the technologies adopted for ICE counterparts. Alternatively, premium EVs and performance models such as the BMW i5, Porsche Taycan Cross Turismo, Lucid Air, and Tesla Model S/X increasingly deploy multilink suspensions to manage battery weight and optimize ride comfort. In electric passenger cars, key suspension technologies include lightweight multilink setups with integrated composite control arms and electronically controlled dampers that optimize ride comfort and handling while minimizing energy consumption. Innovations such as electromagnetic actuators and predictive suspension control, featured in models like the Tesla Model S and Porsche Taycan, differentiate by enhancing dynamic response and battery range. For electric buses, air suspension dominates (>90%) due to its superior passenger comfort and load adaptability, which is achieved by integrating modular air spring systems with electronic height control. Electric trucks combine traditional robust parabolic leaf springs with emerging electrohydraulic and semi-active damping systems to balance heavy payload demands and improve drivetrain efficiency, as exemplified by Volvo’s electric FH series. The global shift toward EVs, combined with rising consumer expectations for ride quality and premium driving experiences, is driving robust demand for advanced, weight-optimized suspension architectures across the EV market.

自動車用サスペンション市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測 - 地域
Automotive Suspension Market – Global Forecast to 2032 – region

“North America is expected to be the second-largest market during the forecast period.”

In North America, passenger cars primarily utilize MacPherson struts at the front and multilink suspensions at the rear to enhance ride quality and handling. This design is evident in models such as the Tesla Model 3 and Cadillac CT4. For pickups and light commercial vehicles (LCVs), double wishbone and multilink front suspensions are preferred for enhanced load management and improved off-road performance, while rear setups typically feature torsion beams and leaf springs. Heavy-duty trucks mainly depend on parabolic and semi-elliptical leaf springs. Similarly, intercity buses also employ these robust mechanical suspensions, although air suspension is typically reserved for premium models. EVs across various segments emphasize the use of lightweight multilink and composite components, along with electronic damping systems, to effectively balance battery weight and optimize efficiency. The North American market is rapidly advancing in adaptive and integrated suspension technologies, presenting opportunities for OEMs and aftermarket providers to develop smart, durable solutions specifically tailored for electrified and commercial vehicle platforms.

In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market.

  • By Company Type: OEMs – 30% and Automotive Suspension Manufacturers – 70%
  • By Designation: C-level – 35%, Director Level – 55%, and Others – 10%
  • By Region: North America – 20%, Europe – 45%, Asia Pacific – 30%, and the Rest of the World – 5%
自動車用サスペンション市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測 - 対象企業
Automotive Suspension Market – Global Forecast to 2032 – ecosystem

The automotive suspension market is dominated by established players, including Continental AG (Germany), ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germany), ThyssenKrupp AG (Germany), KYB Corporation (Japan), and Tenneco Inc. (US). These companies actively manufacture and develop new and advanced rubber seals. They have set up R&D facilities and offer best-in-class products to their customers.

Research Coverage

The study segments the automotive suspension market and forecasts the market size based on system (passive suspension, semi-active suspension, and active suspension), active suspension market, actuation (hydraulically actuated and electronically actuated), architecture (MacPherson strut, double wishbone, multilink, twist beam/torsion beam, leaf spring suspension, air suspension), OE market, component (coil spring, air spring, shock dampener, strut, control arm, ball joint, rubber bushing, leaf spring, and sway bar/link stabilizer), aftermarket, component (shock absorber, strut, ball joint, leaf spring, control arm, coil spring), vehicle type (passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks, and buses), electric & hybrid passenger car suspension, architecture (leaf spring suspension, air suspension, double wishbone, MacPherson strut, multilink, twist beam/torsion beam), electric & hybrid trucks and buses suspension, vehicle type (trucks and buses), off-highway application (construction & mining and agricultural tractors), all-terrain vehicles, and region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, and the Rest of the World).

Key Benefits of Purchasing this Report

The study provides a comprehensive competitive analysis of key market players, including their company profiles, key insights into product and business offerings, recent developments, and primary market strategies. The report will assist market leaders and new entrants with estimates of revenue figures for the overall automotive suspension market and its subsegments. It helps stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain additional insights to better position their businesses and develop effective go-to-market strategies. Additionally, the report provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, enabling stakeholders to stay informed about market dynamics.

The report provides insights into the following points:

  • Analysis of key drivers (strong premium SUV & pickup demand and regulatory pressure on vehicle & passenger safety & curb emissions), restraints (high system cost vs. ROI in non-premium segments), opportunities (integration of smart/connected suspensions with ADAS & SDVs and local manufacturing & supply chain opportunities), and challenges (balancing suspension weight and range efficiency in electric vehicles) influencing the growth of the automotive suspension market.
  • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the automotive suspension market.
  • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the automotive suspension across various regions.
  • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the automotive suspension market.
  • Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like Continental AG (Germany), ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germany), ThyssenKrupp AG (Germany), KYB Corporation (Japan), and Tenneco Inc. (US) in the market.

Table of Contents

1               INTRODUCTION              37

1.1           STUDY OBJECTIVES       37

1.2           MARKET DEFINITION   38

1.3           STUDY SCOPE   39

1.3.1        MARKET SEGMENTATION           39

1.3.2        INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS       40

1.4           YEARS CONSIDERED      40

1.5           CURRENCY CONSIDERED            40

1.6           UNIT CONSIDERED        41

1.7           STAKEHOLDERS               41

1.8           SUMMARY OF CHANGES               41

2               RESEARCH METHODOLOGY       43

2.1           RESEARCH DATA              43

2.1.1        SECONDARY DATA          45

2.1.1.1    List of key secondary sources referred to for estimating vehicle production             45

2.1.1.2    List of key secondary sources referred to for estimating automotive suspension market           45

2.1.1.3    Key data from secondary sources       46

2.1.2        PRIMARY DATA 46

2.1.2.1    Primary interviews: Demand and supply sides                47

2.1.2.2    Breakdown of primary interviews      47

2.1.2.3    Primary participants             47

2.2           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION         48

2.2.1        BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              49

2.2.2        TOP-DOWN APPROACH                50

2.3           DATA TRIANGULATION                52

2.4           FACTOR ANALYSIS          54

2.4.1        DEMAND- AND SUPPLY-SIDE FACTOR ANALYSIS                 54

2.5           RESEARCH LIMITATIONS             54

2.6           RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS & RISK ASSESSMENT 55

3               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  58

3.1           KEY INSIGHTS AND MARKET HIGHLIGHTS          58

3.2           KEY MARKET PARTICIPANTS: MAPPING OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS              59

3.3           DISRUPTIVE TRENDS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET   60

3.4           HIGH-GROWTH SEGMENTS        61

3.5           SNAPSHOT: REGIONAL MARKET SIZE, GROWTH RATE, AND FORECAST                62

4               PREMIUM INSIGHTS       63

4.1           ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET     63

4.2           AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM                 63

4.3           AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE                64

4.4           AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE                 64

4.5           AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT    65

4.6           AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT    65

4.7           ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE     66

4.8           ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE  66

4.9           ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION 67

4.10         OFF-HIGHWAY SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION                 67

4.11         ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION                68

4.12         AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION                 68

5               MARKET OVERVIEW       69

5.1           INTRODUCTION              69

5.2           MARKET DYNAMICS       69

5.2.1        DRIVERS               70

5.2.1.1    Rising demand for premium SUVs and pickup trucks   70

5.2.1.2    Regulatory pressure on vehicle and passenger safety and emissions                71

5.2.2        RESTRAINTS      72

5.2.2.1    High cost of suspension systems        72

5.2.3        OPPORTUNITIES              73

5.2.3.1    Integration of smart/connected suspension systems with ADAS and SDVs               73

5.2.3.2    Local manufacturing and supply chain opportunities     73

5.2.4        CHALLENGES    74

5.2.4.1    Balancing suspension weight and range efficiency in electric vehicles  74

5.3           UNMET NEEDS AND WHITE SPACES       75

5.4           INTERCONNECTED MARKETS AND CROSS-SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES              75

5.5           STRATEGIC MOVES BY TIER 1/2/3 PLAYERS         76

6               CUSTOMER LANDSCAPE & BUYER BEHAVIOR    78

6.1           DECISION-MAKING PROCESS     78

6.2           KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING EVALUATION CRITERIA             78

6.2.1        KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS           78

6.2.2        BUYING CRITERIA           80

6.3           ADOPTION BARRIERS & INTERNAL CHALLENGES                 81

6.4           MARKET PROFITABILITY             81

6.4.1        REVENUE POTENTIAL   81

6.4.2        COST DYNAMICS             82

7               REGULATORY LANDSCAPE         83

7.1           REGULATORY LANDSCAPE         83

7.1.1        REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS             83

7.1.2        GLOBAL SAFETY REGULATIONS               87

8               STRATEGIC DISRUPTION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY, PATENTS, DIGITAL,

AND AI ADOPTION         90

8.1           PATENT ANALYSIS          90

8.1.1        INTRODUCTION              90

8.1.1.1    Methodology         90

8.1.1.2    Document type     90

8.1.1.3    Insights  91

8.1.1.4    Legal status of patents         92

8.1.1.5    Jurisdiction analysis              92

8.1.1.6    Top applicants      93

8.1.1.7    List of patents       93

8.2           TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS             96

8.2.1        KEY TECHNOLOGIES     96

8.2.1.1    Active and semi-active suspension systems     96

8.2.1.2    In-wheel suspension technology        97

8.2.2        COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES       97

8.2.2.1    ADAS & sensor fusion integration     97

8.2.3        ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES       97

8.2.3.1    Lightweight materials and additive manufacturing         97

8.2.3.2    Regenerative suspension systems      97

8.3           TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT ROADMAP    98

8.4           FUTURE APPLICATIONS               99

8.5           IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET               100

8.5.1        TOP USE CASES OF AI IMPLEMENTATION AND MARKET POTENTIAL        100

8.5.2        BEST PRACTICES IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION DEVELOPMENT                101

8.5.3        AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: CASE STUDIES RELATED TO IMPLEMENTATION OF GEN AI       101

8.5.4        INTERCONNECTED ADJACENT MARKET ECOSYSTEM AND IMPACT ON MARKET PLAYERS        102

8.5.5        CLIENTS’ READINESS TO ADOPT GENERATIVE AI IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET     102

8.6           SUCCESS STORIES AND REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS                 102

8.6.1        ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN: AI-DRIVEN ADAPTIVE DAMPER CALIBRATION   102

8.6.2        KYB CORPORATION: PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRONIC DAMPERS                103

8.6.3        HITACHI ASTEMO: ELECTROHYDRAULIC ACTUATOR OPTIMIZATION                103

8.6.4        CONTINENTAL: SMART AIR SPRING WITH SENSOR INTEGRATION  103

8.7           REGIONAL AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION HOTSPOTS AND LOCALIZATION DYNAMICS              103

8.8           SUPPLY CHAIN RISKS IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION COMPONENTS  107

8.9           POLICY DRIVES SHAPING SUSPENSION SOURCING                 107

8.10         COST TRAJECTORY FOR NEXT-GEN SUSPENSION SYSTEMS              108

8.11         SHARE OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS IN BILL OF MATERIALS FOR EVS,

2025 VS. 2032       109

8.12         SUSPENSION SOURCING MODELS: MULTI-SUPPLIER VS. CAPTIVE DESIGN             110

8.13         UPCOMING VEHICLE LAUNCHES AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR SUSPENSION SYSTEMS    111

9               INDUSTRY TRENDS         113

9.1           MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS              113

9.1.1        INTRODUCTION              113

9.1.2        GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST   113

9.1.3        TRENDS IN GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE INDUSTRY                 114

9.1.4        TRENDS IN GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY  114

9.2           ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  115

9.2.1        RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS         115

9.2.2        COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS              115

9.2.3        SYSTEM INTEGRATORS/SUSPENSION MANUFACTURERS           116

9.2.4        OEM ASSEMBLY                116

9.2.5        AFTERMARKET AND REPLACEMENT PART PROVIDERS                 116

9.3           SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             118

9.4           PRICING ANALYSIS          119

9.4.1        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS, BY REGION         119

9.4.2        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF TRUCK SUSPENSION ARCHITECTURE TYPES,

BY REGION         120

9.4.3        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE COMPONENTS, BY REGION      121

9.5           TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS            123

9.6           INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO               123

9.7           KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2025–2026              124

9.8           TRADE ANALYSIS             125

9.8.1        EXPORT SCENARIO         125

9.8.2        IMPORT SCENARIO         127

9.8.3        TRADE RESTRICTIONS  128

9.8.4        US-CHINA EXPORT BANS              129

9.8.5        EU SUBSIDY RACE            130

9.8.6        IMPACT OF LOCALIZATION POLICIES ON SOURCING                 130

9.8.7        CXO PRIORITIES               131

9.9           CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 132

9.9.1        LINK AND VOLVO ENGINEERING TEAMS COLLABORATED TO DEVELOP PROPRIETARY APPLICATION AND VALIDATE FUEL SAVINGS 132

9.9.2        EMPLOYEES OF HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C. IMPORTED CREO CAD GEOMETRY OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM              132

9.9.3        CONTINENTAL AG DEVELOPED HITEMP AIR SPRINGS, CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING TEMPERATURES 133

9.10         IMPACT OF US TARIFF  134

9.10.1      INTRODUCTION              134

9.10.2      KEY TARIFF RATES          134

9.10.3      PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS             135

9.10.4      IMPACT ON REGION/COUNTRY                135

9.10.5      IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES          136

10            ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION 138

10.1         INTRODUCTION              139

10.2         HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION                 141

10.2.1      HYDRAULIC SUSPENSION SYSTEMS REPLACE CONVENTIONAL COIL SPRINGS WITH AIR SPRINGS        141

10.3         ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION                 143

10.3.1      TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS DRIVING NEED FOR ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM                143

10.4         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             144

11            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT    145

11.1         INTRODUCTION              146

11.2         SHOCK ABSORBERS        148

11.2.1      SHOCK ABSORBERS ARE AMONG MOST FREQUENTLY REPLACED SUSPENSION COMPONENTS DUE TO NATURAL WEAR FROM CONTINUOUS DAMPING CYCLES  148

11.3         STRUTS                 150

11.3.1      GROWING VEHICLE SALES TO BOOST DEMAND FOR STRUTS                 150

11.4         BALL JOINTS      151

11.4.1      BALL JOINTS ARE UNIVERSALLY USED IN FRONT SUSPENSION     151

11.5         LEAF SPRINGS   153

11.5.1      ABILITY OF LEAF SPRINGS TO HANDLE HEAVY LOAD TO DRIVE THEIR DEMAND          153

11.6         CONTROL ARMS               154

11.6.1      ALUMINUM AND HYBRID COMPOSITE CONTROL ARMS TO GAIN POPULARITY AS LIGHTWEIGHT REPLACEMENTS COMPATIBLE WITH OE SPECIFICATIONS             154

11.7         COIL SPRINGS   156

11.7.1      COIL SPRINGS ALLOW MAXIMUM RANGE OF MOVEMENT IN SUSPENSION SYSTEM    156

11.8         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             157

12            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE                158

12.1         INTRODUCTION              159

12.2         MACPHERSON STRUT    161

12.2.1      COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND SIMPLE DESIGN MAKE MACPHERSON STRUT SUITABLE FOR PASSENGER CARS                 161

12.3         DOUBLE WISHBONE      163

12.3.1      COMPLEX DESIGN AND HIGH COST MAKE DOUBLE WISHBONE SUITABLE FOR PREMIUM VEHICLES                163

12.4         MULTILINK        166

12.4.1      MULTILINK SUSPENSION PROVIDES BETTER RIDE QUALITY AND HANDLING           166

12.5         TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM   168

12.5.1      DEMAND FOR TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM SUSPENSION IS LIMITED TO ECONOMIC CARS  168

12.6         LEAF SPRING     171

12.6.1      LEAF SPRINGS ARE PREFERRED IN HEAVY TRUCKS DUE TO THEIR HIGH LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY     171

12.7         AIR SUSPENSION              172

12.7.1      INCREASED DEMAND FOR CABIN COMFORT, BETTER CONTROL, AND STABILITY TO DRIVE MARKET 172

12.8         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             174

13            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM                 175

13.1         INTRODUCTION              176

13.2         PASSIVE                178

13.2.1      MACPHERSON STRUT AND DOUBLE WISHBONE ARE MOST COMMONLY USED PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN PASSENGER CARS      178

13.3         SEMI-ACTIVE     179

13.3.1      INCREASING DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CARS TO DRIVE MARKET FOR SEMI-ACTIVE SYSTEMS                179

13.4         ACTIVE 181

13.4.1      INCREASING DEMAND FOR ACTIVE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM IN BUSES TO DRIVE MARKET    181

13.5         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             183

14            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE                 184

14.1         INTRODUCTION              185

14.2         PASSENGER CARS             187

14.2.1      USE OF MACPHERSON STRUT IN PASSENGER CARS TO DRIVE MARKET 187

14.3         LCVS      188

14.3.1      DEMAND FOR MULTILINK ARCHITECTURE TO DRIVE MARKET FOR LCV SUSPENSION                188

14.4         TRUCKS                190

14.4.1      INCREASED USE OF TRUCKS IN MAJOR REGIONS TO DRIVE NEED FOR LEAF SPRING SUSPENSION     190

14.5         BUSES   191

14.5.1      AIR SUSPENSION OFFERS MAXIMUM COMFORT TO PASSENGERS     191

14.6         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             193

15            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT    194

15.1         INTRODUCTION              195

15.2         COIL SPRINGS   198

15.3         AIR SPRINGS      199

15.4         SHOCK ABSORBERS        201

15.5         STRUTS                 203

15.6         CONTROL ARMS               204

15.7         RUBBER BUSHINGS         206

15.8         LEAF SPRINGS   207

15.9         LINK STABILIZERS/SWAY BARS 209

15.10       BALL JOINTS      210

15.11       KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             212

16            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY ARCHITECTURE & REGION   213

16.1         INTRODUCTION              214

16.2         ELECTRIC & HYBRID SUSPENSION MARKET FOR BEVS, PHEVS, AND FCEVS,

BY ARCHITECTURE         216

16.2.1      BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES (BEVS), BY ARCHITECTURE                216

16.2.1.1  Active suspension systems to enhance driving performance of BEVs      216

16.2.2      PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (PHEVS), BY ARCHITECTURE                218

16.2.2.1  Demand for maximum comfort and safety in PHEVs to drive market for advanced suspension systems          218

16.2.3      FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FCEVS), BY ARCHITECTURE                220

16.2.3.1  Limited demand for FCEVs due to infrastructure challenges                 220

16.3         REGIONAL ELECTRIC & HYBRID SUSPENSION MARKET, BY PROPULSION               222

16.3.1      ASIA PACIFIC, BY PROPULSION 222

16.3.1.1  Advancements in battery technology and government support to drive BEV sales     222

16.3.2      EUROPE, BY PROPULSION           223

16.3.2.1  Demand for emission-free vehicles to drive electric & hybrid vehicle suspension market  223

16.3.3      NORTH AMERICA, BY PROPULSION        225

16.3.3.1  Technological advancements to fuel demand for advanced suspension systems               225

16.3.4      INDUSTRY INSIGHTS     226

17            ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE  227

17.1         INTRODUCTION              228

17.2         REGIONAL ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE        230

17.2.1      ASIA PACIFIC, BY VEHICLE TYPE               230

17.2.1.1  Need to scale zero-emission bus deployment in urban mega-cities through policy and charging integration to drive market               230

17.2.2      EUROPE, BY VEHICLE TYPE         231

17.2.2.1  Need to expand zero-emission urban freight and public transit zones to drive fleet conversion            231

17.2.3      NORTH AMERICA, BY VEHICLE TYPE      233

17.2.3.1  Need for leveraging federal incentives to scale zero-emission freight corridors and transit fleets to drive market          233

17.3         ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE                234

17.3.1      ELECTRIC & HYBRID TRUCKS     234

17.3.2      ELECTRIC & HYBRID BUSES        236

17.4         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             237

18            OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION   238

18.1         INTRODUCTION              239

18.2         CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT   240

18.2.1      INCREASED DEMAND FOR OPERATOR COMFORT AND EQUIPMENT STABILITY TO DRIVE MARKET        240

18.3         AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS        241

18.3.1      RISING FARM MECHANIZATION ACTIVITIES TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR SUSPENSION IN TRACTORS           241

18.4         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             242

19            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION                243

19.1         INTRODUCTION              244

19.2         ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET ARCHITECTURE TYPES, BY REGION        246

19.2.1      MACPHERSON STRUT    246

19.2.1.1  Growing penetration of ATVs in agricultural practices and sports activities to drive market     246

19.2.2      DOUBLE WISHBONE      247

19.2.2.1  Double wishbone suspension systems offer maximum comfort while traveling       247

19.2.3      KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             249

20            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION                 250

20.1         INTRODUCTION              251

20.2         ASIA PACIFIC     253

20.2.1      CHINA  255

20.2.1.1  Demand for MacPherson strut architecture to drive growth                 255

20.2.2      INDIA    257

20.2.2.1  Growing vehicle production and expanding domestic demand for comfort and safety to drive market    257

20.2.3      JAPAN   259

20.2.3.1  Need for electrification and premium vehicle development to drive market          259

20.2.4      SOUTH KOREA  261

20.2.4.1  Strong push toward independent suspension architecture to drive market    261

20.2.5      REST OF ASIA PACIFIC   263

20.3         NORTH AMERICA             265

20.3.1      US           268

20.3.1.1  Preference for SUVs and light trucks to boost growth   268

20.3.2      MEXICO                269

20.3.2.1  Strong vehicle production and export base to lead market                 269

20.3.3      CANADA               271

20.3.3.1  Increasing adoption of advanced suspension technologies to boost growth          271

20.4         EUROPE               273

20.4.1      GERMANY           276

20.4.1.1  Rapid technological advancements to drive market        276

20.4.2      UK          278

20.4.2.1  Strong base of premium and performance vehicle manufacturers to boost market     278

20.4.3      FRANCE                280

20.4.3.1  Notable transition toward electrified and comfort-oriented vehicle platforms to boost growth      280

20.4.4      SPAIN    282

20.4.4.1  Increasing production of compact cars, SUVs, and light commercial vehicles to drive market 282

20.4.5      ITALY    283

20.4.5.1  Increased demand for air suspension architecture in special application trucks to drive market     283

20.4.6      RUSSIA 285

20.4.6.1  Rise in production of SUVs, LCVs, and off-road vehicles to boost market    285

20.4.7      REST OF EUROPE             287

20.5         REST OF THE WORLD (ROW)      289

20.5.1      BRAZIL 291

20.5.1.1  Well-established automotive manufacturing base and strong domestic demand to drive market      291

20.5.2      SOUTH AFRICA 293

20.5.2.1  Country’s expanding and aging vehicle fleet to drive market                 293

20.5.3      IRAN      295

21            COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE         297

21.1         INTRODUCTION              297

21.2         KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN            297

21.3         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024                 299

21.4         REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2020–2024  301

21.5         COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS                 302

21.6         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             303

21.7         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024                 304

21.7.1      STARS   304

21.7.2      EMERGING LEADERS     304

21.7.3      PERVASIVE PLAYERS      304

21.7.4      PARTICIPANTS 304

21.7.5      COMPANY FOOTPRINT 306

21.7.5.1  Company footprint               306

21.7.5.2  Region footprint   307

21.7.5.3  System footprint   307

21.7.5.4  Actuation footprint               308

21.7.5.5  Vehicle type footprint          309

21.8         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024        310

21.8.1      PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES         310

21.8.2      RESPONSIVE COMPANIES            310

21.8.3      DYNAMIC COMPANIES  310

21.8.4      STARTING BLOCKS         310

21.8.5      COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING               312

21.8.5.1  List of startups/SMEs          312

21.8.5.2  Competitive benchmarking of SMEs 313

21.9         COMPETITIVE SCENARIO             314

21.9.1      PRODUCT LAUNCHES   314

21.9.2      DEALS  317

21.9.3      EXPANSIONS     318

21.9.4      OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              319

22            COMPANY PROFILES      320

22.1         KEY PLAYERS     320

22.1.1      ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG            320

22.1.1.1  Business overview 320

22.1.1.2  Products offered   321

22.1.1.3  Recent developments           323

22.1.1.3.1                Product launches/developments        323

22.1.1.3.2                Expansions             325

22.1.1.4  MnM view              325

22.1.1.4.1                Key strengths        325

22.1.1.4.2                Strategic choices   325

22.1.1.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 326

22.1.2      HYUNDAI MOBIS              327

22.1.2.1  Business overview 327

22.1.2.2  Products offered   328

22.1.2.3  Recent developments           329

22.1.2.3.1                Product launches/developments        329

22.1.2.4  MnM view              330

22.1.2.4.1                Key strengths        330

22.1.2.4.2                Weaknesses and competitive threats 330

22.1.2.4.3                Strategic choices   330

22.1.3      TENNECO INC. 331

22.1.3.1  Business overview 331

22.1.3.2  Products offered   331

22.1.3.3  Recent developments           332

22.1.3.3.1                Product launches/developments        332

22.1.3.4  MnM view              334

22.1.3.4.1                Key strengths        334

22.1.3.4.2                Weaknesses and competitive threats 334

22.1.3.4.3                Strategic choices   335

22.1.4      THYSSENKRUPP AG        336

22.1.4.1  Business overview 336

22.1.4.2  Products offered   337

22.1.4.3  Recent developments           338

22.1.4.3.1                Deals      338

22.1.4.4  MnM view              339

22.1.4.4.1                Key strengths        339

22.1.4.4.2                Weaknesses and competitive threats 339

22.1.4.4.3                Strategic choices   339

22.1.5      DANA LIMITED 340

22.1.5.1  Business overview 340

22.1.5.2  Products offered   341

22.1.5.3  Recent developments           342

22.1.5.3.1                Product launches/developments        342

22.1.5.4  MnM view              343

22.1.5.4.1                Key strengths        343

22.1.5.4.2                Weaknesses and competitive threats 343

22.1.5.4.3                Strategic choices   343

22.1.6      MAGNA INTERNATIONAL INC.  344

22.1.6.1  Business overview 344

22.1.6.2  Products offered   345

22.1.6.3  MnM view              346

22.1.6.3.1                Key strengths        346

22.1.6.3.2                Strategic choices   346

22.1.6.3.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 346

22.1.7      CONTINENTAL AG          347

22.1.7.1  Business overview 347

22.1.7.2  Products offered   348

22.1.8      BWI GROUP        350

22.1.8.1  Business overview 350

22.1.8.2  Products offered   351

22.1.8.3  Recent developments           352

22.1.8.3.1                Expansions             352

22.1.8.3.2                Deals      353

22.1.9      KYB CORPORATION       354

22.1.9.1  Business overview 354

22.1.9.2  Products offered   355

22.1.9.3  MnM view              355

22.1.9.3.1                Key strengths        355

22.1.9.3.2                Strategic choices   355

22.1.9.3.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 355

22.1.10   HL MANDO CORPORATION        356

22.1.10.1                 Business overview 356

22.1.10.2                 Products offered   357

22.1.11   MERITOR, INC.  359

22.1.11.1                 Business overview 359

22.1.11.2                 Products offered   360

22.1.12   HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C.           362

22.1.12.1                 Business overview 362

22.1.12.2                 Products offered   362

22.1.12.3                 Recent developments           363

22.1.12.3.1             Product launches/developments        363

22.1.12.3.2             Deals      364

22.2         OTHER KEY PLAYERS     365

22.2.1      ASTEMO, LTD    365

22.2.2      SOGEFI 366

22.2.3      EIBACH 367

22.2.4      GESTAMP            368

22.2.5      SIDEM  369

22.2.6      PEDDERS SUSPENSION & BRAKES             370

22.2.7      RTS         371

22.2.8      YSS SUSPENSION              372

22.2.9      BELLTECH          373

22.2.10   SKYJACKER SUSPENSIONS           374

22.2.11   MULTIMATIC INC            375

22.2.12   KING SHOCKS   376

22.2.13   FOX FACTORY, INC.        377

22.2.14   RANCHO SUSPENSION  378

22.2.15   TEIN USA.            379

22.2.16   AIR LIFT COMPANY        380

22.2.17   MOOG INC.         381

23            RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS                 382

23.1         ASIA PACIFIC TO LEAD AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET               382

23.2         GROWING DEMAND FOR AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEMS: KEY FOCUS AREAS           382

23.3         CONCLUSION    383

24            APPENDIX           384

24.1         INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS     384

24.2         DISCUSSION GUIDE        384

24.3         KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL                389

24.4         CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS        391

24.4.1      AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ICE VEHICLE TYPE (COUNTRY LEVEL)              391

24.4.1.1  Passenger cars      391

24.4.1.1.1                Front suspension, by architecture      391

24.4.1.1.1.1            Macpherson strut 391

24.4.1.1.1.2            Double wishbone 391

24.4.1.1.1.3            Multilink                391

24.4.1.1.1.4            Twist beam/torsion beam   391

24.4.1.1.1.5            Air suspension      391

24.4.1.1.2                Rear suspension, by architecture       391

24.4.1.1.2.1            Macpherson strut 391

24.4.1.1.2.2            Double wishbone 391

24.4.1.1.2.3            Multilink                391

24.4.1.1.2.4            Twist beam/torsion beam   391

24.4.1.1.2.5            Air suspension      391

24.4.1.2  LCVs      392

24.4.1.2.1                Front suspension, by architecture      392

24.4.1.2.1.1            Macpherson strut 392

24.4.1.2.1.2            Double wishbone 392

24.4.1.2.1.3            Multilink                392

24.4.1.2.1.4            Twist beam/torsion beam   392

24.4.1.2.1.5            Leaf spring             392

24.4.1.2.1.6            Air suspension      392

24.4.1.2.2                Rear suspension, by architecture       392

24.4.1.2.2.1            Macpherson strut 392

24.4.1.2.2.2            Double wishbone 392

24.4.1.2.2.3            Multilink                392

24.4.1.2.2.4            Twist beam/torsion beam   392

24.4.1.2.2.5            Leaf spring             392

24.4.1.2.2.6            Air suspension      392

24.4.1.3  HCVs      392

24.4.2      PASSIVE, SEMI-ACTIVE, AND ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY ARCHITECTURE (COUNTRY LEVEL) 392

24.4.2.1  Macpherson strut 392

24.4.2.2  Double wishbone 392

24.4.2.3  Multilink                392

24.4.2.4  Twist beam/torsion beam   392

24.4.2.5  Leaf spring suspension        392

24.4.2.6  Air suspension      392

24.4.3      AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE (REGIONAL LEVEL), BY PROPULSION                 393

24.4.3.1  BEV        393

24.4.3.1.1                Front suspension, by architecture      393

24.4.3.1.2                Rear suspension, by architecture       393

24.4.3.2  PHEV     393

24.4.3.2.1                Front suspension, by architecture      393

24.4.3.2.2                Rear suspension, by architecture       393

24.4.3.3  FCEV     393

24.4.3.3.1                Front suspension, by architecture      393

24.4.3.3.2                Rear suspension, by architecture       393

24.4.4      OFF-HIGHWAY SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION (REGIONAL LEVEL)         393

24.4.4.1  Construction equipment     393

24.4.4.1.1                Mechanical            393

24.4.4.1.2                Pneumatic              393

24.4.4.1.3                Hydropneumatics 393

24.4.4.2  Agricultural tractors             393

24.4.4.2.1                Mechanical            393

24.4.4.2.2                Pneumatic              393

24.4.4.2.3                Hydropneumatics 393

24.5         RELATED REPORTS         394

24.6         AUTHOR DETAILS           395

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1                USD EXCHANGE RATES, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2024        41

TABLE 2                RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS: ARCHITECTURE                 57

TABLE 3                NORTH AMERICA: REGULATIONS & STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT, 2012–2027             72

TABLE 4                STRATEGIC MOVES BY KEY PLAYERS      76

TABLE 5                INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY VEHICLE TYPE       79

TABLE 6                KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY KEY ARCHITECTURE                 80

TABLE 7                PROFITABILITY OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION COMPONENTS  82

TABLE 8                NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS                 83

TABLE 9                EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS           85

TABLE 10              ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS                 86

TABLE 11              SAFETY REGULATIONS, BY COUNTRY/REGION                 87

TABLE 12              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: TOTAL NUMBER OF PATENTS,

JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 90

TABLE 13              IMPORTANT PATENT REGISTRATIONS RELATED TO AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET         93

TABLE 14              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: CURRENT STATUS AND SHORT-/MID-/

LONG-TERM PROSPECTS OF KEY TECHNOLOGIES          98

TABLE 15              FUTURE APPLICATION AREAS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION       99

TABLE 16              TOP USE CASES OF AI IMPLEMENTATION AND MARKET POTENTIAL     100

TABLE 17              COMPANIES IMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICES IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION DEVELOPMENT 101

TABLE 18              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: CASE STUDIES RELATED TO IMPLEMENTATION OF GEN AI    101

TABLE 19              INTERCONNECTED ADJACENT MARKET ECOSYSTEM AND IMPACT

ON MARKET PLAYERS   102

TABLE 20              REGIONAL LOCALIZATION DYNAMICS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION PRODUCTION         104

TABLE 21              EXISTING AND UPCOMING PLANTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION       105

TABLE 22              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: RISKS AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES     107

TABLE 23              KEY POLICIES AFFECTING AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY KEY ECONOMY            108

TABLE 24              PROJECTED GROWTH OF SHARE OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS IN BILL OF MATERIALS FOR EVS, 2025 VS. 2032        110

TABLE 25              ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION SOURCING MODELS                 110

TABLE 26              VEHICLE LAUNCH PIPELINE AND SUSPENSION DEMAND             112

TABLE 27              GDP PERCENTAGE CHANGE, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2021–2030              113

TABLE 28              ROLE OF COMPANIES IN MARKET ECOSYSTEM                 116

TABLE 29              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS,

BY REGION, 2024 (USD/UNIT)    120

TABLE 30              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF TRUCK SUSPENSION ARCHITECTURE TYPES,

BY REGION, 2024 (USD/UNIT)    121

TABLE 31              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE COMPONENTS,

BY REGION, 2024 (US/UNIT)        121

TABLE 32              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2025–2026       124

TABLE 33              US: EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      125

TABLE 34              CHINA: EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         125

TABLE 35              GERMANY: EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         126

TABLE 36              MEXICO: EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         126

TABLE 37              US: IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      127

TABLE 38              CANADA: IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         127

TABLE 39              GERMANY: IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         128

TABLE 40              CHINA: IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870880-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD THOUSAND)         128

TABLE 41              TYPES OF TRADE RESTRICTIONS AND SHORT-TERM EFFECT ON AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION SUPPLY 129

TABLE 42              US-CHINA EXPORT BANS: TIMELINE AND EFFECT ON AUTOMOTIVE SEMICONDUCTORS 129

TABLE 43              MAJOR EU SUBSIDIES AND EXPECTED EFFECT ON AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN            130

TABLE 44              IMPACT OF LOCALIZATION POLICIES ON OEM SOURCING, BY AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION COMPONENT                 131

TABLE 45              TARIFF RATES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR-RELATED GOODS, 2025 134

TABLE 46              EXPECTED CHANGE IN PRICES AND LIKELY IMPACT                135

TABLE 47              REGIONAL TARIFF IMPACT, 2025               136

TABLE 48              KEY PRODUCT-RELATED TARIFF FOR END USE INDUSTRIES       137

TABLE 49              HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED VS. ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED SUSPENSION SYSTEMS  139

TABLE 50              ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  140

TABLE 51              ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  140

TABLE 52              ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            140

TABLE 53              ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            141

TABLE 54              HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  141

TABLE 55              HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  142

TABLE 56              HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            142

TABLE 57              HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            142

TABLE 58              ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  143

TABLE 59              ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  143

TABLE 60              ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            144

TABLE 61              ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            144

TABLE 62              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        146

TABLE 63              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        147

TABLE 64              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            147

TABLE 65              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            147

TABLE 66             SHOCK ABSORBERS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        148

TABLE 67             SHOCK ABSORBERS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        148

TABLE 68             SHOCK ABSORBERS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            149

TABLE 69             SHOCK ABSORBERS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            149

TABLE 70              STRUTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)             150

TABLE 71              STRUTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)             150

TABLE 72              STRUTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION) 151

TABLE 73              STRUTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION) 151

TABLE 74              BALL JOINTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  152

TABLE 75              BALL JOINTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)  152

TABLE 76              BALL JOINTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  152

TABLE 77              BALL JOINTS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)  152

TABLE 78              LEAF SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        153

TABLE 79              LEAF SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        153

TABLE 80              LEAF SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            154

TABLE 81              LEAF SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            154

TABLE 82              CONTROL ARMS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        155

TABLE 83              CONTROL ARMS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        155

TABLE 84              CONTROL ARMS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            155

TABLE 85              CONTROL ARMS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            155

TABLE 86              COIL SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        156

TABLE 87              COIL SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        156

TABLE 88              COIL SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            157

TABLE 89              COIL SPRINGS AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            157

TABLE 90              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  159

TABLE 91              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  160

TABLE 92              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            160

TABLE 93              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            160

TABLE 94              PASSENGER CAR MODELS WITH MACPHERSON STRUT AT FRONT/REAR AXLE,

BY KEY COUNTRY, 2025 161

TABLE 95              MACPHERSON STRUT: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  162

TABLE 96              MACPHERSON STRUT: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  162

TABLE 97              MACPHERSON STRUT: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            163

TABLE 98              MACPHERSON STRUT: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            163

TABLE 99              PASSENGER CAR MODELS WITH DOUBLE WISHBONE AT FRONT/REAR AXLE,

BY KEY COUNTRY, 2025 164

TABLE 100            DOUBLE WISHBONE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  164

TABLE 101            DOUBLE WISHBONE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  165

TABLE 102            DOUBLE WISHBONE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 103            DOUBLE WISHBONE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 104            PASSENGER CAR MODELS WITH MULTILINK SUSPENSION AT FRONT/REAR AXLE, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2025                 166

TABLE 105            MULTILINK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  167

TABLE 106            MULTILINK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  167

TABLE 107            MULTILINK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            167

TABLE 108            MULTILINK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            168

TABLE 109            PASSENGER CAR MODELS WITH TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM SUSPENSION AT FRONT/REAR AXLE, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2025        169

TABLE 110            TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 169

TABLE 111            TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 170

TABLE 112            TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                 170

TABLE 113            TWIST BEAM/TORSION BEAM: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                 170

TABLE 114            LEAF SPRING: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  171

TABLE 115            LEAF SPRING: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  171

TABLE 116            LEAF SPRING: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            172

TABLE 117            LEAF SPRING: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            172

TABLE 118            PASSENGER CAR MODELS WITH AIR SUSPENSION AT FRONT/REAR AXLE,

BY KEY COUNTRY, 2025 173

TABLE 119            AIR SUSPENSION: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  173

TABLE 120            AIR SUSPENSION: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  173

TABLE 121            AIR SUSPENSION: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            174

TABLE 122            AIR SUSPENSION: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            174

TABLE 123            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)                176

TABLE 124            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)                177

TABLE 125            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          177

TABLE 126            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          177

TABLE 127            PASSIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)             178

TABLE 128            PASSIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)             178

TABLE 129            PASSIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       179

TABLE 130            PASSIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       179

TABLE 131            SEMI-ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  180

TABLE 132            SEMI-ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  180

TABLE 133            SEMI-ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            180

TABLE 134            SEMI-ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            181

TABLE 135            ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)      182

TABLE 136            ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)      182

TABLE 137            ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION) 182

TABLE 138            ACTIVE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION) 183

TABLE 139            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  185

TABLE 140            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  186

TABLE 141            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            186

TABLE 142            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            186

TABLE 143            PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  187

TABLE 144            PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  187

TABLE 145            PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          187

TABLE 146            PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          188

TABLE 147            LCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)             188

TABLE 148            LCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)             189

TABLE 149            LCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       189

TABLE 150            LCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       189

TABLE 151            TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  190

TABLE 152            TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  190

TABLE 153            TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            191

TABLE 154            TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            191

TABLE 155            BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)             192

TABLE 156            BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)             192

TABLE 157            BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       192

TABLE 158            BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       192

TABLE 159            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        196

TABLE 160            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        196

TABLE 161            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            197

TABLE 162            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            197

TABLE 163            COIL SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  198

TABLE 164            COIL SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)  198

TABLE 165            COIL SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       199

TABLE 166            COIL SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       199

TABLE 167            AIR SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)             200

TABLE 168            AIR SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)             200

TABLE 169            AIR SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION) 200

TABLE 170            AIR SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION) 201

TABLE 171            SHOCK ABSORBER OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        201

TABLE 172            SHOCK ABSORBER OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        202

TABLE 173            SHOCK ABSORBER OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            202

TABLE 174            SHOCK ABSORBER OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            202

TABLE 175            STRUT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)             203

TABLE 176            STRUT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)             203

TABLE 177            STRUT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            203

TABLE 178            STRUT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            204

TABLE 179            CONTROL ARM OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  204

TABLE 180            CONTROL ARM OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)  205

TABLE 181            CONTROL ARM OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       205

TABLE 182            CONTROL ARM OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       205

TABLE 183            RUBBER BUSHING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        206

TABLE 184            RUBBER BUSHING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        206

TABLE 185            RUBBER BUSHING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            207

TABLE 186            RUBBER BUSHING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            207

TABLE 187            LEAF SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  208

TABLE 188            LEAF SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)  208

TABLE 189            LEAF SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       208

TABLE 190            LEAF SPRING OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       208

TABLE 191            LINK STABILIZER/SWAY BAR OE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)        209

TABLE 192            LINK STABILIZER/SWAY BAR OE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)        209

TABLE 193            LINK STABILIZER/SWAY BAR OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          210

TABLE 194            LINK STABILIZER/SWAY BAR OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          210

TABLE 195            BALL JOINT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (MILLION UNITS)             211

TABLE 196            BALL JOINT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (MILLION UNITS)             211

TABLE 197            BALL JOINT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION) 211

TABLE 198            BALL JOINT OE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION) 211

TABLE 199            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)      215

TABLE 200            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)      215

TABLE 201            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            215

TABLE 202            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            216

TABLE 203            BEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  217

TABLE 204            BEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  217

TABLE 205            BEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            217

TABLE 206            BEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            218

TABLE 207            PHEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)               219

TABLE 208            PHEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)               219

TABLE 209            PHEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         219

TABLE 210            PHEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         220

TABLE 211            FCEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)               220

TABLE 212            FCEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)               221

TABLE 213            FCEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         221

TABLE 214            FCEV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         221

TABLE 215            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)              222

TABLE 216            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)              222

TABLE 217            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)        223

TABLE 218            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)        223

TABLE 219            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 224

TABLE 220            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 224

TABLE 221            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            224

TABLE 222            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            224

TABLE 223            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)              225

TABLE 224            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)              225

TABLE 225            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)        226

TABLE 226            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY PROPULSION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)        226

TABLE 227          ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  228

TABLE 228          ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  229

TABLE 229          ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            229

TABLE 230          ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            229

TABLE 231            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)      230

TABLE 232            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)      230

TABLE 233            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            231

TABLE 234            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            231

TABLE 235            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)      231

TABLE 236            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)      232

TABLE 237            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            232

TABLE 238            EUROPE: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            232

TABLE 239            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)           233

TABLE 240            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)           233

TABLE 241            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)      233

TABLE 242            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET,

BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)      234

TABLE 243            ELECTRIC & HYBRID TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  234

TABLE 244            ELECTRIC & HYBRID TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  235

TABLE 245            ELECTRIC & HYBRID TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            235

TABLE 246            ELECTRIC & HYBRID TRUCK SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            235

TABLE 247            ELECTRIC & HYBRID BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  236

TABLE 248            ELECTRIC & HYBRID BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  236

TABLE 249            ELECTRIC & HYBRID BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            236

TABLE 250            ELECTRIC & HYBRID BUS SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            237

TABLE 251            OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  239

TABLE 252            OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  240

TABLE 253            CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  240

TABLE 254            CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  241

TABLE 255            AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  241

TABLE 256            AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  242

TABLE 257            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  244

TABLE 258            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  245

TABLE 259            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            245

TABLE 260            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            245

TABLE 261            MACPHERSON STRUT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  246

TABLE 262            MACPHERSON STRUT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  246

TABLE 263            MACPHERSON STRUT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            247

TABLE 264            MACPHERSON STRUT SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            247

TABLE 265            DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  248

TABLE 266            DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  248

TABLE 267            DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            248

TABLE 268            DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            249

TABLE 269            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)                251

TABLE 270            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)                252

TABLE 271            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          252

TABLE 272            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          252

TABLE 273            ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  254

TABLE 274            ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  254

TABLE 275            ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            254

TABLE 276            ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            255

TABLE 277            CHINA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  255

TABLE 278            CHINA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  256

TABLE 279            CHINA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            256

TABLE 280            CHINA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            257

TABLE 281            INDIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  258

TABLE 282            INDIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  258

TABLE 283            INDIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            258

TABLE 284            INDIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            259

TABLE 285            JAPAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  260

TABLE 286            JAPAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  260

TABLE 287            JAPAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            260

TABLE 288            JAPAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            261

TABLE 289            SOUTH KOREA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  261

TABLE 290            SOUTH KOREA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  262

TABLE 291            SOUTH KOREA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            262

TABLE 292            SOUTH KOREA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            263

TABLE 293            REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)      263

TABLE 294            REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)      264

TABLE 295            REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            264

TABLE 296            REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            265

TABLE 297            NORTH AMERICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  266

TABLE 298            NORTH AMERICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  267

TABLE 299            NORTH AMERICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            267

TABLE 300            NORTH AMERICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            267

TABLE 301            US: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  268

TABLE 302            US: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  268

TABLE 303            US: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            269

TABLE 304            US: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            269

TABLE 305            MEXICO: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  270

TABLE 306            MEXICO: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  270

TABLE 307            MEXICO: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            270

TABLE 308            MEXICO: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            271

TABLE 309            CANADA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  272

TABLE 310            CANADA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  272

TABLE 311            CANADA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            272

TABLE 312            CANADA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            273

TABLE 313            EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  274

TABLE 314            EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  275

TABLE 315            EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            275

TABLE 316            EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY/REGION,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            276

TABLE 317            GERMANY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  277

TABLE 318            GERMANY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  277

TABLE 319            GERMANY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            277

TABLE 320            GERMANY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            278

TABLE 321            UK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  279

TABLE 322            UK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  279

TABLE 323            UK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            279

TABLE 324            UK: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            280

TABLE 325            FRANCE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  280

TABLE 326            FRANCE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  281

TABLE 327            FRANCE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            281

TABLE 328            FRANCE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            281

TABLE 329            SPAIN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  282

TABLE 330            SPAIN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  282

TABLE 331            SPAIN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            283

TABLE 332            SPAIN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            283

TABLE 333            ITALY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  284

TABLE 334            ITALY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  284

TABLE 335            ITALY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            284

TABLE 336            ITALY: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            285

TABLE 337            RUSSIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  285

TABLE 338            RUSSIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  286

TABLE 339            RUSSIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            286

TABLE 340            RUSSIA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            287

TABLE 341            REST OF EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  287

TABLE 342            REST OF EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  288

TABLE 343            REST OF EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            288

TABLE 344            REST OF EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            289

TABLE 345            ROW: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  290

TABLE 346            ROW: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  290

TABLE 347            ROW: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            290

TABLE 348            ROW: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            290

TABLE 349            BRAZIL: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  291

TABLE 350            BRAZIL: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  291

TABLE 351            BRAZIL: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            292

TABLE 352            BRAZIL: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            292

TABLE 353            SOUTH AFRICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  293

TABLE 354            SOUTH AFRICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  293

TABLE 355            SOUTH AFRICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            294

TABLE 356            SOUTH AFRICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            294

TABLE 357            IRAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  295

TABLE 358            IRAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)  295

TABLE 359            IRAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            296

TABLE 360            IRAN: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            296

TABLE 361            KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, JANUARY 2023–2025          297

TABLE 362            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION, 2024                 300

TABLE 363            REGION FOOTPRINT     307

TABLE 364            SYSTEM FOOTPRINT      307

TABLE 365            ACTUATION FOOTPRINT             308

TABLE 366            VEHICLE TYPE FOOTPRINT        309

TABLE 367            LIST OF STARTUPS/SMES             312

TABLE 368            COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF SMES (1/2)                 313

TABLE 369            COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF SMES (2/2)                 313

TABLE 370            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS, JANUARY 2024– SEPTEMBER 2025              314

TABLE 371            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: DEALS, JANUARY 2024–OCTOBER 2025   317

TABLE 372            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: EXPANSIONS,

JANUARY 2024–OCTOBER 2025   318

TABLE 373            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS,

JANUARY 2024–OCTOBER 2025   319

TABLE 374            ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW          320

TABLE 375            ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG: PRODUCTS OFFERED             321

TABLE 376            ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    323

TABLE 377            ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG: EXPANSIONS                 325

TABLE 378            HYUNDAI MOBIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 327

TABLE 379            HYUNDAI MOBIS: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 328

TABLE 380            HYUNDAI MOBIS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    329

TABLE 381            TENNECO INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW  331

TABLE 382            TENNECO INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED   331

TABLE 383            TENNECO INC.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    332

TABLE 384            THYSSENKRUPP AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 336

TABLE 385            THYSSENKRUPP AG: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 337

TABLE 386            THYSSENKRUPP AG: DEALS        338

TABLE 387            DANA LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 340

TABLE 388            DANA LIMITED: PRODUCTS OFFERED  341

TABLE 389            DANA LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    342

TABLE 390            MAGNA INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          344

TABLE 391            MAGNA INTERNATIONAL INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED             345

TABLE 392            CONTINENTAL AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 347

TABLE 393            CONTINENTAL AG: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 348

TABLE 394            BWI GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW         350

TABLE 395            BWI GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED          351

TABLE 396            BWI GROUP: EXPANSIONS           352

TABLE 397            BWI GROUP: DEALS        353

TABLE 398            KYB CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 354

TABLE 399            KYB CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 355

TABLE 400            HL MANDO CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          356

TABLE 401            HL MANDO CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED             357

TABLE 402            MERITOR, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW  359

TABLE 403            MERITOR, INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED   360

TABLE 404            HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          362

TABLE 405            HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C.: PRODUCTS OFFERED             362

TABLE 406            HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    363

TABLE 407            HENDRICKSON USA, L.L.C.: DEALS           364

TABLE 408            ASTEMO, LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW    365

TABLE 409            SOGEFI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 366

TABLE 410            EIBACH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 367

TABLE 411            GESTAMP: COMPANY OVERVIEW             368

TABLE 412            SIDEM: COMPANY OVERVIEW   369

TABLE 413            PEDDERS SUSPENSION & BRAKES: COMPANY OVERVIEW          370

TABLE 414            RTS: COMPANY OVERVIEW         371

TABLE 415            YSS SUSPENSION: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 372

TABLE 416            BELLTECH: COMPANY OVERVIEW           373

TABLE 417            SKYJACKER SUSPENSIONS: COMPANY OVERVIEW          374

TABLE 418            MULTIMATIC INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 375

TABLE 419            KING SHOCKS: COMPANY OVERVIEW    376

TABLE 420            FOX FACTORY, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 377

TABLE 421            RANCHO SUSPENSION: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 378

TABLE 422            TEIN USA.: COMPANY OVERVIEW             379

TABLE 423            AIR LIFT COMPANY: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 380

TABLE 424            MOOG INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          381

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1              RESEARCH DESIGN         43

FIGURE 2              RESEARCH PROCESS FLOW         44

FIGURE 3              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY                 48

FIGURE 4              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET SIZE: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

(ARCHITECTURE AND REGION)                49

FIGURE 5              AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET SIZE: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

(AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT)         50

FIGURE 6              TOP-DOWN APPROACH                51

FIGURE 7              DATA TRIANGULATION                52

FIGURE 8              MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS               53

FIGURE 9              MARKET SCENARIO        58

FIGURE 10            GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, 2021–2032              59

FIGURE 11            MAJOR STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, 2021–2025                 59

FIGURE 12            DISRUPTIONS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF THE AUTOMOTIVE

SUSPENSION MARKET   60

FIGURE 13            HIGH-GROWTH SEGMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, 2025-2032               61

FIGURE 14            ASIA PACIFIC TO DOMINATE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, IN TERMS OF VALUE, DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD             62

FIGURE 15            RISING AWARENESS REGARDING PASSENGER COMFORT TO DRIVE AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET                 63

FIGURE 16            PASSIVE SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD         63

FIGURE 17            AIR SUSPENSION SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING

FORECAST PERIOD         64

FIGURE 18            BUSES SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD         64

FIGURE 19            RUBBER BUSHINGS SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    65

FIGURE 20            SHOCK ABSORBERS SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    65

FIGURE 21            MULTILINK SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET IN 2025            66

FIGURE 22            TRUCKS SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET BY 2032                 66

FIGURE 23            ELECTRONICALLY ACTUATED SEGMENT TO ACHIEVE SIGNIFICANT GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 67

FIGURE 24            AGRICULTURE TRACTORS SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET IN 2025                67

FIGURE 25            ASIA PACIFIC TO REGISTER HIGHEST GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD       68

FIGURE 26            ASIA PACIFIC TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE IN 2025   68

FIGURE 27            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES,

AND CHALLENGES          69

FIGURE 28            SUV PRODUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA, 2020–2024 (‘000 UNITS)              70

FIGURE 29            INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY VEHICLE TYPE       79

FIGURE 30            KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY KEY ARCHITECTURE                 80

FIGURE 31            PATENT ANALYSIS, BY DOCUMENT TYPE, JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 91

FIGURE 32            PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS, 2015−2025                 91

FIGURE 33            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS,

JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 92

FIGURE 34            US WITNESSED HIGHEST REGISTRATION OF PATENTS BETWEEN 2015 AND 2024          92

FIGURE 35            TOP PATENT APPLICANTS, JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024                93

FIGURE 36            ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  115

FIGURE 37            SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             118

FIGURE 38            TRENDS & DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS   123

FIGURE 39            INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO, 2023–2025        124

FIGURE 40            ACTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ACTUATION, 2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      140

FIGURE 41            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AFTERMARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      146

FIGURE 42            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      159

FIGURE 43            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY SYSTEM, 2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)   176

FIGURE 44            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      185

FIGURE 45            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION OE MARKET, BY COMPONENT,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      195

FIGURE 46            ELECTRIC & HYBRID PASSENGER CAR SUSPENSION MARKET, BY ARCHITECTURE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            214

FIGURE 47           ELECTRIC & HYBRID HCV SUSPENSION MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      228

FIGURE 48            OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021 VS. 2032 (THOUSAND UNITS)            239

FIGURE 49            ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      244

FIGURE 50            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY REGION, 2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)   251

FIGURE 51            ASIA PACIFIC: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET SNAPSHOT       253

FIGURE 52            NORTH AMERICA: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET SNAPSHOT       266

FIGURE 53            EUROPE: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      274

FIGURE 54            ROW: AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025 VS. 2032 (USD MILLION)      289

FIGURE 55            MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM PROVIDERS, 2024              299

FIGURE 56            REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS, 2020–2024 (USD BILLION)             301

FIGURE 57            COMPANY VALUATION (USD BILLION) 302

FIGURE 58            FINANCIAL METRICS (EV/EBITDA)          302

FIGURE 59            BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             303

FIGURE 60            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX

(KEY PLAYERS), 2024       305

FIGURE 61            COMPANY FOOTPRINT 306

FIGURE 62            AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (STARTUPS/SMES), 2024                 311

FIGURE 63            ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          321

FIGURE 64            HYUNDAI MOBIS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 328

FIGURE 65            THYSSENKRUPP AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 337

FIGURE 66            DANA LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 341

FIGURE 67            MAGNA INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          345

FIGURE 68            CONTINENTAL AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 348

FIGURE 69            BWI GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT        351

FIGURE 70            KYB CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 354

FIGURE 71            HL MANDO CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          357

FIGURE 72            MERITOR, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT  360