鉄道車両市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測

Rolling Stock Market - Global Forecast to 2032

Rolling Stock Market by Component, Product Type (Locomotive, Rapid Transit, Coach), Locomotive Technology (Conventional, Turbocharged, Maglev), Application (Passenger Transportation, Freight Transportation) and Region - Global Forecast to 2032

商品番号 : SMB-12823

出版社MarketsandMarkets
出版年月2025年10月
ページ数387
図表数420
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

鉄道車両市場 – コンポーネント、製品タイプ(機関車、高速輸送機関、客車)、機関車技術(従来型、ターボチャージャー付き、磁気浮上式)、用途(旅客輸送、貨物輸送)および地域別 – 2032年までの世界予測

鉄道車両市場は、2025年の309億4,000万米ドルから2032年には417億9,000万米ドルに拡大し、年平均成長率(CAGR)4.4%で成長すると予測されています。鉄道車両の需要は、主に新規鉄道プロジェクト、路線拡張、そして老朽化した車両の更新によって牽引されています。政府や企業は、列車の自律性を高め、人的介入と移動時間を削減することを目指しています。鉄道網の電化、拡張、近代化への投資増加は、新型鉄道車両のニーズを押し上げています。さらに、自律走行車、バッテリー駆動車、水素燃料電池機関車の開発は、業界関係者に新たな機会をもたらしています。

本レポートは、鉄道車両市場を、構成部品、製品タイプ(機関車、高速輸送、客車)、機関車技術(従来型、ターボチャージャー付き、磁気浮上式)、用途(旅客輸送、貨物輸送)、および地域の観点から網羅しています。また、鉄道車両市場エコシステムにおける主要プレーヤーの競争環境と企業プロフィールも網羅しています。 本調査には、主要市場プレーヤーの詳細な競合分析に加え、企業プロフィール、製品および事業内容に関する主要な考察、最近の動向、主要な市場戦略も含まれています。

レポートを購入する主なメリット:

  • 鉄道車両市場全体とそのサブセグメントの収益数値の最も近い概算に関する情報を提供し、市場リーダー/新規参入企業に役立ちます。
  • 関係者が競争環境を理解し、より多くの洞察を得るのに役立ち、ビジネスをより適切に位置付け、適切な市場参入戦略を計画できるようにします。
  • 利害関係者が市場の動向を理解するのにも役立ち、主要な市場の推進要因、制約、課題、機会に関する情報も提供します。

Report Description

The rolling stock market is projected to grow from USD 30.94 billion in 2025 to USD 41.79 billion by 2032, at a CAGR of 4.4%. The demand for rolling stock is largely driven by new railway projects, rail line expansions, and the need to replace aging trains. Governments and companies aim to make trains more autonomous while reducing human involvement and travel time. Increased investment in electrifying, expanding, and modernizing rail networks is boosting the need for new rolling stock. Additionally, the development of autonomous, battery-powered, and hydrogen fuel cell locomotives is creating new opportunities for industry players.

鉄道車両市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測
Rolling Stock Market – Global Forecast to 2032

Metro/Subways are expected to hold a significant market share of the rapid transit rolling stock market during the forecast period.

China, with the largest metro network in the world, is the biggest market for metro systems in terms of track length, supported by a substantial number of trains operating across its extensive rail network. Rapid urbanization and rising traffic congestion are driving the demand for efficient, high-capacity transit solutions such as metros and subways. Governments and private stakeholders are investing in expanding existing networks, developing new lines, and upgrading infrastructure to enhance passenger capacity and service reliability. These systems are increasingly recognized for their role in reducing urban traffic, lowering carbon emissions, and supporting economic growth, which sustains ongoing funding and development in the metro sector. Similarly, in India, expanding urban transit networks are driving metro growth. For instance, in June 2025, Alstom was awarded a USD 158 million (EUR 135 million) contract by Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) to design, manufacture, supply, test, and commission 96 Metropolis metro cars for Chennai Metro Phase II.

Coaches are expected to lead the passenger transportation rolling stock market during the forecast period.

Coaches are expected to lead the passenger transportation rolling stock market due to their versatility in meeting diverse travel needs, from short-distance commutes to long-distance journeys. The global focus on sustainable and cost-effective transportation further drives coach demand, as they are more energy-efficient than many alternative modes of travel. For instance, Indian Railways produced 4,601 coaches in 2024–2025. Advances in coach design now include enhanced safety features such as anti-collision technology, reinforced structures, fire detection and suppression systems, and improved emergency exits, while passenger comfort is elevated with ergonomically designed seating, climate control, noise reduction, Wi-Fi connectivity, and modern infotainment systems, ensuring a safer and more pleasant travel experience. The scalability of coach operations allows rail operators to adjust capacity according to demand, optimizing efficiency. Furthermore, the ongoing modernization of rail networks worldwide supports the expansion and upgrading of coach fleets to meet contemporary standards and passenger expectations. Aligned with this growth, in August 2024, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) signed an option with Hyundai Rotem for an additional 41 double-deck commuter rail coaches.

鉄道車両市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測 - 地域
Rolling Stock Market – Global Forecast to 2032 – region

“Europe is expected to hold a significant share of the rolling stock market during the forecast period.”

Europe is expected to hold a significant share of the rolling stock market due to its extensive, modernized, and highly electrified rail infrastructure. The European Union’s focus on sustainability and decarbonization has driven substantial investments in green rail technologies, including battery-electric and hydrogen-powered trains, supporting the EU’s goals to reduce carbon emissions and promote clean transportation. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are leading in the adoption of high-speed and regional trains, driven by passenger demand and environmental policies. Initiatives such as the European Green Deal and the Digital Rail Agenda have accelerated the modernization of rolling stock, emphasizing automation, digitalization, and cross-border interoperability. Europe’s strong manufacturing base, with key players such as Siemens Mobility, Alstom, and Stadler Rail, supports both domestic and export markets, reinforcing the region’s leadership in rolling stock production. The ongoing trends of urbanization and sustainable mobility further boost demand for efficient, eco-friendly rail transport. Reflecting this momentum, in June 2024, Alstom signed a USD 377.5 million (€323 million) contract with Polo Logistica FS to supply 70 Traxx Universal locomotives with maintenance services. The locomotives will be manufactured in Italy at Alstom’s Vado Ligure site, and maintenance services will be provided across the country. Similarly, in June 2025, Siemens Mobility received a major order from France’s Akiem for 50 Vectron Dual Mode locomotives, with the first units scheduled for delivery in the fourth quarter of 2026.

In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market.

  • By Company Type: OEMs – 40%, Tier I – 41%, and Tier II – 19%
  • By Designation: CXOs – 23%, Directors – 42%, and Others – 35%
  • By Region: North America – 20%, Europe – 24%, Asia Oceania – 36%, MEA – 15%, and RoW – 5%

The rolling stock market is dominated by major players, including CRRC Corporation Limited (China), Siemens AG (Germany), Alstom SA (France), Stadler Rail AG (Switzerland), and Wabtec Corporation (US). These companies offer a wide range of products, including locomotives, passenger coaches, metro and light rail vehicles, freight wagons, and high-speed trains. They also provide comprehensive services such as maintenance, signaling and control systems, digital solutions, spare parts supply, and long-term service contracts, enabling operators to optimize fleet performance and operational efficiency.

鉄道車両市場規模、シェア、動向、2032年までの世界予測 - 対象企業
Rolling Stock Market – Global Forecast to 2032 – ecosystem

Research Coverage:

The report covers the rolling stock market in terms of components, product type (locomotive, rapid transit, coach), locomotive technology (conventional, turbocharged, maglev), application (passenger transportation, freight transportation), and region. It also covers the competitive landscape and company profiles of the major players in the rolling stock market ecosystem.

The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key market players, along with their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report:

  • The report will help market leaders/new entrants with information on the closest approximations of revenue numbers for the overall rolling stock market and its subsegments.
  • This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights, enabling them to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies.
  • The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

The report provides insights into the following pointers:

  • Analysis of key drivers (energy-efficient and sustainable transportation shift, traffic decongestion and network optimization, expansion of freight transport capacity, and expansion of railroad network and freight corridors) restraints (optimization of the existing fleet through refurbishment, and high capital intensity and investment barriers), opportunities (adoption of hydrogen fuel cell locomotives, rising rail demand from industrial and mining expansion, growing market for battery-operated trains, and leveraging big data and smart analytics in rail infrastructure), and challenges (rising overhaul and maintenance cost burden, and intensive R&D investment requirements).
  • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies and research & development activities in the rolling stock market.
  • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyzes the rolling stock market across varied regions.
  • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the rolling stock market.
  • Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players, such as CRRC Corporation Limited (China), Siemens AG (Germany), Alstom SA (France), Stadler Rail AG (Switzerland), and Wabtec Corporation (US), in the rolling stock market.

Table of Contents

1               INTRODUCTION              29

1.1           STUDY OBJECTIVES       29

1.2           MARKET DEFINITION   30

1.3           STUDY SCOPE   32

1.3.1        MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE      32

1.3.2        INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 33

1.3.3        YEARS CONSIDERED      34

1.4           CURRENCY CONSIDERED            34

1.5           UNIT CONSIDERED        35

1.6           STAKEHOLDERS               35

1.7           SUMMARY OF CHANGES               36

2               RESEARCH METHODOLOGY       37

2.1           RESEARCH DATA              37

2.1.1        SECONDARY DATA          38

2.1.1.1    Secondary sources                39

2.1.1.2    Key data from secondary sources       40

2.1.2        PRIMARY DATA 40

2.1.2.1    Primary interviews: demand and supply sides 41

2.1.2.2    Primary participants             41

2.1.2.3    Breakdown of primary interviews      42

2.1.2.4    Insights from industry experts            42

2.2           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION         43

2.2.1        BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              44

2.2.2        TOP-DOWN APPROACH                45

2.3           DATA TRIANGULATION                46

2.4           FACTOR ANALYSIS          48

2.5           RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS           48

2.6           RESEARCH LIMITATIONS             49

2.7           RISK ASSESSMENT           50

3               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  51

4               PREMIUM INSIGHTS       54

4.1           ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ROLLING STOCK MARKET           54

4.2           ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE 54

4.3           ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION     55

4.4           ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY  55

4.5           ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION 56

5               MARKET OVERVIEW       57

5.1           INTRODUCTION              57

5.2           MARKET DYNAMICS       58

5.2.1        DRIVERS               58

5.2.1.1    Traffic decongestion and network optimization              58

5.2.1.2    Shift toward energy-efficient and sustainable transportation                 59

5.2.1.3    Development of advanced rolling stock technologies to enhance passenger comfort                 60

5.2.1.4    Advancements in rail network electrification   60

5.2.1.5    Expansion of freight transport capacity             61

5.2.2        RESTRAINTS      62

5.2.2.1    Optimization of existing fleet through refurbishment    62

5.2.2.2    High capital intensity and investment barriers                62

5.2.3        OPPORTUNITIES              63

5.2.3.1    Leveraging big data and smart analytics in rail infrastructure                 63

5.2.3.2    Rising rail demand from industrial and mining sectors  63

5.2.3.3    Adoption of hydrogen fuel cell locomotives     64

5.2.3.4    Growing market for battery-operated trains    65

5.2.4        CHALLENGES    66

5.2.4.1    Rising overhaul and maintenance cost burden                 66

5.2.4.2    Intensive R&D investment requirements         66

6               INDUSTRY TRENDS         68

6.1           TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS            68

6.2           PRICING ANALYSIS          69

6.2.1        INDICATIVE PRICING OF ROLLING STOCK OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS     69

6.2.2        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY PRODUCT TYPE                 70

6.2.3        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION   71

6.3           ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  72

6.4           SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             74

6.4.1        RAW MATERIAL PROVIDERS AND COMPONENT SUPPLIERS          74

6.4.2        OEMS    74

6.4.3        OPERATORS AND END USERS    75

6.5           CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 75

6.5.1        MODERNIZATION OF ROLLING STOCK WITH STADLER RAIL’S FLIRT EMUS         75

6.5.2        CRRC SETS BENCHMARK FOR EXCAVATION OF BIG ANALOG DATA VALUE  75

6.5.3        GOLINC-M MODULES ENABLE RETROFITTING OF REMOTE CONDITION MONITORING      76

6.5.4        MONORAIL SYSTEMS REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN KOREAN METROPOLIS            76

6.5.5        HYDROGEN TRAIN PROJECT HELPS SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT ACHIEVE NET ZERO TARGETS   77

6.5.6        FREIGHTLINER SHIFTS TOWARD NET ZERO WITH LOW-CARBON FUEL  77

6.6           PATENT ANALYSIS          78

6.7           TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS             83

6.7.1        KEY TECHNOLOGIES     83

6.7.1.1    Regenerative braking           83

6.7.1.2    Autonomous trains               84

6.7.1.3    Tri-mode trains    85

6.7.1.4    Tilting trains         86

6.7.1.5    Digitalization        86

6.7.1.6    Internet of Trains 87

6.7.2        COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES       88

6.7.2.1    Train control and management systems           88

6.7.2.2    Collision avoidance systems                89

6.7.2.3    Intelligent rail transit           89

6.7.3        ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES       89

6.7.3.1    Big data analytics 89

6.7.3.2    Rail traffic management systems       90

6.7.3.3    Renewable energy systems 91

6.8           INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO               92

6.9           FUNDING, BY APPLICATION       94

6.10         IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI   95

6.11         TRADE ANALYSIS             96

6.12         TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE               100

6.12.1      TARIFF ANALYSIS             101

6.12.1.1  US           101

6.12.1.2  Europe   101

6.12.1.3  India       103

6.12.1.4  South Korea           103

6.12.1.5  China      103

6.12.2      REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  104

6.13         KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS             107

6.14         KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA     108

6.14.1      KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS           108

6.14.2      BUYING CRITERIA           109

6.15         STRATEGIC PATHWAYS FOR ALTERNATIVE PROPULSION SYSTEMS 110

6.15.1      TECHNOLOGY READINESS          110

6.15.1.1  Hydrogen fuel cells               110

6.15.1.2  Battery-electric     110

6.15.1.3  Hybrid/Alternative engines                 110

6.15.1.4  Emerging options 110

6.15.2      POLICY AND INCENTIVE ALIGNMENT   111

6.15.2.1  Government strategies and targets    111

6.15.2.2  Funding and grants              111

6.15.2.3  Regulations and mandates  112

6.15.2.4  Regional Initiatives               112

6.15.3      SUPPLY CHAIN AND INFRASTRUCTURE                 112

6.15.3.1  Manufacturing ecosystems 112

6.15.3.2  Fueling and charging infrastructure  113

6.15.3.3  Supplier networks 113

6.16         RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION STRATEGY          113

6.16.1      DIGITALIZATION AND IOT INTEGRATION           113

6.16.1.1  DB/Digital train control     113

6.16.1.2  Onboard diagnostics and telematics 114

6.16.2      ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES              114

6.16.3      CYBERSECURITY AND DATA STRATEGIES            115

6.16.4      EU CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS        115

6.16.5      US CYBERSECURITY DIRECTIVES              115

6.16.6      DATA-CENTRIC INITIATIVES     115

6.17         IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR AUTONOMOUS TRAIN TECHNOLOGY    116

6.17.1      SAFETY AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE           116

6.17.2      OPERATIONAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY 117

7               ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE 118

7.1           INTRODUCTION              119

7.2           LOCOMOTIVES 121

7.2.1        DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES 123

7.2.1.1    Electrification of railway networks in Europe and Asia to impede market    123

7.2.2        ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES           125

7.2.2.1    Rapid electrification of rail networks to drive market     125

7.2.3        ELECTRO-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES            127

7.2.3.1    Public and private sectors’ emphasis on sustainable practices to drive market          127

7.3           RAPID TRANSIT                129

7.3.1        DIESEL MULTIPLE UNITS             131

7.3.1.1    Electrification constraints in select regions to drive market                 131

7.3.2        ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS       133

7.3.2.1    Performance and efficiency advantages over diesel fueling to drive market          133

7.3.3        LIGHT RAILS/TRAMS      135

7.3.3.1    Push for alternatives to traditional buses and cars to drive market                 135

7.3.4        SUBWAYS/METROS         136

7.3.4.1    Investments in urban transportation networks to drive market                 136

7.3.5        MONORAILS       138

7.4           COACHES            139

7.4.1        DEMAND FOR ENHANCED RAIL TRAVEL EXPERIENCES TO DRIVE MARKET         139

7.5           WAGONS              140

7.5.1        NEED FOR HIGH-CAPACITY FREIGHT IN LOGISTICS AND MANUFACTURING TO DRIVE MARKET        140

7.6           OTHER PRODUCT TYPES             142

7.7           PRIMARY INSIGHTS        143

8               ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY  144

8.1           INTRODUCTION              145

8.2           CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES             147

8.2.1        IMPROVED PERFORMANCE WITH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET          147

8.3           TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES            149

8.3.1        COMPLIANCE WITH STRICT EMISSION REGULATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET         149

8.4           MAGLEV               151

8.4.1        ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION          152

8.4.2        ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION             153

8.4.3        INDUCTRACK    153

8.5           PRIMARY INSIGHTS        153

9               ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION     154

9.1           INTRODUCTION              155

9.2           PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION                157

9.2.1        LOCOMOTIVES 159

9.2.1.1    Rising adoption of electric rail systems to drive market 159

9.2.2        COACHES            161

9.2.2.1    Integration of enhanced safety systems to drive market 161

9.3           FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION     162

9.3.1        LOCOMOTIVES 164

9.3.1.1    Efforts to lower operational expenses to drive market    164

9.3.2        WAGONS              166

9.3.2.1    Growing application in freight and logistics to drive market                 166

9.4           PRIMARY INSIGHTS        167

10            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COMPONENT      168

10.1         INTRODUCTION              168

10.2         TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS         168

10.3         PANTOGRAPHS                 168

10.4         AXLES   169

10.5         WHEELSETS       170

10.6         TRACTION MOTORS      170

10.7         PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEMS    170

10.8         BRAKES                 171

10.9         AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS   171

10.10       AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEMS      171

10.11       GEARBOXES       171

10.12       BAFFLE GEARS  172

10.13       COUPLERS          172

11            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION 173

11.1         INTRODUCTION              174

11.2         ASIA OCEANIA  176

11.2.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  177

11.2.2      RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS          179

11.2.3      LIGHT RAIL PROJECTS  180

11.2.4      HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS     181

11.2.5      CHINA  183

11.2.5.1  Expansion of high-speed rail infrastructure to drive market                 183

11.2.6      INDIA    187

11.2.6.1  Growth of electrified rail infrastructure to drive market                 187

11.2.7      JAPAN   190

11.2.7.1  Strong presence of rail service providers to drive market                 190

11.2.8      SOUTH KOREA  192

11.2.8.1  Government initiatives supporting public transportation to drive market    192

11.2.9      AUSTRALIA         195

11.2.10   MALAYSIA           195

11.3         EUROPE               195

11.3.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  195

11.3.2      METRO/HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY PROJECTS           199

11.3.3      RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS          199

11.3.4      GERMANY           202

11.3.4.1  Rising investments in railway infrastructure modernization to drive market          202

11.3.5      FRANCE                204

11.3.5.1  Government subsidies and incentives for sustainable transportation to drive market            204

11.3.6      UK          206

11.3.6.1  Ongoing upgrades of domestic rail networks to drive market                 206

11.3.7      ITALY    208

11.3.7.1  Expanding railway networks to drive market   208

11.3.8      SPAIN    211

11.3.8.1  Modernization of mass rapid transit to drive market      211

11.3.9      SWITZERLAND 213

11.3.10   AUSTRIA              213

11.3.11   SWEDEN              213

11.4         NORTH AMERICA             213

11.4.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  214

11.4.2      HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS     216

11.4.3      RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS          216

11.4.4      US           218

11.4.4.1  Modernization of existing transportation modalities to drive market    218

11.4.5      MEXICO                221

11.4.5.1  Rail network expansion and modernization to drive market                 221

11.4.6      CANADA               222

11.4.6.1  Elevated demand for passenger and freight transportation to drive market          222

11.5         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA                225

11.5.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  225

11.5.2      METRO/MONORAIL PROJECTS 227

11.5.3      RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS          228

11.5.4      SOUTH AFRICA 230

11.5.4.1  Government investments in railway sector to drive market                 230

11.5.5      UAE        233

11.5.5.1  Advances in rail infrastructure to drive market                233

11.5.6      EGYPT  235

11.5.6.1  Booming tourism industry to drive market      235

11.5.7      IRAN      237

11.6         REST OF THE WORLD    237

11.6.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  237

11.6.2      METRO/MONORAIL PROJECTS 240

11.6.3      BRAZIL 242

11.6.3.1  Growing rail investments and modernization to drive market                 242

11.6.4      RUSSIA 244

11.6.4.1  Expansion of metro and subway networks to drive market                 244

11.6.5      ARGENTINA       247

12            COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE         248

12.1         INTRODUCTION              248

12.2         KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2022–2025                 248

12.3         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024                 250

12.4         REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2020–2024  253

12.5         COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS                 254

12.6         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             255

12.7         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024                 256

12.7.1      STARS   256

12.7.2      EMERGING LEADERS     256

12.7.3      PERVASIVE PLAYERS      256

12.7.4      PARTICIPANTS 256

12.7.5      COMPANY FOOTPRINT 258

12.7.5.1  Company footprint               258

12.7.5.2  Region footprint   259

12.7.5.3  Application footprint            259

12.7.5.4  Product type footprint         260

12.7.5.5  Locomotive technology footprint       260

12.8         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: START-UPS/SMES, 2024        261

12.8.1      PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES         261

12.8.2      RESPONSIVE COMPANIES            261

12.8.3      DYNAMIC COMPANIES  261

12.8.4      STARTING BLOCKS         261

12.8.5      COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING               263

12.8.5.1  List of start-ups/SMEs        263

12.8.5.2  Competitive benchmarking of start-ups/SMEs               264

12.9         COMPETITIVE SCENARIO             265

12.9.1      PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS               265

12.9.2      DEALS  266

12.9.3      EXPANSIONS     267

12.9.4      CONTRACTS      268

13            COMPANY PROFILES      271

13.1         KEY PLAYERS     271

13.1.1      CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED 271

13.1.1.1  Business overview 271

13.1.1.2  Products offered   272

13.1.1.3  Recent developments           274

13.1.1.3.1                Product launches/developments        274

13.1.1.3.2                Deals      278

13.1.1.3.3                Contracts                279

13.1.1.4  MnM view              281

13.1.1.4.1                Key strengths        281

13.1.1.4.2                Strategic choices   281

13.1.1.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 281

13.1.2      SIEMENS AG       282

13.1.2.1  Business overview 282

13.1.2.2  Products offered   283

13.1.2.3  Recent developments           285

13.1.2.3.1                Product launches/developments        285

13.1.2.3.2                Deals      287

13.1.2.3.3                Expansions             288

13.1.2.3.4                Contracts                290

13.1.2.3.5                Other developments             295

13.1.2.4  MnM view              295

13.1.2.4.1                Key strengths        295

13.1.2.4.2                Strategic choices   295

13.1.2.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 295

13.1.3      ALSTOM SA        296

13.1.3.1  Business overview 296

13.1.3.2  Products offered   298

13.1.3.3  Recent developments           299

13.1.3.3.1                Product launches/developments        299

13.1.3.3.2                Deals      300

13.1.3.3.3                Expansions             304

13.1.3.3.4                Contracts                305

13.1.3.4  MnM view              310

13.1.3.4.1                Key strengths        310

13.1.3.4.2                Strategic choices   310

13.1.3.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 310

13.1.4      STADLER RAIL AG            311

13.1.4.1  Business overview 311

13.1.4.2  Products offered   313

13.1.4.3  Recent developments           315

13.1.4.3.1                Product launches/developments        315

13.1.4.3.2                Deals      316

13.1.4.3.3                Expansions             317

13.1.4.3.4                Contracts                317

13.1.4.3.5                Other developments             321

13.1.4.4  MnM view              322

13.1.4.4.1                Key strengths        322

13.1.4.4.2                Strategic choices   322

13.1.4.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 322

13.1.5      WABTEC CORPORATION              323

13.1.5.1  Business overview 323

13.1.5.2  Products offered   324

13.1.5.3  Recent developments           326

13.1.5.3.1                Product launches/developments        326

13.1.5.3.2                Deals      327

13.1.5.3.3                Expansions             329

13.1.5.3.4                Contracts                330

13.1.5.4  MnM view              332

13.1.5.4.1                Key strengths        332

13.1.5.4.2                Strategic choices   332

13.1.5.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 332

13.1.6      KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.     333

13.1.6.1  Business overview 333

13.1.6.2  Products offered   334

13.1.6.3  Recent developments           335

13.1.6.3.1                Product launches/developments        335

13.1.6.3.2                Contracts                336

13.1.7      CAF GROUP        337

13.1.7.1  Business overview 337

13.1.7.2  Products offered   338

13.1.7.3  Recent developments           339

13.1.7.3.1                Deals      339

13.1.7.3.2                Expansions             339

13.1.7.3.3                Contracts                340

13.1.8      HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY     343

13.1.8.1  Business overview 343

13.1.8.2  Products offered   344

13.1.8.3  Recent developments           344

13.1.8.3.1                Product launches/developments        344

13.1.8.3.2                Deals      345

13.1.8.3.3                Contracts                345

13.1.8.3.4                Other developments             347

13.1.9      MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.  348

13.1.9.1  Business overview 348

13.1.9.2  Products offered   349

13.1.9.3  Recent developments           349

13.1.9.3.1                Deals      349

13.1.9.3.2                Expansions             349

13.1.9.3.3                Contracts                350

13.1.10   TALGO 351

13.1.10.1                 Business overview 351

13.1.10.2                 Products offered   352

13.1.10.3                 Recent developments           353

13.1.10.3.1             Product launches/developments        353

13.1.10.3.2             Deals      353

13.1.10.3.3             Contracts                354

13.1.11   TRANSMASHHOLDING 355

13.1.11.1                 Business overview 355

13.1.11.2                 Products offered   355

13.1.11.3                 Recent developments           357

13.1.11.3.1             Product launches/developments        357

13.1.11.3.2             Deals      357

13.1.11.3.3             Expansions             357

13.1.11.3.4             Contracts                358

13.1.12   TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED         359

13.1.12.1                 Business overview 359

13.1.12.2                 Products offered   360

13.1.12.3                 Recent developments           361

13.1.12.3.1             Product launches/developments        361

13.1.12.3.2             Deals      361

13.1.12.3.3             Contracts                362

13.2         OTHER PLAYERS              363

13.2.1      TOSHIBA CORPORATION             363

13.2.2      HITACHI RAIL LIMITED 364

13.2.3      STRUKTON         365

13.2.4      DEUTSCHE BAHN AG     366

13.2.5      BEML LIMITED 367

13.2.6      RAIL VIKAS NIGAM LIMITED       368

13.2.7      BRAITHWAITE & CO. (INDIA) LTD.           369

13.2.8      CHITTARANJAN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 370

13.2.9      WJIS       371

13.2.10   RHOMBERG SERSA RAIL HOLDING GMBH            372

13.2.11   SINARA TRANSPORT MACHINES               373

13.2.12   TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.          374

13.2.13   THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES 375

13.2.14   DAWONSYS CO., LTD.    376

14            RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS                 377

14.1         ASIA OCEANIA TO BE LEADING MARKET FOR ROLLING STOCK  377

14.2         ELEVATED DEMAND FOR WAGONS DUE TO RISE IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION     377

14.3         NEED FOR FAST URBAN TRANSPORTATION TO BOOST MARKET FOR SUBWAYS/METROS            378

14.4         CONCLUSION    378

15            APPENDIX           379

15.1         KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS             379

15.2         DISCUSSION GUIDE        379

15.3         KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL                383

15.4         CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS        385

15.4.1      ADDITIONAL COMPANY PROFILES (UP TO FIVE)                 385

15.4.2      ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, AT COUNTRY LEVEL

(FOR COUNTRIES COVERED IN REPORT)              385

15.4.3      ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, AT COUNTRY LEVEL

(FOR COUNTRIES COVERED IN REPORT)              385

15.5         RELATED REPORTS         385

15.6         AUTHOR DETAILS           386

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1                MARKET DEFINITION, BY PRODUCT TYPE                 30

TABLE 2                MARKET DEFINITION, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY  31

TABLE 3                MARKET DEFINITION, BY APPLICATION                 31

TABLE 4                CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES  35

TABLE 5                MOST CONGESTED CITIES, 2024                59

TABLE 6                ROLLING STOCK MODERNIZATION INTERVALS, BY COMPONENT              62

TABLE 7                MINING PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY, 2024                 64

TABLE 8                IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS               67

TABLE 9                INDICATIVE PRICING OF ROLLING STOCK OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS,

2024 (USD THOUSAND) 69

TABLE 10              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2022–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      70

TABLE 11              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      71

TABLE 12              ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM    73

TABLE 13              PATENT ANALYSIS          79

TABLE 14              AUTONOMOUS TRAIN TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSOCIATED BENEFITS 84

TABLE 15              LEVEL OF AUTONOMY FOR ROLLING STOCK                 85

TABLE 16              LIST OF FUNDING, 2023–2024      93

TABLE 17              FUNDING, BY APPLICATION       94

TABLE 18              IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8604-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               96

TABLE 19              EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8604-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               97

TABLE 20              IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8603-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               98

TABLE 21              EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8603-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               99

TABLE 22              RAIL TRACTION ENGINE (STAGE III A) STANDARDS      102

TABLE 23              RAIL TRACTION ENGINE (STAGE III B) STANDARDS      102

TABLE 24              STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS, AND SUBSYSTEMS      103

TABLE 25              NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  104

TABLE 26              EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  105

TABLE 27              ASIA OCEANIA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  106

TABLE 28              REST OF THE WORLD: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  107

TABLE 29              KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025–2026                 107

TABLE 30              INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS

FOR TOP THREE PRODUCT TYPES (%)  108

TABLE 31              KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE PRODUCT TYPES             109

TABLE 32              GLOBAL DEMONSTRATION AND DEPLOYMENT OF CLEAN RAIL TECHNOLOGIES              111

TABLE 33              IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTONOMOUS TRAIN PROJECTS

BY AUTOMATION LEVEL (GOA)                117

TABLE 34              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)            119

TABLE 35              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)            120

TABLE 36              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            120

TABLE 37              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            120

TABLE 38              ROLLING STOCK MODELS, BY COMPANY                 121

TABLE 39              LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               122

TABLE 40              LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               122

TABLE 41              LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                122

TABLE 42              LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                123

TABLE 43              DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  123

TABLE 44              DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  124

TABLE 45              DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   124

TABLE 46              DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   124

TABLE 47              ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  125

TABLE 48              ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  125

TABLE 49              ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   126

TABLE 50              ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   126

TABLE 51              ELECTRO-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  127

TABLE 52              ELECTRO-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  127

TABLE 53              ELECTRO-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   128

TABLE 54              ELECTRO-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   128

TABLE 55              RAPID TRANSIT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               129

TABLE 56              RAPID TRANSIT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               130

TABLE 57              RAPID TRANSIT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                130

TABLE 58              RAPID TRANSIT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                130

TABLE 59              DIESEL MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  131

TABLE 60              DIESEL MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  131

TABLE 61              DIESEL MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   132

TABLE 62              DIESEL MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   132

TABLE 63              ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  133

TABLE 64              ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  133

TABLE 65              ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   134

TABLE 66              ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   134

TABLE 67             LIGHT RAILS/TRAMS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  135

TABLE 68             LIGHT RAILS/TRAMS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  135

TABLE 69             LIGHT RAILS/TRAMS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   136

TABLE 70             LIGHT RAILS/TRAMS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   136

TABLE 71              SUBWAYS/METROS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  137

TABLE 72              SUBWAYS/METROS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  137

TABLE 73              SUBWAYS/METROS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   137

TABLE 74              SUBWAYS/METROS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   138

TABLE 75              COACHES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)         139

TABLE 76              COACHES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)         139

TABLE 77              COACHES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          140

TABLE 78              COACHES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          140

TABLE 79              WAGONS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)         141

TABLE 80              WAGONS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)         141

TABLE 81              WAGONS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          141

TABLE 82              WAGONS: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          142

TABLE 83              HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE MODELS                 145

TABLE 84              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, 2021–2024 (UNITS)           146

TABLE 85              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, 2025–2032 (UNITS)           146

TABLE 86              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            147

TABLE 87              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            147

TABLE 88              CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  148

TABLE 89              CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  148

TABLE 90              CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   148

TABLE 91              CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   149

TABLE 92              TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)  150

TABLE 93              TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)  150

TABLE 94              TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)   150

TABLE 95              TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)   151

TABLE 96              COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL HIGH-SPEED RAIL,

MAGLEV, AND HYPERLOOP        152

TABLE 97              EXISTING/UPCOMING HIGH-SPEED TRAIN MODELS               155

TABLE 98              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)            156

TABLE 99              ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)            156

TABLE 100            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            156

TABLE 101            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            157

TABLE 102            PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        158

TABLE 103            PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        158

TABLE 104            PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         158

TABLE 105            PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         159

TABLE 106            PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)         159

TABLE 107            PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)         160

TABLE 108            PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)          160

TABLE 109            PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)          160

TABLE 110            PASSENGER COACH MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)      161

TABLE 111            PASSENGER COACH MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)      161

TABLE 112            PASSENGER COACH MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       162

TABLE 113            PASSENGER COACH MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       162

TABLE 114            FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        163

TABLE 115            FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        163

TABLE 116            FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         163

TABLE 117            FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         164

TABLE 118            FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)            164

TABLE 119            FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)            165

TABLE 120            FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 121            FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 122            FREIGHT WAGON MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)      166

TABLE 123            FREIGHT WAGON MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)      166

TABLE 124            FREIGHT WAGON MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       167

TABLE 125            FREIGHT WAGON MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       167

TABLE 126            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (UNITS)      175

TABLE 127            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (UNITS)      175

TABLE 128            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)       175

TABLE 129            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       176

TABLE 130            ASIA OCEANIA: PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS            179

TABLE 131            ASIA OCEANIA: PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL PROJECTS            180

TABLE 132            ASIA OCEANIA: PROPOSED HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS                 181

TABLE 133            ASIA OCEANIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (UNITS)    182

TABLE 134            ASIA OCEANIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (UNITS)    182

TABLE 135            ASIA OCEANIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            183

TABLE 136            ASIA OCEANIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            183

TABLE 137            RAILWAY PROJECTS UNDER CHINA BELT                 184

TABLE 138            CHINA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        185

TABLE 139            CHINA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        186

TABLE 140            CHINA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         186

TABLE 141            CHINA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         187

TABLE 142            INDIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               188

TABLE 143            INDIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               188

TABLE 144            INDIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                189

TABLE 145            INDIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                189

TABLE 146            JAPAN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               190

TABLE 147            JAPAN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               191

TABLE 148            JAPAN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                191

TABLE 149            JAPAN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                192

TABLE 150            SOUTH KOREA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        193

TABLE 151            SOUTH KOREA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        193

TABLE 152            SOUTH KOREA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            194

TABLE 153            SOUTH KOREA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            194

TABLE 154            EUROPE: PROPOSED METRO/HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY PROJECTS       199

TABLE 155            EUROPE: PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS                 199

TABLE 156            EUROPE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (UNITS)    200

TABLE 157            EUROPE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (UNITS)    201

TABLE 158            EUROPE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)     201

TABLE 159            EUROPE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)     201

TABLE 160            GERMANY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        202

TABLE 161            GERMANY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        202

TABLE 162            GERMANY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            203

TABLE 163            GERMANY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            203

TABLE 164            FRANCE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        204

TABLE 165            FRANCE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        205

TABLE 166            FRANCE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            205

TABLE 167            FRANCE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            206

TABLE 168            UK: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               206

TABLE 169            UK: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               207

TABLE 170            UK: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                207

TABLE 171            UK: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                208

TABLE 172            ITALY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               209

TABLE 173            ITALY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               209

TABLE 174            ITALY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                210

TABLE 175            ITALY: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                210

TABLE 176            SPAIN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               211

TABLE 177            SPAIN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               211

TABLE 178            SPAIN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                212

TABLE 179            SPAIN: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                212

TABLE 180            NORTH AMERICA: PROPOSED HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS                 216

TABLE 181            NORTH AMERICA: PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS            216

TABLE 182            NORTH AMERICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (UNITS)              217

TABLE 183            NORTH AMERICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (UNITS)              217

TABLE 184            NORTH AMERICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            218

TABLE 185            NORTH AMERICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            218

TABLE 186            US: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               219

TABLE 187            US: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               219

TABLE 188            US: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                220

TABLE 189            US: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                220

TABLE 190            MEXICO: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        221

TABLE 191            MEXICO: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        221

TABLE 192            MEXICO: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            222

TABLE 193            MEXICO: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            222

TABLE 194            CANADA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        223

TABLE 195            CANADA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        223

TABLE 196            CANADA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            224

TABLE 197            CANADA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            224

TABLE 198            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PROPOSED METRO/MONORAIL PROJECTS 227

TABLE 199            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS        228

TABLE 200            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (UNITS)              229

TABLE 201            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (UNITS)              229

TABLE 202            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               230

TABLE 203            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)               230

TABLE 204            SOUTH AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        231

TABLE 205            SOUTH AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        231

TABLE 206            SOUTH AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            232

TABLE 207            SOUTH AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            232

TABLE 208            UAE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)               233

TABLE 209            UAE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)               233

TABLE 210            UAE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)                234

TABLE 211            UAE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)                234

TABLE 212            EGYPT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        235

TABLE 213            EGYPT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        235

TABLE 214            EGYPT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         236

TABLE 215            EGYPT: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         236

TABLE 216            REST OF THE WORLD: PROPOSED METRO/MONORAIL PROJECTS 240

TABLE 217            REST OF THE WORLD: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (UNITS)            240

TABLE 218            REST OF THE WORLD: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (UNITS)            241

TABLE 219            REST OF THE WORLD: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (USD MILLION)            241

TABLE 220            REST OF THE WORLD: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            241

TABLE 221            BRAZIL: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        242

TABLE 222            BRAZIL: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        243

TABLE 223            BRAZIL: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         243

TABLE 224            BRAZIL: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         244

TABLE 225            RUSSIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (UNITS)        245

TABLE 226            RUSSIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (UNITS)        245

TABLE 227            RUSSIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)         246

TABLE 228            RUSSIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)         246

TABLE 229            KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2022–2025        248

TABLE 230            ROLLING STOCK MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 250

TABLE 231            REGION FOOTPRINT     259

TABLE 232            APPLICATION FOOTPRINT         259

TABLE 233            PRODUCT TYPE FOOTPRINT     260

TABLE 234            LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOOTPRINT                 260

TABLE 235            LIST OF START-UPS/SMES           263

TABLE 236            COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF START-UPS/SMES           264

TABLE 237            ROLLING STOCK MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS, 2022–2025                265

TABLE 238            ROLLING STOCK MARKET: DEALS, 2022–2025                 266

TABLE 239            ROLLING STOCK MARKET: EXPANSIONS, 2022–2025        267

TABLE 240            ROLLING STOCK MARKET: CONTRACTS, 2022–2025        268

TABLE 241            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW          271

TABLE 242            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: PRODUCTS OFFERED             272

TABLE 243            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    274

TABLE 244            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: DEALS 278

TABLE 245            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: CONTRACTS                 279

TABLE 246            SIEMENS AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW        282

TABLE 247            SIEMENS AG: PRODUCTS OFFERED         283

TABLE 248            SIEMENS AG: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    285

TABLE 249            SIEMENS AG: DEALS       287

TABLE 250            SIEMENS AG: EXPANSIONS          288

TABLE 251            SIEMENS AG: CONTRACTS           290

TABLE 252            SIEMENS AG: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS  295

TABLE 253            ALSTOM SA: COMPANY OVERVIEW         296

TABLE 254            ALSTOM SA: PRODUCTS OFFERED          298

TABLE 255            ALSTOM SA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    299

TABLE 256            ALSTOM SA: DEALS         300

TABLE 257            ALSTOM SA: EXPANSIONS            304

TABLE 258            ALSTOM SA: CONTRACTS             305

TABLE 259            STADLER RAIL AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 311

TABLE 260            STADLER RAIL AG: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 313

TABLE 261            STADLER RAIL AG: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    315

TABLE 262            STADLER RAIL AG: DEALS            316

TABLE 263            STADLER RAIL AG: EXPANSIONS               317

TABLE 264            STADLER RAIL AG: CONTRACTS                317

TABLE 265            STADLER RAIL AG: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS                 321

TABLE 266            WABTEC CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 323

TABLE 267            WABTEC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 324

TABLE 268            WABTEC CORPORATION: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    326

TABLE 269            WABTEC CORPORATION: DEALS              327

TABLE 270            WABTEC CORPORATION: EXPANSIONS 329

TABLE 271            WABTEC CORPORATION: CONTRACTS 330

TABLE 272            KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW   333

TABLE 273            KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED    334

TABLE 274            KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS               335

TABLE 275            KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: CONTRACTS      336

TABLE 276            CAF GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW         337

TABLE 277            CAF GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED          338

TABLE 278            CAF GROUP: DEALS        339

TABLE 279            CAF GROUP: EXPANSIONS           339

TABLE 280            CAF GROUP: CONTRACTS            340

TABLE 281            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: COMPANY OVERVIEW          343

TABLE 282            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: PRODUCTS OFFERED             344

TABLE 283            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    344

TABLE 284            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: DEALS     345

TABLE 285            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: CONTRACTS                 345

TABLE 286            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              347

TABLE 287            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW   348

TABLE 288            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED    349

TABLE 289            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: DEALS                 349

TABLE 290            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: EXPANSIONS     349

TABLE 291            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: CONTRACTS      350

TABLE 292            TALGO: COMPANY OVERVIEW  351

TABLE 293            TALGO: PRODUCTS OFFERED   352

TABLE 294            TALGO: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    353

TABLE 295            TALGO: DEALS 353

TABLE 296            TALGO: CONTRACTS     354

TABLE 297            TRANSMASHHOLDING: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 355

TABLE 298            TRANSMASHHOLDING: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 355

TABLE 299            TRANSMASHHOLDING: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    357

TABLE 300            TRANSMASHHOLDING: DEALS  357

TABLE 301            TRANSMASHHOLDING: EXPANSIONS     357

TABLE 302            TRANSMASHHOLDING: CONTRACTS      358

TABLE 303            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW          359

TABLE 304            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: PRODUCTS OFFERED             360

TABLE 305            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    361

TABLE 306            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: DEALS                 361

TABLE 307            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: CONTRACTS      362

TABLE 308            TOSHIBA CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          363

TABLE 309            HITACHI RAIL LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 364

TABLE 310            STRUKTON: COMPANY OVERVIEW          365

TABLE 311            DEUTSCHE BAHN AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 366

TABLE 312            BEML LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW  367

TABLE 313            RAIL VIKAS NIGAM LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW          368

TABLE 314            BRAITHWAITE & CO. (INDIA) LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          369

TABLE 315            CHITTARANJAN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS: COMPANY OVERVIEW   370

TABLE 316            WJIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW        371

TABLE 317            RHOMBERG SERSA RAIL HOLDING GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW   372

TABLE 318            SINARA TRANSPORT MACHINES: COMPANY OVERVIEW          373

TABLE 319            TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          374

TABLE 320            THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW          375

TABLE 321            DAWONSYS CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 376

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1              ROLLING STOCK MARKET SEGMENTATION                 32

FIGURE 2              RESEARCH DESIGN         37

FIGURE 3              RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL         38

FIGURE 4              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING           43

FIGURE 5              BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              44

FIGURE 6              TOP-DOWN APPROACH                45

FIGURE 7              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION NOTES         45

FIGURE 8              DATA TRIANGULATION                46

FIGURE 9              GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS               47

FIGURE 10            DEMAND- AND SUPPLY-SIDE FACTOR ANALYSIS            48

FIGURE 11            ROLLING STOCK MARKET OVERVIEW   51

FIGURE 12            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032        52

FIGURE 13            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032              53

FIGURE 14            RISING INVESTMENTS IN RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS TO DRIVE MARKET   54

FIGURE 15            RAPID TRANSIT TO BE LARGEST SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD       54

FIGURE 16            FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION TO HOLD HIGHER SHARE THAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION DURING FORECAST PERIOD         55

FIGURE 17            CONVENTIONAL LOCOMOTIVES TO BE LARGER THAN TURBOCHARGED LOCOMOTIVES DURING FORECAST PERIOD         55

FIGURE 18            ASIA OCEANIA TO BE LEADING REGIONAL MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    56

FIGURE 19            ROLLING STOCK MARKET DYNAMICS   58

FIGURE 20            GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS FROM DIFFERENT TRANSPORT SEGMENTS, 2019–2030          59

FIGURE 21            ENERGY DEMAND FROM RAILWAYS, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2050      61

FIGURE 22            FREIGHT LOADING IN INDIA, 2020–2024                 61

FIGURE 23            PROTOTYPE OF HYDROGEN TRAIN        65

FIGURE 24            BENEFITS OF USING BATTERIES IN RAIL FOR MAXIMUM OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY 66

FIGURE 25            TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS   68

FIGURE 26            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2022–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      70

FIGURE 27            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022–2024 (USD THOUSAND)      71

FIGURE 28            ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  72

FIGURE 29            SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             74

FIGURE 30            PATENT ANALYSIS          78

FIGURE 31            LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS, 2015–2024 79

FIGURE 32            REGENERATIVE BRAKING IN TRAINS      83

FIGURE 33            SPECIFICATIONS OF TRI-MODE BATTERY TRAINS 85

FIGURE 34            THALES RAILWAY DIGITALIZATION       87

FIGURE 35            TRAIN CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM                 88

FIGURE 36            BIG DATA IN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION                 90

FIGURE 37            INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO, 2022–2025        92

FIGURE 38            ADVANTAGES OF HARNESSING AI IN RAILWAY OPERATIONS     95

FIGURE 39            IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8604-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               97

FIGURE 40            EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8604-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               98

FIGURE 41            IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8603-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               99

FIGURE 42            EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8603-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS,

BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD MILLION)               100

FIGURE 43            INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS

FOR TOP THREE PRODUCT TYPES          108

FIGURE 44            KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE PRODUCT TYPES             109

FIGURE 45            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            119

FIGURE 46            ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES TO BE DOMINANT DURING FORECAST PERIOD       122

FIGURE 47            ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS TO BE DOMINANT DURING FORECAST PERIOD       129

FIGURE 48            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY LOCOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            146

FIGURE 49            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            156

FIGURE 50            COACHES TO BE DOMINANT IN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 158

FIGURE 51            WAGONS TO BE DOMINANT IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 163

FIGURE 52            ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)       174

FIGURE 53            ASIA OCEANIA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      177

FIGURE 54            ASIA OCEANIA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026              178

FIGURE 55            ASIA OCEANIA: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES,

BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                178

FIGURE 56            ASIA OCEANIA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP,

BY COUNTRY, 2024           179

FIGURE 57            ASIA OCEANIA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET SNAPSHOT          182

FIGURE 58            EUROPE: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      196

FIGURE 59            EUROPE: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026        197

FIGURE 60            EUROPE: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES,

BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                197

FIGURE 61            EUROPE: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, BY COUNTRY, 2024     197

FIGURE 62            EUROPE: ROLLING STOCK MARKET SNAPSHOT                 200

FIGURE 63            NORTH AMERICA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                214

FIGURE 64            NORTH AMERICA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      215

FIGURE 65            NORTH AMERICA: CPI INFLATION RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      215

FIGURE 66            NORTH AMERICA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP,

BY COUNTRY, 2024           215

FIGURE 67            NORTH AMERICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET SNAPSHOT          217

FIGURE 68            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026  225

FIGURE 69            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      226

FIGURE 70            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: CPI INFLATION RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                226

FIGURE 71            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION

TO GDP, BY COUNTRY, 2024        227

FIGURE 72            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ROLLING STOCK MARKET,

BY COUNTRY, 2025–2032 (USD MILLION)               229

FIGURE 73            REST OF THE WORLD: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, 2024–2026                 238

FIGURE 74            REST OF THE WORLD: GDP PER CAPITA, 2024–2026        238

FIGURE 75            REST OF THE WORLD: CPI INFLATION RATE, 2024–2026              239

FIGURE 76            REST OF THE WORLD: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP,

BY COUNTRY, 2024           239

FIGURE 77            REST OF THE WORLD: ROLLING STOCK MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2032 (USD MILLION)            240

FIGURE 78            MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2024        251

FIGURE 79            REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS, 2020–2024              253

FIGURE 80            COMPANY VALUATION (USD BILLION) 254

FIGURE 81            FINANCIAL METRICS (EV/EBITDA)          254

FIGURE 82            BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             255

FIGURE 83            COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (KEY PLAYERS), 2024  257

FIGURE 84            COMPANY FOOTPRINT 258

FIGURE 85            COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (START-UPS/SMES), 2024                262

FIGURE 86            CRRC CORPORATION LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          271

FIGURE 87            SIEMENS AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT        283

FIGURE 88            ALSTOM SA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT         297

FIGURE 89            ALSTOM SA: NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY SPACE   297

FIGURE 90            STADLER RAIL AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 312

FIGURE 91            STADLER RAIL AG: FUTURE STRATEGY OVERVIEW          312

FIGURE 92            WABTEC CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          323

FIGURE 93            WABTEC CORPORATION: NORTH AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVES MARKET SNAPSHOT      324

FIGURE 94            KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT   334

FIGURE 95            CAF GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT        338

FIGURE 96            HYUNDAI ROTEM COMPANY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          343

FIGURE 97            MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT   348

FIGURE 98            TALGO: COMPANY SNAPSHOT  351

FIGURE 99            TITAGARH RAIL SYSTEMS LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          359