電気自動車市場規模、シェア、動向、2035年までの世界予測

Electric Vehicle Market - Global Forecast to 2035

Electric Vehicle Market by Vehicle Type, Propulsion, Vehicle Connectivity, Component, End Use, P-EV market by EV Architecture, Top Speed, Drive Type, Body Type, H-EV market by Configuration, MHEV market by Topology, and Region - Global Forecast 2035

商品番号 : SMB-2177

出版社MarketsandMarkets
出版年月2025年10月
ページ数486
図表数525
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

電気自動車市場 – 車両タイプ、推進力、車両コネクティビティ、コンポーネント、最終用途、EVアーキテクチャ、最高速度、駆動タイプ、ボディタイプ別のP-EV市場、構成別のH-EV市場、トポロジー別のMHEV市場、地域別 – 2035年の世界予測

プラグイン電気自動車市場は、2025年の6,986.3億米ドルから2035年には1兆1,895.9億米ドルに、CAGR 5.5%で成長すると予測されています。ハイブリッド電気自動車市場(HEV+MHEV)は、2025年の4,468.7億米ドルから2035年には6,677.5億米ドルに、CAGR 4.1%で成長すると見込まれています。

電気自動車市場は、乗用車および商用車セグメント全体にわたるバッテリー駆動のモビリティの需要の高まりに牽引され、着実な成長が見込まれています。主な要因としては、バッテリーのエネルギー密度の向上、充電能力の高速化、車両の安全性と性能の向上が挙げられます。欧州の2035年ゼロエミッション目標などの政府政策や、ドイツやノルウェーなどの国の支援規制は、中国や米国での補助金の段階的廃止にもかかわらず、普及を加速させています。充電インフラの拡張とパワートレイン効率への投資により、走行距離の延長と所有コストの削減が可能になります。 EVへの消費者の関心が高まるにつれ、OEMは改良された熱管理システムやソフトウェアによるエネルギー最適化といった先進技術の統合に注力し、車両の安全性、効率性、そしてユーザーフレンドリー性を高めています。車両設計、ソフトウェア統合、そしてエネルギー管理における継続的なイノベーションは、予測期間全体を通してEV市場の持続的な成長を支えています。

本レポートは、電気自動車市場を、車両タイプ(乗用車および商用車)、駆動方式(バッテリー電気自動車、燃料電池電気自動車、プラグインハイブリッド電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、およびマイルドハイブリッド電気自動車)、EVアーキテクチャ(400Vおよび800V)、車両最高速度(時速125マイル未満および時速125マイル超)、車両駆動方式(前輪駆動、後輪駆動、および全輪駆動)、車体タイプ(SUV/MPV、セダン、およびハッチバック)、構成タイプ(シリーズ、パラレル、およびシリーズパラレル)、トポロジー(P0、P1、P2、P3、およびP4)、車両コネクティビティ(V2G、V2H/V2B、およびV2L)、駆動方式およびコンポーネント(BEVコンポーネント、PHEVコンポーネント、FCEVコンポーネント、HEVコンポーネント、およびMHEVコンポーネント)、最終用途(自家用車および商用車)、および地域の観点から網羅しています。また、主要な電気自動車市場の競合状況と企業プロファイルも網羅しています。この調査には、主要な市場プレーヤー、その企業プロファイル、製品およびビジネス提供に関する主要な観察、最近の動向、主要な市場戦略に関する詳細な競合分析も含まれています。

レポートを購入する主なメリット

  • 電気自動車市場とそのサブセグメントの収益数値の最も近い概算に関する情報を提供し、市場リーダー/新規参入企業に役立ちます。
  • 関係者が競争環境を理解し、ビジネスの位置付けを改善し、適切な市場参入戦略を計画するための洞察を深めるのに役立ちます。
  • 利害関係者が市場の動向を理解するのにも役立ち、主要な市場の推進要因、制約、課題、機会に関する情報も提供します。
  • 関係者が電気自動車市場の現在および将来の価格動向を理解するのにも役立ちます。
  • 推進力、車両タイプ、駆動タイプ、EV アーキテクチャ、ボディタイプ、地域、およびその他のパラメータに基づいて、電気自動車市場のさまざまなトレンドに関する情報を提供し、市場リーダー/新規参入者に役立ちます。

The plug-in electric vehicle market is predicted to grow from USD 698.63 billion in 2025 to USD 1,189.59 billion in 2035, at a CAGR of 5.5%. The hybrid electric vehicle market (HEV+MHEV) is set to grow from USD 446.87 billion in 2025 to USD 667.75 billion in 2035, at a CAGR of 4.1%. The electric vehicle market is set for steady growth, driven by rising demand for battery-powered mobility across passenger and commercial segments. Key factors include improvements in battery energy density, faster charging capabilities, and enhanced vehicle safety and performance. Government policies, such as Europe’s 2035 zero-emission targets and supportive regulations in countries like Germany and Norway, are accelerating adoption despite subsidies in China and the US being phased out. Expansion of charging infrastructure and investments in powertrain efficiency enable longer ranges and lower ownership costs. Consumer interest in EVs is fostering OEM focus on integrating advanced technologies such as improved thermal management systems and software-driven energy optimization, ensuring vehicles are safer, more efficient, and user-friendly. Continuous innovation in vehicle design, software integration, and energy management supports sustained growth in the EV market throughout the forecast period.

電気自動車市場規模、シェア、動向、2035年までの世界予測
Electric Vehicle Market – Global Forecast to 2035

“Front-wheel drive type is expected to have the largest growth in the electric vehicle market during the forecast period.”

The front-wheel drive (FWD) segment is expected to witness the largest growth in the electric vehicle market over the forecast period, driven by its cost efficiency, practicality, and suitability for urban and high-traffic conditions. FWD systems are simpler and cheaper to produce than RWD or AWD configurations, translating into more affordable EV options for budget-conscious consumers. The lower drivetrain weight improves energy efficiency and range, while the weight distribution over the front axle provides better traction in rainy or snowy conditions, making FWD vehicles appealing in diverse climates. Leading FWD EV models such as Nissan Leaf, Hyundai Kona Electric, Toyota bZ4X, and mini EVs like GW Black Cat, GW White Cat, and GW Good Cat have demonstrated strong market acceptance due to their practicality and cost-effectiveness. Manufacturers have also leveraged FWD architectures by converting existing ICE platforms to EVs, accelerating early adoption. Recent launches, including Hyundai’s Kona Electric FWD variant in Thailand in February 2025 with a 450 km range, further reinforce the segment’s growth potential. While RWD and AWD continue to see demand in performance and premium models, FWD is expected to dominate due to affordability, efficiency, and suitability for everyday urban mobility.

電気自動車市場規模、シェア、動向、2035年までの世界予測 - 車両タイプ
Electric Vehicle Market – Global Forecast to 2035 – type

“400V architecture is expected to hold the largest share in the electric vehicle market during the forecast period.”

The 400V electric architecture is expected to hold the largest share in the electric vehicle market over the forecast period, driven by its widespread adoption, cost efficiency, and compatibility with existing charging infrastructure. Most early and mid-range EVs utilize 400V systems due to their balance of performance, moderate charging speeds, and lower production costs compared with higher-voltage architectures. The voltage in these systems ranges between 300V and 500V, depending on factors such as state of charge, temperature, and battery age, offering flexibility while maintaining efficiency. Leading global EV models powered by 400V architecture include Hyundai Kona Electric, Kia Niro EV, Volkswagen ID.4, BMW i4, Mercedes EQE, Kia EV6, Tesla Model 3, and mass-market launches such as Tata Motors’ planned 400V EVs on its acti.ev platform. Another example is the Kia EV4, unveiled at Kia’s 2025 EV Day, built on the 400V E-GMP platform with battery options offering up to 630 km range and fast 400V charging capabilities. Nissan launched the new LEAF based on a 400V architecture in September 2025. The mature supply chain, high-volume component availability, and lower purchase prices make 400V systems attractive for both OEMs and consumers. While 800V architectures are emerging for high-performance, fast-charging EVs, the combination of cost advantages, established production processes, and broad compatibility ensures that 400V systems will continue to dominate the EV market during the forecast period.

電気自動車市場規模、シェア、動向、2035年までの世界予測 - 地域
Electric Vehicle Market – Global Forecast to 2035 – region

“Europe set to witness a significant growth in the electric vehicle market during the forecast period.”

Europe is set to witness notable growth in the electric vehicle market over the forecast period, driven by regulatory mandates, strong OEM commitments, and expanding consumer adoption. Policies such as the EU 2035 zero-emission target for new cars and vans, coupled with stricter CO2 reduction standards for 2030, are accelerating the shift toward fully electric passenger cars and plug-in hybrids. Leading European automakers, including Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and Stellantis, are investing heavily in EV production, software integration, and dedicated charging infrastructure, while introducing models like the VW ID.4, BMW iX, and Mercedes EQC to meet rising consumer demand. The growing adoption of plug-in hybrids supports continued demand for dual powertrain systems, while battery electric vehicles are driving expansion in high-capacity battery packs, thermal management systems, and inverter cooling solutions. In the first half of 2025, BEV registrations in Europe surged 34% year-over-year, reaching 15.6% of market share, with PHEVs accounting for 8.4% of sales. Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands led this growth, supported by increased charging infrastructure and consumer incentives. At the IAA Mobility auto show in Munich, Chinese luxury automaker Hongqi unveiled the EHS5, a compact electric SUV with a 550 km range and fast charging capability (10% to 80% in 20 minutes), targeting urban and suburban drivers. Europe’s strong automotive manufacturing base, combined with investments in localized component production and charging networks, is ensuring supply chain resilience and competitiveness. Regulatory pressure, OEM electrification roadmaps, hybrid adoption, and consumer demand are positioning Europe for sustained growth in the electric vehicle market.

In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market.

  • By Company Type: Tier I – 42%, Tier II – 35%, and Tier III – 23%
  • By Designation: Directors – 36%, Managers – 43%, and Others – 21%
  • By Region: Asia Pacific – 17%, Southeast Asia – 11%, Europe – 28%, North America – 31%, Latin America – 8%, Middle East – 3%, and Africa – 2%

The electric vehicle market is dominated by major players, including BYD Company Ltd. (China), Tesla (US), Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (China), Volkswagen Group (Germany), and General Motors (US). These companies are expanding their portfolios to strengthen their electric vehicle market position.

電気自動車市場規模、シェア、動向、2035年までの世界予測 - 対象企業
Electric Vehicle Market – Global Forecast to 2035 – ecosystem

Research Coverage

The report covers the electric vehicle market in terms of vehicle type (passenger cars and commercial vehicles), propulsion (battery electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, and mild hybrid electric vehicle), by EV architecture (400V and 800V), vehicle top speed (<125 mph and >125 mph), vehicle drive type (front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, and all wheel drive), vehicle body type (SUV/MPV, sedan, and hatchback), configuration type (series, parallel, and series-parallel), topology (P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4), vehicle connectivity (V2G, V2H/V2B, and V2L), propulsion & component (BEV components, PHEV components, FCEV components, HEV components, and MHEV components), end use (private and commercial fleets), and region. It covers the competitive landscape and company profiles of the significant electric vehicle market players.

The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key market players, their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report

  • The report will help market leaders/new entrants with information on the closest approximations of revenue numbers for the electric vehicle market and its subsegments.
  • This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies.
  • The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
  • The report also helps stakeholders understand the current and future pricing trends of the electric vehicle market.
  • The report will help market leaders/new entrants with information on various trends in the electric vehicle market based on propulsion, vehicle type, drive type, EV architecture, body type, region, and other parameters.

The report provides insight into the following pointers:

  • Analysis of key drivers (policy support for EV adoption, Reduced operating and maintenance costs, Next generation battery innovations, zero tailpipe and vehicle lifecycle emissions, declining costs of EV batteries), restraints (high initial purchase price, capital-intensive charging infrastructure deployment, battery durability and lifecycle management, geopolitical instability and supply chain disruptions), opportunities (accelerated investment in charging infrastructure, innovation in wireless and on-the-move charging, fleet electrification and commercial deployment, expansion of Charging-as-a-Service (CaaS) business model, integration of bidirectional charging and smart parking), and challenges (extended charging duration constraints, fragmented charging standards and infrastructure)
  • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the electric vehicle market
  • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the electric vehicle market across varied regions.
  • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the electric vehicle market
  • Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market share, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like BYD Company Ltd. (China), Tesla (US), Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (China), Volkswagen Group (Germany), and General Motors (US), among others, in the electric vehicle market.

Table of Contents

1               INTRODUCTION              35

1.1           STUDY OBJECTIVES       35

1.2           MARKET DEFINITION   36

1.3           STUDY SCOPE   42

1.3.1        MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE      42

1.3.2        INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 43

1.3.3        YEARS CONSIDERED      44

1.4           CURRENCY CONSIDERED            44

1.5           UNIT CONSIDERED        45

1.6           STAKEHOLDERS               45

1.7           SUMMARY OF CHANGES               45

2               RESEARCH METHODOLOGY       46

2.1           RESEARCH DATA              46

2.1.1        SECONDARY DATA          47

2.1.1.1    Secondary sources                48

2.1.1.2    Key data from secondary sources       49

2.1.2        PRIMARY DATA 49

2.1.2.1    Primary participants             50

2.1.2.2    Primary interviews from demand and supply sides         50

2.1.2.3    Breakdown of primary interviews      51

2.2           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION         52

2.2.1        BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              54

2.2.2        TOP-DOWN APPROACH                55

2.3           DATA TRIANGULATION                56

2.4           FACTOR ANALYSIS          58

2.5           RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS           59

2.6           RESEARCH LIMITATIONS             60

2.7           RISK ASSESSMENT           61

3               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  62

4               PREMIUM INSIGHTS       65

4.1           ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET                65

4.2           ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE                 65

4.3           ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION 66

4.4           PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY TOP SPEED                 66

4.5           PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY DRIVE TYPE                 67

4.6           PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE                67

4.7           PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE BODY TYPE        68

4.8           HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE                 68

4.9           PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION                 69

5               MARKET OVERVIEW       70

5.1           INTRODUCTION              70

5.2           MARKET DYNAMICS       71

5.2.1        DRIVERS               71

5.2.1.1    Policy support for electric vehicle adoption     71

5.2.1.2    Reduced operating and maintenance costs      73

5.2.1.3    Next-generation battery innovations 74

5.2.1.4    Zero tailpipe and vehicle lifecycle emissions    76

5.2.1.5    Declining costs of EV batteries          77

5.2.2        RESTRAINTS      78

5.2.2.1    High initial purchase price  78

5.2.2.2    Capital-intensive charging infrastructure deployment   80

5.2.2.3    Battery durability and lifecycle management   81

5.2.2.4    Geopolitical instability and supply chain disruptions     82

5.2.3        OPPORTUNITIES              85

5.2.3.1    Accelerated investment in charging infrastructure         85

5.2.3.2    Innovation in wireless and on-the-move charging          86

5.2.3.3    Fleet electrification and commercial deployment            87

5.2.3.4    Expansion of Charging-as-a-Service (CaaS) business model                 88

5.2.3.5    Integration of bidirectional charging and smart parking                 88

5.2.4        CHALLENGES    88

5.2.4.1    Extended charging duration constraints           88

5.2.4.2    Fragmented charging standards and infrastructure        90

6               INDUSTRY TRENDS         92

6.1           REGULATORY LANDSCAPE         92

6.1.1        REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  92

6.1.2        ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES, BY KEY COUNTRIES                 95

6.1.2.1    Netherlands           95

6.1.2.2    Germany                 96

6.1.2.3    France    97

6.1.2.4    UK          98

6.1.2.5    China      99

6.1.2.6    US           100

6.1.2.7    Austria   101

6.1.3        INDUSTRY STANDARDS                101

6.2           SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES   102

6.2.1        CARBON IMPACT AND ECO-APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES      102

6.2.1.1    Carbon impact reduction    102

6.3           CERTIFICATIONS, LABELING, AND ECO-STANDARDS                 103

6.4           TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS             104

6.4.1        KEY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES              104

6.4.1.1    Introduction          104

6.4.1.2    SiC/GaN for power electronics          104

6.4.1.3    Sodium-ion batteries            105

6.4.1.4    E-axles and integrated drive units     106

6.4.1.5    V2X charging        107

6.4.1.6    V2L         108

6.4.1.7    Solid-state batteries              109

6.4.2        COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES       110

6.4.2.1    Battery recycling and 2nd life batteries             110

6.4.2.2    Internet of Things in electric vehicles               111

6.4.2.3    Lightweight materials for electric vehicles       112

6.4.3        ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES       113

6.4.3.1    Smart grids and microgrids 113

6.4.3.2    Energy storage systems (ESS) for grid balancing            113

6.5           TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT ROADMAP    114

6.6           PATENT ANALYSIS          114

6.6.1        INTRODUCTION              114

6.6.2        METHODOLOGY              115

6.6.3        DOCUMENT TYPE           115

6.6.4        INSIGHTS            116

6.6.5        LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS      116

6.6.6        JURISDICTION ANALYSIS              117

6.6.7        TOP APPLICANTS            117

6.6.8        LIST OF PATENTS            118

6.7           FUTURE APPLICATIONS               125

6.8           IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET                 126

6.8.1        TOP IN-VEHICLE USE CASES AND MARKET POTENTIAL                 126

6.8.2        TOP MANUFACTURING USE CASES AND MARKET POTENTIAL        126

6.8.3        BEST PRACTICES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT                127

6.8.4        CASE STUDIES OF AI IMPLEMENTATION IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET            127

6.8.5        INTERCONNECTED ADJACENT ECOSYSTEM AND IMPACT ON MARKET PLAYERS  127

6.8.6        CLIENTS’ READINESS TO ADOPT GENERATIVE AI IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET      128

6.9           SUCCESS STORIES AND REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS                 128

6.9.1        RIVIAN: AI FOR PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE      128

6.9.2        BMW GROUP: GEN AI IN PURCHASING AND DIGITAL EXPERIENCE      128

6.9.3        VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: GEN AI AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ECOSYSTEMS 129

6.10         DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR INVESTMENT IN EV MARKET               129

6.11         KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING CRITERIA          130

6.11.1      KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS           130

6.11.2      BUYING CRITERIA           131

6.12         ADOPTION BARRIERS & INTERNAL CHALLENGES                 132

6.13         ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  133

6.13.1      ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PROVIDERS       133

6.13.2      ENERGY UTILITY COMPANIES   134

6.13.3      SOFTWARE PROVIDERS                 134

6.13.4      BATTERY MANUFACTURERS      134

6.13.5      COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS              134

6.13.6      OEMS    134

6.13.7      END USERS         134

6.13.7.1  Mobility service providers   134

6.13.7.2  EV fleet operators 135

6.14         SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             136

6.15         PRICING ANALYSIS          138

6.15.1      INDICATIVE SELLING PRICE, BY KEY BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE

MODELS, 2024    138

6.15.2      AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION, 2022–2024                139

6.15.3      AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022–2024                 140

6.16         TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS            141

6.17         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO               142

6.18         FUNDING BY USE CASE APPLICATION   143

6.19         KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025–2026        144

6.20         TRADE ANALYSIS             145

6.20.1      IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 870380)    145

6.20.2      EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 870380)    146

6.21         CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 147

6.21.1      ELECTRIC VEHICLE FLEETS FOR PUBLIC SECTOR IN VERMONT, US   147

6.21.2      FRITO-LAY LOGISTICS FLEET ELECTRIFICATION                 147

6.21.3      NAIROBI’S ELECTRIC TAXI FLEET             148

6.21.4      NOPIARIDE DC FAST CHARGING HUBS IN KENYA                 148

6.22         EXISTING AND UPCOMING ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS, 2024–2026          149

6.23         TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP   150

6.24         BILL OF MATERIALS ANALYSIS  151

6.25         OEM ELECTROMOBILITY PROGRESS      152

6.25.1      OEM TARGETS AND INVESTMENTS        153

6.25.2      REGIONAL PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE OEM ANALYSIS                 154

6.25.2.1  Asia Pacific            154

6.25.2.2  Southeast Asia      155

6.25.2.3  Europe   157

6.25.2.4  Latin America       159

6.25.2.5  North America      161

7               ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION 163

7.1           INTRODUCTION              164

7.2           BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS, 2024                 166

7.3           BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV)       167

7.3.1        SHIFT TO ZERO TAILPIPE EMISSION TRANSPORT & GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO DRIVE MARKET     167

7.4           FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE (FCEV) 170

7.4.1        OEM PLANS TO REDUCE INVESTMENTS TO H2 VEHICLES AND RECENT H2 REFUELING STATION SHUTDOWNS TO REDUCE DEMAND   170

7.5           PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV)    172

7.5.1        REDUCED FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 172

7.6           HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)          174

7.6.1        INCREASED VEHICLE MILEAGE WITH DUAL PROPULSION TO DRIVE MARKET             174

7.7           MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (MHEV)          176

7.7.1        LOW-COST ELECTRIFICATION OPTION TO DRIVE MARKET               176

7.8           PRIMARY INSIGHTS        178

8               ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE                 179

8.1           INTRODUCTION              180

8.2           BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC PASSENGER CARS, 2024                 182

8.3           PASSENGER CAR               184

8.3.1        SUPPORTIVE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND SUBSIDIES TO DRIVE MARKET   184

8.4           COMMERCIAL VEHICLE                186

8.4.1        GROWING FLEET ELECTRIFICATION TO DRIVE MARKET               186

8.5           KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS                188

9               ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COMPONENT 189

9.1           INTRODUCTION              189

9.2           BATTERY CELLS AND PACKS      189

9.3           ON-BOARD CHARGERS 191

9.4           MOTORS              192

9.5           POWER CONTROL UNITS             196

9.6           BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS         199

9.7           FUEL CELL STACKS         200

9.8           FUEL PROCESSORS         200

9.9           POWER CONDITIONERS               201

9.10         AIR COMPRESSORS         201

9.11         HUMIDIFIERS    201

10            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY END USE           202

10.1         INTRODUCTION              202

10.2         OPERATIONAL DATA     202

10.3         PRIVATE               203

10.4         COMMERCIAL FLEET     204

11            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE CONNECTIVITY                205

11.1         INTRODUCTION              205

11.2         VEHICLE-TO-BUILDING (V2B)/VEHICLE TO INFRASTRUCTURE (V2I)                207

11.3         VEHICLE-TO-GRID (V2G)              207

11.4         VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE (V2V)      208

12            HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE                 209

12.1         INTRODUCTION              210

12.2         SERIES  212

12.2.1      RISING DEMAND FOR LOW-EMISSION URBAN TRANSPORT AND DELIVERY FLEETS TO DRIVE MARKET                 212

12.3         PARALLEL           213

12.3.1      LOWER PRODUCTION COSTS AND HIGH EFFICIENCY DURING HIGHWAY CRUISING TO DRIVE MARKET            213

12.4         SERIES-PARALLEL            215

12.4.1      FLEXIBLE OPERATION THAT SWITCHES POWER MODES TO OPTIMIZE FUEL SAVINGS AND PERFORMANCE TO DRIVE MARKET               215

12.5         PRIMARY INSIGHTS        216

13            MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY TOPOLOGY        217

13.1         INTRODUCTION              217

13.2         P0–BELT INTEGRATION                219

13.3         P1 – BETWEEN ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION      219

13.4         P2 – TRANSMISSION-SIDE INTEGRATION (BELT-CONNECTED)   219

13.5         P3 – TRANSMISSION-SIDE INTEGRATION (SHAFT-CONNECTED)   220

13.6         P4 – REAR AXLE INTEGRATION 220

14            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE                221

14.1         INTRODUCTION              222

14.2         VEHICLE MODELS, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE                 224

14.3         400V       224

14.3.1      COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF 400V ARCHITECTURE TO DRIVE MARKET 224

14.4         800V       225

14.4.1      RISING DEMAND FOR 350+ KW RAPID CHARGING TO DRIVE MARKET IN LUXURY ELECTRIC VEHICLE SEGMENT                 225

14.5         PRIMARY INSIGHTS        228

15            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE BODY TYPE        229

15.1         INTRODUCTION              230

15.2         SUV/MPV             231

15.2.1      CONSUMER DEMAND FOR SPACIOUS, VERSATILE VEHICLES WITH LARGE CARGO AREA TO DRIVE MARKET                 231

15.3         SEDAN  233

15.3.1      BALANCE OF EFFICIENCY, COMFORT, AND PERFORMANCE FOR URBAN AND LONG-DISTANCE COMMUTING TO DRIVE DEMAND           233

15.4         HATCHBACK      234

15.4.1      AFFORDABILITY, COMPACT SIZE, AND HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE MARKET                234

15.5         PRIMARY INSIGHTS        235

16            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE        236

16.1         INTRODUCTION              237

16.2         POPULAR ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS, BY DRIVE TYPE                 239

16.3         FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE (FWD)     239

16.3.1      LOWER PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS TO DRIVE MARKET 239

16.4         REAR-WHEEL DRIVE (RWD)        241

16.4.1      ENHANCED WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION IMPROVES VEHICLE BALANCE, ATTRACTING PERFORMANCE-FOCUSED CONSUMERS      241

16.5         ALL WHEEL DRIVE (AWD)            242

16.5.1      MULTI-MOTOR CONFIGURATIONS ENABLING RAPID ACCELERATION

AND HIGH-SPEED CAPABILITIES TO DRIVE MARKET      242

16.6         PRIMARY INSIGHTS        243

17            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TOP SPEED  244

17.1         INTRODUCTION              245

17.2         ACCELERATION AND TOP SPEED BENCHMARKING OF KEY EV MODELS               246

17.3         <110 MPH            247

17.3.1      URBAN COMMUTING AND INCREASED USE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN DELIVERY FLEETS TO DRIVE MARKET                 247

17.4         >110 MPH            248

17.4.1      RISING DEMAND FOR LUXURY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC VEHICLES TO DRIVE MARKET                 248

17.5         PRIMARY INSIGHTS        249

18            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION             250

18.1         INTRODUCTION              251

18.2         ASIA PACIFIC     255

18.2.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  257

18.2.2      CHINA  260

18.2.2.1  Dominant domestic EV supply chain to drive market    260

18.2.3      INDIA    262

18.2.3.1  Domestic OEM push for EV innovation and localized manufacturing to drive market           262

18.2.4      JAPAN   264

18.2.4.1  Growing preference for dual-propulsion vehicles to drive market                 264

18.2.5      SOUTH KOREA  265

18.2.5.1  Government incentives and OEM EV targets to drive market                 265

18.3         SOUTHEAST ASIA            266

18.3.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  268

18.3.2      THAILAND          270

18.3.2.1  Government plans for 30% EVs by 2030 and growing presence of Chinese budget EVs to drive market 270

18.3.3      INDONESIA        272

18.3.3.1  Government support for domestic EV manufacturing to drive demand  272

18.3.4      MALAYSIA           273

18.3.4.1  National Green Technology Policy to drive market        273

18.3.5      VIETNAM             274

18.3.5.1  Strong government support and growing demand for Vinfast to drive market          274

18.3.6      SINGAPORE        276

18.3.6.1  Surge in electric fleets to drive market              276

18.3.7      PHILIPPINES      277

18.3.7.1  Urbanization and financing trends to drive market        277

18.3.8      AUSTRALIA         278

18.3.8.1  Government support and setting of charging stations to drive demand  278

18.4         NORTH AMERICA             279

18.4.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  281

18.4.2      US           284

18.4.2.1  Support for local manufacturing of EVs to drive market                 284

18.4.3      CANADA               285

18.4.3.1  Government support for clean transportation and zero tailpipe emissions to drive market   285

18.4.4      MEXICO                287

18.4.4.1  Growing setup of Chinese EVs to drive market               287

18.5         EUROPE               288

18.5.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  290

18.5.2      GERMANY           294

18.5.2.1  Strong domestic OEM investment in vehicle electrification

to drive market      294

18.5.3      FRANCE                296

18.5.3.1  Government subsidies and strong domestic OEM EV offerings to drive market          296

18.5.4      NETHERLANDS 297

18.5.4.1  Government incentives and presence of dense supporting infrastructure to drive market             297

18.5.5      NORWAY              298

18.5.5.1  High rate of EV adoption and government policy leadership to drive market          298

18.5.6      SWEDEN              299

18.5.6.1  Strong government focus for sustainability, tax benefits, and business incentives to drive market   299

18.5.7      UK          301

18.5.7.1  ZEV mandates and growing rate of fleet electrification to drive market    301

18.5.8      DENMARK           302

18.5.8.1  Tax breaks on EV registrations and substantial investments in public and private charging infrastructure to drive market            302

18.5.9      AUSTRIA              304

18.5.9.1  Significant private investment in charging infrastructure and strong government subsidies to drive market  304

18.5.10   SWITZERLAND 305

18.5.10.1                 High environmental awareness and expanding government incentives to drive market             305

18.5.11   SPAIN    306

18.5.11.1                 Government incentives and strong infrastructure investments to drive market                306

18.5.12   RUSSIA 307

18.5.12.1                 Chinese OEM influx to drive market 307

18.5.13   ITALY    308

18.5.13.1                 Government support through incentives and presence of diverse plug-in and hybrid electric vehicle models to drive market                 308

18.6         MIDDLE EAST   310

18.6.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  311

18.6.2      UAE        313

18.6.2.1  Policy incentives and growing EV support infrastructure to drive market    313

18.6.3      SAUDI ARABIA  314

18.6.3.1  Government targets and support for localized manufacturing to drive market          314

18.6.4      ISRAEL  316

18.6.4.1  Strong incentives and rapid new-tech adoption to drive market                 316

18.7         LATIN AMERICA                317

18.7.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  318

18.7.2      BRAZIL 321

18.7.2.1  Government support for Chinese EV manufacturer setup to drive market    321

18.7.3      COLOMBIA         322

18.7.3.1  Increased focus on fleet electrification to drive demand                 322

18.7.4      CHILE   323

18.7.4.1  Government support for infrastructure development to drive market    323

18.7.5      URUGUAY           324

18.7.5.1  Aggressive subsidies and supportive policies to drive market                 324

18.7.6      COSTA RICA       326

18.7.6.1  Government support for EV adoption to drive market  326

18.8         AFRICA 327

18.8.1      MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK  328

18.8.2      MOROCCO          330

18.8.2.1  Strong tax breaks and focus on domestic EV manufacturing

to drive market      330

18.8.3      EGYPT  331

18.8.3.1  Rising urbanization and increase in localized EV assembly

to drive market      331

18.8.4      SOUTH AFRICA 333

18.8.4.1  Government incentives and domestic automotive sector transition

to drive market      333

19            COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE         335

19.1         INTRODUCTION              335

19.2         KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, JANUARY 2021–JULY 2025  335

19.3         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024                 337

19.3.1      PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024        337

19.3.2      HYBRID ELECTRIC AND MILD HYBRID VEHICLE MARKET SHARE

ANALYSIS, 2024  339

19.3.3      REGIONAL-LEVEL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS            340

19.3.3.1  Asia Pacific            340

19.3.3.2  Southeast Asia      340

19.3.3.3  Europe   341

19.3.3.4  North America      342

19.3.3.5  Latin America       342

19.4         REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2020–2024  343

19.5         COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS                 344

19.6         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             345

19.7         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024                 346

19.7.1      STARS   346

19.7.2      EMERGING LEADERS     346

19.7.3      PERVASIVE PLAYERS      346

19.7.4      PARTICIPANTS 346

19.7.5      COMPANY FOOTPRINT 348

19.7.5.1  Company footprint               348

19.7.5.2  Region footprint   349

19.7.5.3  Top speed footprint              350

19.7.5.4  Vehicle drive type footprint                 351

19.7.5.5  Propulsion footprint             352

19.7.5.6  Vehicle body type footprint                 353

19.8         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024        354

19.8.1      PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES         354

19.8.2      RESPONSIVE COMPANIES            354

19.8.3      DYNAMIC COMPANIES  354

19.8.4      STARTING BLOCKS         354

19.8.5      COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING               356

19.8.5.1  List of startups/SMEs          356

19.8.5.2  Competitive benchmarking of startups/SMEs 356

19.9         COMPETITIVE SCENARIO             357

19.9.1      PRODUCT LAUNCHES   357

19.9.2      DEALS  358

19.9.3      EXPANSIONS     359

19.9.4      OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              361

20            COMPANY PROFILES      362

20.1         KEY PLAYERS     362

20.1.1      BYD COMPANY LTD.      362

20.1.1.1  Business overview 362

20.1.1.2  Products/Solutions offered 364

20.1.1.3  Recent developments           365

20.1.1.3.1                Product launches/developments        365

20.1.1.3.2                Deals      367

20.1.1.3.3                Expansions             370

20.1.1.3.4                Other developments             371

20.1.1.4  MnM view              372

20.1.1.4.1                Right to win           372

20.1.1.4.2                Strategic choices   372

20.1.1.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 372

20.1.2      TESLA   373

20.1.2.1  Business overview 373

20.1.2.2  Products/Solutions offered 375

20.1.2.3  Recent developments           375

20.1.2.3.1                Product launches/developments/upgrades      375

20.1.2.3.2                Deals      376

20.1.2.3.3                Expansions             376

20.1.2.3.4                Other developments             377

20.1.2.4  MnM view              378

20.1.2.4.1                Right to win           378

20.1.2.4.2                Strategic choices   378

20.1.2.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 378

20.1.3      ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP       379

20.1.3.1  Business overview 379

20.1.3.2  Products/Solutions offered 382

20.1.3.3  Recent developments           383

20.1.3.3.1                Product launches/developments        383

20.1.3.3.2                Deals      386

20.1.3.3.3                Expansions             388

20.1.3.3.4                Other developments             389

20.1.3.4  MnM view              390

20.1.3.4.1                Right to win           390

20.1.3.4.2                Strategic choices   390

20.1.3.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 390

20.1.4      VOLKSWAGEN GROUP  391

20.1.4.1  Business overview 391

20.1.4.2  Products/Solutions offered 394

20.1.4.3  Recent developments           396

20.1.4.3.1                Product launches/developments        396

20.1.4.3.2                Deals      398

20.1.4.3.3                Expansions             400

20.1.4.3.4                Other developments             401

20.1.4.4  MnM view              402

20.1.4.4.1                Right to win           402

20.1.4.4.2                Strategic choices   402

20.1.4.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 402

20.1.5      GENERAL MOTORS         403

20.1.5.1  Business overview 403

20.1.5.2  Products/Solutions offered 405

20.1.5.3  Recent developments           406

20.1.5.3.1                Product launches  406

20.1.5.3.2                Deals      406

20.1.5.3.3                Expansions             407

20.1.5.3.4                Other developments             407

20.1.5.4  MnM view              408

20.1.5.4.1                Right to win           408

20.1.5.4.2                Strategic choices   408

20.1.5.4.3                Weaknesses and competitive threats 408

20.1.6      CHANGAN           409

20.1.6.1  Business overview 409

20.1.6.2  Products/Solutions offered 411

20.1.6.3  Recent developments           412

20.1.6.3.1                Product launches  412

20.1.6.3.2                Deals      412

20.1.6.3.3                Expansions             412

20.1.7      BMW GROUP     413

20.1.7.1  Business overview 413

20.1.7.2  Products/Solutions offered 415

20.1.7.3  Recent developments           416

20.1.7.3.1                Product launches/upgrades                416

20.1.7.3.2                Expansions             418

20.1.7.3.3                Other developments             418

20.1.8      LI AUTO INC.     419

20.1.8.1  Business overview 419

20.1.8.2  Products/Solutions offered 420

20.1.8.3  Recent developments           420

20.1.8.3.1                Product launches  420

20.1.8.3.2                Deals      420

20.1.9      HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP           421

20.1.9.1  Business overview 421

20.1.9.2  Products/Solutions offered 423

20.1.9.3  Recent developments           423

20.1.9.3.1                Product launches  423

20.1.9.3.2                Deals      425

20.1.9.3.3                Expansions             426

20.1.9.3.4                Other developments             427

20.1.10   GAC GROUP       428

20.1.10.1                 Business overview 428

20.1.10.2                 Products/Solutions offered 429

20.1.10.3                 Recent developments           429

20.1.10.3.1             Product launches/developments        429

20.1.10.3.2             Deals      431

20.1.10.3.3             Expansions             433

20.1.10.3.4             Other developments             434

20.1.11   STELLANTIS NV                435

20.1.11.1                 Business overview 435

20.1.11.2                 Products/Solutions offered 437

20.1.11.3                 Recent developments           438

20.1.11.3.1             Product launches/developments        438

20.1.11.3.2             Deals      441

20.1.11.3.3             Expansions             446

20.1.11.3.4             Other developments             447

20.1.12   GREAT WALL MOTOR    448

20.1.12.1                 Business overview 448

20.1.12.2                 Products/Solutions offered 450

20.1.12.3                 Recent developments           451

20.1.12.3.1             Product launches/developments        451

20.1.12.3.2             Deals      452

20.1.12.3.3             Expansions             453

20.1.12.3.4             Other developments             454

20.2         OTHER KEY PLAYERS     455

20.2.1      TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION             455

20.2.2      RENAULT-NISSAN-MITSUBISHI 456

20.2.3      HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.           457

20.2.4      MERCEDES-BENZ GROUP AG     458

20.2.5      FORD MOTOR COMPANY             459

20.2.6      CHERY  460

20.2.7      LEAPMOTOR INTERNATIONAL B.V.        461

20.2.8      SAIC MOTOR CORPORATION LIMITED 462

20.2.9      NIO        463

20.2.10   XIAOMI 464

20.2.11   RIVIAN 465

20.2.12   LUCID   466

20.2.13   DONGFENG MOTOR CORPORATION      467

20.2.14   FAW TRUCKS CO., LTD. 468

20.2.15   XPENG INC.        469

20.2.16   KG MOBILITY CORP.      470

20.2.17   NETA     471

20.2.18   MAZDA MOTOR CORPORATION               472

20.2.19   SUBARU CORPORATION               473

20.2.20   BAIC GROUP CO., LTD. 474

20.2.21   TATA MOTORS LIMITED              475

20.2.22   XIAOMI AUTO   476

21            RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS                 477

21.1         SOUTHEAST ASIA TO OFFER LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITIES              477

21.2         BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES TO HOLD DOMINANT MARKET SHARE                477

21.3         800V ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE TO ACCELERATE ADOPTION         477

21.4         EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS: BATTERY-AS-A-SERVICE AND

CHARGING-AS-A-SERVICE            478

21.5         CONCLUSION    478

22            APPENDIX           479

22.1         DISCUSSION GUIDE        479

22.2         KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL                482

22.3         CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS        484

22.3.1      ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY BODY TYPE AT COUNTRY LEVEL

(FOR COUNTRIES COVERED IN REPORT)              484

22.3.2      PROFILING OF ADDITIONAL MARKET PLAYERS (UP TO 5)             484

22.3.3      PROFILING OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES (UP TO 3)                 484

22.4         RELATED REPORTS         484

22.5         AUTHOR DETAILS           485

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1                ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY PROPULSION     36

TABLE 2                ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE TYPE  37

TABLE 3                PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE  37

TABLE 4                PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE TOP SPEED   38

TABLE 5                ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE CONNECTIVITY             38

TABLE 6                ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY COMPONENT    39

TABLE 7                PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY BODY TYPE      39

TABLE 8                ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY END USE              40

TABLE 9                PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE        40

TABLE 10              HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE               40

TABLE 11              MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DEFINITION, BY TOPOLOGY      41

TABLE 12              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS      43

TABLE 13              CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, 2019–2024                 44

TABLE 14              COMPARISON TABLE OF CHARGING COSTS, BY COUNTRY            73

TABLE 15              INNOVATION IN BATTERIES BY KEY MANUFACTURERS           74

TABLE 16              NUMBER OF CHARGE POINT OPERATORS FOR ELECTRIC CARS, BY COUNTRY, 2024        76

TABLE 17              LIST OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH AVERAGE RANGE 81

TABLE 18              CHARGING POINT OPERATORS                 85

TABLE 19              ELECTRIC FLEET COMMITMENTS BY LEADING COMPANIES       87

TABLE 20              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS       91

TABLE 21              NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  92

TABLE 22              EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  93

TABLE 23              ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS  95

TABLE 24              NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES       95

TABLE 25              NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES  96

TABLE 26              GERMANY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES                 96

TABLE 27              GERMANY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES  97

TABLE 28              FRANCE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES                 97

TABLE 29              FRANCE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES  98

TABLE 30              UK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES     98

TABLE 31              UK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES       99

TABLE 32              CHINA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES                 99

TABLE 33              CHINA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES  100

TABLE 34              US: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES      100

TABLE 35              US: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES       101

TABLE 36              AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE INCENTIVES                 101

TABLE 37              GLOBAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET            102

TABLE 38              CERTIFICATIONS, LABELING, AND ECO-STANDARDS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET     103

TABLE 39              COMPANY ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR SODIUM-ION BATTERY ROADMAP             105

TABLE 40              OEM TIE-UPS FOR INTEGRATED E-AXLE DEPLOYMENT  106

TABLE 41              LIST OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH V2L                 108

TABLE 42              RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SOLID-STATE BATTERIES         110

TABLE 43              OEM PLANS FOR BATTERY CIRCULARITY                 110

TABLE 44              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: TOTAL NUMBER OF PATENTS,

JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 115

TABLE 45              IMPORTANT PATENT REGISTRATIONS RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET          118

TABLE 46              COMMERCIALIZATION PLANS AND VALUE PROPOSITION FOR KEY ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES                 125

TABLE 47              TOP USE CASES AND MARKET POTENTIAL                 126

TABLE 48              TOP MANUFACTURING USE CASES AND MARKET POTENTIAL     126

TABLE 49              BEST PRACTICES: COMPANIES IMPLEMENTING USE CASES           127

TABLE 50              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: CASE STUDIES RELATED TO GEN AI IMPLEMENTATION              127

TABLE 51              INTERCONNECTED ADJACENT ECOSYSTEM AND IMPACT ON MARKET PLAYERS        127

TABLE 52              INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP VEHICLE TYPES (%) 131

TABLE 53              KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE, BY VEHICLE TYPE            132

TABLE 54              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM       135

TABLE 55              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: INDICATIVE SELLING PRICE, BY KEY BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS, 2024        138

TABLE 56              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY PROPULSION, 2022–2024 (USD)                139

TABLE 57              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022−2024 (USD)              140

TABLE 58              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025–2026                 144

TABLE 59              IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870380, BY COUNTRY, 2021-2024 (USD BILLION)      145

TABLE 60              EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870380, BY COUNTRY, 2020-2024 (USD BILLION)      146

TABLE 61              EXISTING AND UPCOMING ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS, 2024–2026          149

TABLE 62              ANNUAL ELECTRIC COST VS. ANNUAL GAS COST (2024)        150

TABLE 63              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: OEM TARGETS AND INVESTMENTS        153

TABLE 64              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  165

TABLE 65              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  165

TABLE 66              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)             166

TABLE 67              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)             166

TABLE 68              BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN 2024 (UNITS)                166

TABLE 69              BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  168

TABLE 70              BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  168

TABLE 71              BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)           169

TABLE 72              BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)           169

TABLE 73              FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  170

TABLE 74              FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  171

TABLE 75              FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)           171

TABLE 76              FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)           171

TABLE 77              PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  172

TABLE 78              PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  173

TABLE 79              PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD BILLION)             173

TABLE 80              PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (USD BILLION)             173

TABLE 81              HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)                174

TABLE 82              HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)                175

TABLE 83              HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)           175

TABLE 84              HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)           175

TABLE 85              MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  176

TABLE 86              MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  177

TABLE 87              MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)           177

TABLE 88              MILD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)           178

TABLE 89              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  181

TABLE 90              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  181

TABLE 91              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)             181

TABLE 92              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)             182

TABLE 93              BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR SALES, BY MODEL, 2024 182

TABLE 94              ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR MODELS, 2024–2027                 183

TABLE 95             UPCOMING ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, 2024–2026              184

TABLE 96              ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)                185

TABLE 97              ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)                185

TABLE 98              ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)           185

TABLE 99              ELECTRIC PASSENGER CAR MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)           186

TABLE 100            ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  187

TABLE 101            ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  187

TABLE 102            ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (USD BILLION)             188

TABLE 103            ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (USD BILLION)             188

TABLE 104            BATTERY CELL AND PACK SUPPLIER DATA                 190

TABLE 105            ON-BOARD CHARGER SUPPLIER DATA 191

TABLE 106            MOTOR SUPPLIER DATA              192

TABLE 107            DC-DC CONVERTER SUPPLIER DATA     196

TABLE 108            INVERTER SUPPLIER DATA         198

TABLE 109            BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SUPPLIER DATA    199

TABLE 110            ELECTRIC VEHICLE FLEET TARGETS WORLDWIDE     202

TABLE 111            ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN USE FOR COMMERCIAL FLEETS 203

TABLE 112            COMMERCIAL FLEET SEGMENTS BY KEY COMPANIES       204

TABLE 113            HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  211

TABLE 114            HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  211

TABLE 115            SERIES: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  212

TABLE 116            SERIES: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  213

TABLE 117            PARALLEL: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  214

TABLE 118            PARALLEL: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  214

TABLE 119            SERIES-PARALLEL: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         215

TABLE 120            SERIES-PARALLEL: HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         216

TABLE 121            DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 400V AND 800V ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURES       222

TABLE 122            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  223

TABLE 123            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  223

TABLE 124            VEHICLE MODELS, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE 400V–800V (UNITS)        224

TABLE 125            400V: ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  225

TABLE 126            400V: ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  225

TABLE 127            VEHICLE MODELS, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE FOR 800V, 2024 226

TABLE 128            800V: ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  227

TABLE 129            800V: ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  227

TABLE 130            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE BODY TYPE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  230

TABLE 131            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE BODY TYPE,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  231

TABLE 132            SUV/MPV: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  232

TABLE 133            SUV/MPV: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  232

TABLE 134            SEDAN: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  233

TABLE 135            SEDAN: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  233

TABLE 136            HATCHBACK: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         234

TABLE 137            HATCHBACK: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         235

TABLE 138            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  238

TABLE 139            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  238

TABLE 140            POPULAR ELECTRIC VEHICLES WORLDWIDE, BY DRIVE TYPE (UNITS)                239

TABLE 141            FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         240

TABLE 142            FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         240

TABLE 143            REAR-WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         241

TABLE 144            REAR-WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         241

TABLE 145            ALL WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         242

TABLE 146            ALL WHEEL DRIVE: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         243

TABLE 147            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TOP SPEED,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  246

TABLE 148            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TOP SPEED,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  246

TABLE 149            FASTEST ELECTRIC CARS             246

TABLE 150            <110 MPH: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         247

TABLE 151            <110 MPH: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         248

TABLE 152            >110 MPH: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)         249

TABLE 153            >110 MPH: PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)         249

TABLE 154            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)             253

TABLE 155            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)             253

TABLE 156            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)        254

TABLE 157            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035 (USD BILLION)        254

TABLE 158            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  256

TABLE 159            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  256

TABLE 160            BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN CHINA, 2024        260

TABLE 161            CHINA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  262

TABLE 162            CHINA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  262

TABLE 163            INDIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  263

TABLE 164            INDIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  263

TABLE 165            JAPAN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  264

TABLE 166            JAPAN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  264

TABLE 167            SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  265

TABLE 168            SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  266

TABLE 169            SOUTHEAST ASIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  267

TABLE 170            SOUTHEAST ASIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  267

TABLE 171            THAILAND: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  271

TABLE 172            THAILAND: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  271

TABLE 173            INDONESIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  272

TABLE 174            INDONESIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  273

TABLE 175            MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  274

TABLE 176            MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  274

TABLE 177            VIETNAM: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  275

TABLE 178            VIETNAM: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  275

TABLE 179            SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  276

TABLE 180            SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  276

TABLE 181            PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  277

TABLE 182            PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  277

TABLE 183            AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  278

TABLE 184            AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  279

TABLE 185            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  280

TABLE 186            NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  281

TABLE 187            BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN US, 2024                 284

TABLE 188            US: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  285

TABLE 189            US: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  285

TABLE 190            CANADA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  286

TABLE 191            CANADA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  286

TABLE 192            MEXICO: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  287

TABLE 193            MEXICO: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  287

TABLE 194            EUROPE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  289

TABLE 195            EUROPE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  290

TABLE 196            GERMANY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  295

TABLE 197            GERMANY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  295

TABLE 198            FRANCE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  296

TABLE 199            FRANCE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  296

TABLE 200            NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  297

TABLE 201            NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  298

TABLE 202            NORWAY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  299

TABLE 203            NORWAY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  299

TABLE 204            SWEDEN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  300

TABLE 205            SWEDEN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  300

TABLE 206            UK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  302

TABLE 207            UK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  302

TABLE 208            DENMARK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  303

TABLE 209            DENMARK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  303

TABLE 210            AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  304

TABLE 211            AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  304

TABLE 212            SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  305

TABLE 213            SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  305

TABLE 214            SPAIN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  306

TABLE 215            SPAIN: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  307

TABLE 216            RUSSIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  308

TABLE 217            RUSSIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  308

TABLE 218            ITALY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  309

TABLE 219            ITALY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  309

TABLE 220            MIDDLE EAST: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  311

TABLE 221            MIDDLE EAST: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  311

TABLE 222            UAE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  314

TABLE 223            UAE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  314

TABLE 224            SAUDI ARABIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  315

TABLE 225            SAUDI ARABIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  315

TABLE 226            ISRAEL: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  316

TABLE 227            ISRAEL: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  316

TABLE 228            LATIN AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  318

TABLE 229            LATIN AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  318

TABLE 230            BRAZIL: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  321

TABLE 231            BRAZIL: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  321

TABLE 232            COLOMBIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  322

TABLE 233            COLOMBIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  323

TABLE 234            CHILE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  324

TABLE 235            CHILE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  324

TABLE 236            URUGUAY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  325

TABLE 237            URUGUAY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  325

TABLE 238            COSTA RICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  326

TABLE 239            COSTA RICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  326

TABLE 240            AFRICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  328

TABLE 241            AFRICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  328

TABLE 242            MOROCCO: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  331

TABLE 243            MOROCCO: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  331

TABLE 244            EGYPT: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  332

TABLE 245            EGYPT: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  332

TABLE 246            SOUTH AFRICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2021–2024 (THOUSAND UNITS)  334

TABLE 247            SOUTH AFRICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION,

2025–2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)  334

TABLE 248            KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021–2025        335

TABLE 249            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION, 2024       338

TABLE 250            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT       349

TABLE 251            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: VEHICLE TOP SPEED FOOTPRINT         350

TABLE 252            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE FOOTPRINT            351

TABLE 253            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: PROPULSION FOOTPRINT       352

TABLE 254            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: VEHICLE BODY TYPE FOOTPRINT            353

TABLE 255            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: LIST OF STARTUPS/SMES              356

TABLE 256            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING

OF STARTUPS/SMES, (1/2)            356

TABLE 257            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING

OF STARTUPS/SMES, (2/2)            357

TABLE 258            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021–JULY 2025     357

TABLE 259            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: DEALS, JANUARY 2021–JULY 2025  358

TABLE 260            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021–JULY 2025               359

TABLE 261            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, JANUARY 2021–JULY 2025          361

TABLE 262            BYD COMPANY LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 362

TABLE 263            BYD COMPANY LTD.: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              363

TABLE 264            BYD COMPANY LTD.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             364

TABLE 265            BYD COMPANY LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    365

TABLE 266            BYD COMPANY LTD.: DEALS      367

TABLE 267            BYD COMPANY LTD.: EXPANSIONS         370

TABLE 268            BYD COMPANY LTD.: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS                 371

TABLE 269            TESLA: COMPANY OVERVIEW    373

TABLE 270            TESLA: INSTALLED ANNUAL VEHICLE CAPACITY, BY MODEL   374

TABLE 271            TESLA: PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY OF VEHICLES, 2024 375

TABLE 272            TESLA: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED                 375

TABLE 273            TESLA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS/UPGRADES            375

TABLE 274            TESLA: DEALS   376

TABLE 275            TESLA: EXPANSIONS      376

TABLE 276            TESLA: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              377

TABLE 277            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW          379

TABLE 278            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: VOLVO CAR SALES, 2024 (UNITS)              381

TABLE 279            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED          382

TABLE 280            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    383

TABLE 281            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: DEALS                 386

TABLE 282            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: EXPANSIONS     388

TABLE 283            ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              389

TABLE 284            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 391

TABLE 285            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE DELIVERIES, 2024          394

TABLE 286            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED          394

TABLE 287            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    396

TABLE 288            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: DEALS  398

TABLE 289            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: EXPANSIONS     400

TABLE 290            VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              401

TABLE 291            GENERAL MOTORS: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 403

TABLE 292            GENERAL MOTORS: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              404

TABLE 293            GENERAL MOTORS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             405

TABLE 294            GENERAL MOTORS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES                 406

TABLE 295            GENERAL MOTORS: DEALS         406

TABLE 296            GENERAL MOTORS: EXPANSIONS            407

TABLE 297            GENERAL MOTORS: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS                 407

TABLE 298            CHANGAN: COMPANY OVERVIEW            409

TABLE 299            CHANGAN: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              410

TABLE 300            CHANGAN: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED                 411

TABLE 301            CHANGAN: PRODUCT LAUNCHES            412

TABLE 302            CHANGAN: DEALS           412

TABLE 303            CHANGAN: EXPANSIONS              412

TABLE 304            BMW GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW      413

TABLE 305            BMW GROUP: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              415

TABLE 306            BMW GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             415

TABLE 307            BMW GROUP: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/UPGRADES 416

TABLE 308            BMW GROUP: EXPANSIONS         418

TABLE 309            BMW GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 418

TABLE 310            LI AUTO INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW      419

TABLE 311            LI AUTO INC.: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              419

TABLE 312            LI AUTO INC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             420

TABLE 313            LI AUTO INC.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES      420

TABLE 314            LI AUTO INC.: DEALS     420

TABLE 315            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW          421

TABLE 316            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              422

TABLE 317            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED          423

TABLE 318            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: PRODUCT LAUNCHES          423

TABLE 319            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: DEALS           425

TABLE 320            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: EXPANSIONS                 426

TABLE 321            HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS              427

TABLE 322            GAC GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW        428

TABLE 323            GAC GROUP: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              429

TABLE 324            GAC GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED                 429

TABLE 325            GAC GROUP: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    429

TABLE 326            GAC GROUP: DEALS       431

TABLE 327            GAC GROUP: EXPANSIONS          433

TABLE 328            GAC GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS  434

TABLE 329            STELLANTIS NV: COMPANY OVERVIEW 435

TABLE 330            STELLANTIS NV: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              437

TABLE 331            STELLANTIS NV: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             437

TABLE 332            STELLANTIS NV: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    438

TABLE 333            STELLANTIS NV: DEALS                441

TABLE 334            STELLANTIS NV: EXPANSIONS  446

TABLE 335            STELLANTIS NV: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS                 447

TABLE 336            GREAT WALL MOTOR: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 448

TABLE 337            GREAT WALL MOTOR: TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND

SALE OF VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)              450

TABLE 338            GREAT WALL MOTOR: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED             450

TABLE 339            GREAT WALL MOTOR: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS    451

TABLE 340            GREAT WALL MOTOR: DEALS    452

TABLE 341            GREAT WALL MOTOR: EXPANSIONS       453

TABLE 342            GREAT WALL MOTOR: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS                 454

TABLE 343            TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          455

TABLE 344            RENAULT-NISSAN-MITSUBISHI: COMPANY OVERVIEW          456

TABLE 345            HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          457

TABLE 346            MERCEDES-BENZ GROUP AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW          458

TABLE 347            FORD MOTOR COMPANY: COMPANY OVERVIEW          459

TABLE 348            CHERY: COMPANY OVERVIEW   460

TABLE 349            LEAPMOTOR INTERNATIONAL B.V.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          461

TABLE 350            SAIC MOTOR CORPORATION LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW   462

TABLE 351            NIO: COMPANY OVERVIEW         463

TABLE 352            XIAOMI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 464

TABLE 353            RIVIAN: COMPANY OVERVIEW  465

TABLE 354            LUCID: COMPANY OVERVIEW   466

TABLE 355            DONGFENG MOTOR CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW   467

TABLE 356            FAW TRUCKS CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 468

TABLE 357            XPENG INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW         469

TABLE 358            KG MOBILITY CORP.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 470

TABLE 359            NETA: COMPANY OVERVIEW     471

TABLE 360            MAZDA MOTOR CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          472

TABLE 361            SUBARU CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 473

TABLE 362            BAIC GROUP CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 474

TABLE 363            TATA MOTORS LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 475

TABLE 364            XIAOMI AUTO: COMPANY OVERVIEW    476

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1              ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SEGMENTATION AND REGIONAL SCOPE 42

FIGURE 2              RESEARCH DESIGN         46

FIGURE 3              RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL         47

FIGURE 4              PRIMARY INSIGHTS        51

FIGURE 5              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING           53

FIGURE 6              BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              54

FIGURE 7              TOP-DOWN APPROACH                55

FIGURE 8              DATA TRIANGULATION                56

FIGURE 9              GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS               57

FIGURE 10            DEMAND AND SUPPLY-SIDE FACTOR ANALYSIS                 58

FIGURE 11            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET OUTLOOK                 62

FIGURE 12            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2035           63

FIGURE 13            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025–2035              63

FIGURE 14            KEY PLAYERS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET                 64

FIGURE 15            ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE MARKET         65

FIGURE 16            PASSENGER CAR SEGMENT TO SECURE LEADING POSITION IN 2035        65

FIGURE 17            BEV TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2035                 66

FIGURE 18            >110 MPH TO BE FASTER-GROWING SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD       66

FIGURE 19            FWD TO SECURE LEADING POSITION IN 2035                 67

FIGURE 20            400V ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE TO DOMINATE MARKET IN 2035                67

FIGURE 21            SUV/MPV TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD       68

FIGURE 22            PARALLEL CONFIGURATION TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT

DURING FORECAST PERIOD       68

FIGURE 23            ASIA PACIFIC TO SURPASS OTHER REGIONAL MARKETS IN 2025              69

FIGURE 24            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES,

AND CHALLENGES          71

FIGURE 25            ELECTRIFICATION TARGETS BY COUNTRIES, 2025–2050              72

FIGURE 26            EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND GASOLINE VEHICLES     77

FIGURE 27            PRICE TREND OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES, 2020–2030 (USD PER KWH)  78

FIGURE 28            PURCHASE COST FOR ELECTRIC AND ICE VEHICLES, BY KEY MODELS        79

FIGURE 29            FUEL STATION AVERAGE PRICE COMPARISON                 80

FIGURE 30            CHINA’S CONTRIBUTION IN PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING

OF CRITICAL MINERALS, 2023     83

FIGURE 31            GLOBAL COBALT RESERVES, 2024             84

FIGURE 32            GLOBAL LITHIUM RESERVES, 2024           84

FIGURE 33            OPERATION OF WIRELESS CHARGING TECHNOLOGY  86

FIGURE 34            ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING TIME    89

FIGURE 35            ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGERS USED WORLDWIDE     90

FIGURE 36            SIC SUPPLY CHAIN FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES                 104

FIGURE 37            HOW V2G CHARGING WORKS    107

FIGURE 38            ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH V2L 108

FIGURE 39            SOLID-STATE BATTERY ROADMAP, 2035+                 109

FIGURE 40            BATTERY MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM                111

FIGURE 41            BATTERY MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC

VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE            112

FIGURE 42            TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TIMELINE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET      114

FIGURE 43            PATENT ANALYSIS, BY DOCUMENT TYPE, JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 115

FIGURE 44            PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS, 2015−2024                 116

FIGURE 45            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS,

JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024 116

FIGURE 46            JURISDICTION OF US REGISTERED HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF PATENTS,

2015–2024              117

FIGURE 47            TOP PATENT APPLICANTS, JANUARY 2015–DECEMBER 2024                117

FIGURE 48            INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP 2 VEHICLE TYPES     130

FIGURE 49            KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE, BY VEHICLE TYPE            131

FIGURE 50            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS            133

FIGURE 51            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS            137

FIGURE 52            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY PROPULSION, 2022-2024              139

FIGURE 53            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022-2024 (USD)                140

FIGURE 54            TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS   141

FIGURE 55            INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO, 2020–2025 (USD BILLION)        142

FIGURE 56            IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870380, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD BILLION)      145

FIGURE 57            EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 870380, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2024 (USD BILLION)      146

FIGURE 58            US: TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP BREAKDOWN (5 YEARS)             150

FIGURE 59            BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ICE AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2025 VS. 2035                 151

FIGURE 60            TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES WORLDWIDE, 2024 (UNITS)         152

FIGURE 61            ASIA PACIFIC: TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)                154

FIGURE 62            ASIA PACIFIC: KEY PRICE POINT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES            155

FIGURE 63            SOUTHEAST ASIA: TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)                156

FIGURE 64            SOUTHEAST ASIA: KEY PRICE POINT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES      156

FIGURE 65            EUROPE: TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)      157

FIGURE 66            EUROPE: KEY PRICE POINT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES            158

FIGURE 67            LATIN AMERICA: TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)                159

FIGURE 68            LATIN AMERICA: KEY PRICE POINT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES      160

FIGURE 69            NORTH AMERICA: TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES, 2024 (UNITS)                161

FIGURE 70            NORTH AMERICA: KEY PRICE POINT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES      162

FIGURE 71            ELECTRIC VEHICLE COMPARISON, BY PROPULSION     164

FIGURE 72            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2025 VS. 2035 (USD BILLION)       165

FIGURE 73            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025 VS. 2035 (USD BILLION)       181

FIGURE 74            SIGNIFICANCE OF V2X IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET               205

FIGURE 75            V2X COMMUNICATION 206

FIGURE 76            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: FACTORS IMPACTING V2X                206

FIGURE 77            COMPARISON OF HYBRID ELECTRIC CONFIGURATION TYPES              210

FIGURE 78            HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION TYPE,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            211

FIGURE 79            CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL ACROSS DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES          217

FIGURE 80            HYBRID FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES            218

FIGURE 81            COMPARISON OF CO2 REDUCTION IN WLTC AND NEDC FOR

DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES            218

FIGURE 82            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY ELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            223

FIGURE 83            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE BODY TYPE,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            230

FIGURE 84            COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVE TYPES   237

FIGURE 85            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE DRIVE TYPE,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            238

FIGURE 86            PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TOP SPEED,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            245

FIGURE 87            KEY TRANSPORT POLICIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRIES        252

FIGURE 88            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY REGION, 2025 VS. 2035 (USD BILLION) 253

FIGURE 89            ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          256

FIGURE 90            ASIA PACIFIC: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      258

FIGURE 91            ASIA PACIFIC: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026              258

FIGURE 92            ASIA PACIFIC: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES,

BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                258

FIGURE 93            ASIA PACIFIC: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2024  259

FIGURE 94            ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOBILITY LANDSCAPE IN CHINA  261

FIGURE 95            SOUTHEAST ASIA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025 VS. 2035 (THOUSAND UNITS)            267

FIGURE 96            SOUTHEAST ASIA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                268

FIGURE 97            SOUTHEAST ASIA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      269

FIGURE 98            SOUTHEAST ASIA: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES,

BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                269

FIGURE 99            SOUTHEAST ASIA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2024         269

FIGURE 100          NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          280

FIGURE 101          NORTH AMERICA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026                282

FIGURE 102          NORTH AMERICA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      282

FIGURE 103          NORTH AMERICA: CPI INFLATION RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      283

FIGURE 104          NORTH AMERICA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2024            283

FIGURE 105          BEST-SELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODELS IN EUROPE, 2024 (BEV AND PHEV) 288

FIGURE 106          EUROPE: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          289

FIGURE 107          EUROPE: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      291

FIGURE 108          EUROPE: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026        292

FIGURE 109          EUROPE: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES,

BY COUNTRY, 2024–2025                292

FIGURE 110          EUROPE: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2024  293

FIGURE 111          GERMANY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROADMAP                 294

FIGURE 112          UK: ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROADMAP          301

FIGURE 113          MIDDLE EAST: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          310

FIGURE 114          MIDDLE EAST: REAL GDP ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE, 2024–2026            312

FIGURE 115          MIDDLE EAST: GDP PER CAPITA, 2024–2026                 312

FIGURE 116          MIDDLE EAST: AVERAGE CPI INFLATION RATE, 2024–2026              312

FIGURE 117          MIDDLE EAST: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY VALUE (AS PART OF GDP), 2024 313

FIGURE 118          LATIN AMERICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          317

FIGURE 119          LATIN AMERICA: REAL GDP ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE, 2024–2026            319

FIGURE 120          LATIN AMERICA: GDP PER CAPITA, 2024–2026                 319

FIGURE 121          LATIN AMERICA: AVERAGE CPI INFLATION RATE, 2024–2026                 320

FIGURE 122          LATIN AMERICA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY VALUE (AS PART OF GDP), 2024 320

FIGURE 123          AFRICA: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SNAPSHOT          327

FIGURE 124          AFRICA: REAL GDP GROWTH RATE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      329

FIGURE 125          AFRICA: GDP PER CAPITA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026        329

FIGURE 126          AFRICA: INFLATION RATE AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2026      329

FIGURE 127          AFRICA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2024  330

FIGURE 128          MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE

MANUFACTURERS, 2024                 337

FIGURE 129          MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS IN HYBRID ELECTRIC

VEHICLE MARKET, 2024 339

FIGURE 130          ASIA PACIFIC: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS

IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2024     340

FIGURE 131          SOUTHEAST ASIA: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS

IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2024     340

FIGURE 132          EUROPE: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS

IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2024     341

FIGURE 133          NORTH AMERICA: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS

IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2024     342

FIGURE 134          LATIN AMERICA: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS

IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2024     342

FIGURE 135          REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP 5 PLAYERS, 2020–2024 (USD BILLION)        343

FIGURE 136          COMPANY VALUATION IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2025    344

FIGURE 137          FINANCIAL METRICS (EV/EBITDA) IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET, 2025 344

FIGURE 138          BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET            345

FIGURE 139          COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (KEY PLAYERS), 2024  347

FIGURE 140          ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT       348

FIGURE 141          COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (STARTUPS/SMES), 2024                355

FIGURE 142          BYD COMPANY LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 363

FIGURE 143          TESLA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT   374

FIGURE 144          ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          380

FIGURE 145          ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: BRANDS                 380

FIGURE 146          ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP: PRODUCT LINE-UP OF VOLVO        381

FIGURE 147          VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 392

FIGURE 148          VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: REPORTING STRUCTURE       392

FIGURE 149          VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: BUSINESS LANDSCAPE, 2024        393

FIGURE 150          VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: EXPANSION IN KEY REGIONS, 2024   393

FIGURE 151          GENERAL MOTORS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 404

FIGURE 152          CHANGAN: COMPANY SNAPSHOT           410

FIGURE 153          BMW GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT      414

FIGURE 154          BMW GROUP: ELECTRIC VEHICLE PLANS                 414

FIGURE 155          LI AUTO INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT      419

FIGURE 156          HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          422

FIGURE 157          GAC GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT        428

FIGURE 158          STELLANTIS NV: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 436

FIGURE 159          STELLANTIS NV: ELECTRIFICATION PLANS                 437

FIGURE 160          GREAT WALL MOTOR: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 449

FIGURE 161          GREAT WALL MOTOR: GLOBAL R&D NETWORK                 449