金属加工油剤市場 – 2030年までの世界予測

Metalworking Fluids Market - Global Forecast To 2030

金属加工油剤市場 - タイプ(ストレートオイル、可溶性オイル、半合成油、合成油)、製品タイプ(除去油、保護油、成形油、処理油)、最終用途産業、地域別 - 2030年までの世界予測
Metalworking Fluids Market by Type (Straight Oils, Soluble Oils, Semi-synthetic Fluids, Synthetic Fluids), Product Type (Removal Fluid, Protecting Fluids, Forming Fluids, Treating Fluids), End-use Industry, and Region - Global Forecast to 2030

商品番号 : SMB-55992

出版社MarketsandMarkets
出版年月2025年8月
ページ数247
図表数372
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

本レポートは、金属加工油剤市場をタイプ、製品タイプ、最終用途産業、地域に基づいてセグメント化し、様々な地域における市場全体の推定価値(百万米ドル)を示しています。また、主要業界プレーヤーの詳細な分析を提供し、金属加工油剤市場に関連する各社の事業概要、サービス、主要戦略に関する洞察を提供しています。

この調査レポートは、業界分析(業界動向)、主要企業の市場シェア分析、企業プロファイルなど、さまざまなレベルの分析に焦点を当てており、これらを組み合わせることで、競争環境、金属加工油剤市場の新興および高成長セグメント、高成長地域、市場推進要因、制約、機会、課題に関する全体像が提供されます。

金属加工油剤の世界市場は、2025年から2030年にかけて推定3.20%のCAGRで着実に成長し、2030年までに市場規模が83億7,000万米ドルに達すると見込まれています。

金属加工液は工業機械加工プロセスの不可分な部分を形成し、その主な特性は冷却効果、潤滑、腐食防止、および切粉問題です。これらの流体は、多くの製造業における精密金属切削、研削、スタンピング、および成形で重要な役割を果たしています。金属加工油剤業界は主に輸送機器製造部門によって牽引されており、2024年には最大の市場シェアを占めています。急速な工業化、インフラ開発、技術革新などの要因が、自動車、航空宇宙、鉄道、および重輸送機器産業における需要の増加に貢献しています。これらの部門では、高度な金属加工液を利用して、新しい輸送システムで使用される最新の軽量で耐熱性のある材料の機械加工を容易にしています。さらに、製造工場におけるハイテクCNC装置と自動化の導入には、より高品質で効率的な油剤が求められます。これにより、最適な加工が保証され、工具の寿命が延びます。様々な輸送産業における精密工具の採用増加は、現代の製造環境における金属加工油剤の重要性の高まりを浮き彫りにしています。

The global market for metalworking fluids is expected to grow steadily, at an estimated CAGR of 3.20% from 2025 to 2030, reaching a market size of USD 8.37 billion by 2030. Metalworking fluids form an inseparable part of industrial machining processes, the main characteristics of such fluids being cooling effects, lubrication, corrosion prevention, and swarf issues. These fluids play a major role in precision metal cutting, grinding, stamping, and forming in many manufacturing industries. The metalworking fluids industry is primarily driven by the transportation equipment manufacturing sector, which holds the largest market share in 2024. Factors such as rapid industrialization, infrastructure development, and technological innovations have contributed to the increased demand in the automotive, aerospace, railway, and heavy transport equipment industries. These sectors utilize advanced metalworking fluids to facilitate the machining of modern lightweight and heat-resistant materials used in new transportation systems. Furthermore, the implementation of high-tech CNC equipment and automation in manufacturing plants requires even higher quality and more efficient fluids. This ensures optimal processing and extends the lifespan of the tools. The rising adoption of precision tooling across various transportation industries highlights the growing emphasis on metalworking fluids in contemporary manufacturing environments.

金属加工油剤市場 - 2030年までの世界予測
metal-working-fluid-market-Overview

“Soluble oils accounted for the largest share of the metalworking fluids market in 2024.”

Soluble oils held the largest market share in 2024. These oils contain emulsifiable components that are mixed with water and then sprayed onto machinery. They perform exceptionally well, providing a high cooling rate alongside a moderate lubricating rate. This combination allows them to work efficiently in various metal cutting, grinding, and forming applications. They are widely utilized because of their high efficiency and affordability, particularly in major industries that prioritize operational effectiveness without sacrificing performance. The semi-synthetic fluids segment accounted for the second-largest share. They consist of synthetic and mineral oil emulsions that balance between the performance offered by fully synthetic fluids and the lubrication ability of straight oils. Pure oils are the basic oils and are very good lubricants in heavy-duty machining, but they lack in the cooling aspect, so they can only be used in certain areas of high-torque machines. Niche, high-precision operations utilize synthetic fluids where resistance to thermal breakdown and cleanliness are amongst the objectives. Rising environmental standards and the increasing trend to bio-based fluids are further shaping other formulation trends, where soluble oils and semi-synthetic oils are preferred due to their recyclable and reduced-risk characteristics.

“Removal fluids accounted for the largest share of the market, reflecting demand in machining and material removal applications.”

As per product type, the removal fluids segment accounted for the largest share of the metalworking fluids market in 2024. In machining operations like turning, drilling, milling, and grinding, these fluids are mostly applied in physical cutting or removing pieces of metal from a workpiece. The share is high due to dominance in manufacturing techniques, which are based on material removal in fabrication parts. The removal fluids come in a design that promises a good dissipation of heat, chip escape, and lubrication, the most important factors that would sustain the tool life, dimensional accuracy, and the surface finish of the chip.

Forming fluids are mainly used in non-cutting processes such as stamping, forging, rolling, and extrusion. The fluids aid extreme-pressure jobs, reducing friction and wear where the metals are worked on, not machined away. Protective fluids are used to prevent corrosion during storage and transportation, ensuring that they do not corrode before removal. Finally, heating functions and surface conditioning are accomplished using fluids that are treated. As more pressure is established on operational efficiency, fluid recycling, and environmental compliance, developing multifunctional and durable fluids in general, and removal fluids in particular, is emerging as a game-changer in the metalworking fluids market.

金属加工油剤市場 - 2030年までの世界予測 region
metal-working-fluid-market-Region

“Asia Pacific dominates the global metalworking fluids market, with the largest regional share in 2024.”

The Asia Pacific region dominated the metalworking fluids market in 2024. This is due to its vibrant industrial sector, rapid urbanization, and ongoing development in the automobile, machine building, and metalworking industries. Countries such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea are investing in infrastructure development and modern manufacturing equipment, which ensures that metalworking fluids are widely used across various industrial applications. In addition to being manufacturing hubs, these countries benefit from favorable government policies and local incentives for foreign direct investment. These initiatives are enhancing regional production capabilities and increasing the demand for high-performance machining solutions, including advanced metalworking fluids.

Other regions, such as North America and Europe, will also maintain a strong presence in the market due to their superior manufacturing systems and innovations in synthetic and sustainable metalworking solutions. However, the Asia Pacific will continue to be a key area for market growth through 2030, driven by rising competition, increasing energy efficiency regulations, and growing domestic consumption.

  • By Company Type: Tier 1 – 55%, Tier 2 – 25%, and Tier 3 – 20%
  • By Designation: Directors – 50%, Managers – 30%, and Others – 20%
  • By Region: North America – 40%, Europe – 35%, Asia Pacific – 20%, and the Rest of the World – 5%

The key players profiled in the report include Quaker Houghton (US), TotalEnergies SE (France), Chevron Corporation (US), Exxon Mobil Corporation (US), PJSC LUKOIL (Russia), FUCHS SE (Germany), Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. (Japan), BP p.l.c. (UK), Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia), and China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) (China).

金属加工油剤市場 - 2030年までの世界予測 ecosystem
metal-working-fluid-market-Ecosystem

Research Coverage

This report segments the metalworking fluids market based on type, product type, end-use industry, and region, and provides estimations of value (USD million) for the overall market size across various regions. The report also provides a detailed analysis of key industry players to provide insights into their business overviews, services, and key strategies associated with the metalworking fluids market.

Reasons to Buy this Report

This research report is focused on various levels of analysis — industry analysis (industry trends), market share analysis of top players, and company profiles, which together provide an overall view of the competitive landscape, emerging and high-growth segments of the metalworking fluids market, high-growth regions, and market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.

The report provides insights into the following points:

  • Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on metalworking fluids offered by top players in the global market.
  • Analysis of key drivers (increasing automotive production, technological advancements, and demand for high-performance machinery), restraints (adoption of dry machining technologies, health and safety issues, and increasing EV production), opportunities (product innovation and differentiation and data-driven fluid management systems), and challenges (fluctuating raw material prices and stringent environmental regulations) influencing the growth of the metalworking fluids market.
  • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the metalworking fluids market.
  • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets — the report analyzes the markets for metalworking fluids across regions.
  • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped regions, and recent developments in the global metalworking fluids market.
  • Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of leading players in the metalworking fluids market.

Table of Contents

1               INTRODUCTION              26

1.1           STUDY OBJECTIVES       26

1.2           MARKET DEFINITION   26

1.3           STUDY SCOPE   27

1.3.1        MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE      27

1.3.2        INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 27

1.3.3        YEARS CONSIDERED      29

1.3.4        CURRENCY CONSIDERED            29

1.3.5        UNIT CONSIDERED        29

1.4           STAKEHOLDERS               30

1.5           SUMMARY OF CHANGES               30

2               RESEARCH METHODOLOGY       31

2.1           RESEARCH DATA              31

2.1.1        SECONDARY DATA          32

2.1.1.1    Key data from secondary sources       32

2.1.2        PRIMARY DATA 32

2.1.2.1    Interviews with experts – demand and supply sides        33

2.1.2.2    Key industry insights           33

2.1.2.3    Breakdown of primary interviews      34

2.2           MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION         34

2.2.1        BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              35

2.2.2        TOP-DOWN APPROACH                36

2.3           DATA TRIANGULATION                37

2.4           GROWTH FORECAST      38

2.4.1        SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS                 38

2.4.2        DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS             38

2.5           RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS           39

2.6           RESEARCH LIMITATIONS             39

2.7           RISK ASSESSMENT           40

3               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  41

4               PREMIUM INSIGHTS       44

4.1           ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET          44

4.2           METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION 44

4.3           ASIA PACIFIC METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,  BY TYPE AND COUNTRY     45

4.4           METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,  BY PRODUCT TYPE AND REGION         45

4.5           METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY                 46

5               MARKET OVERVIEW       47

5.1           INTRODUCTION              47

5.2           MARKET DYNAMICS       47

5.2.1        DRIVERS               48

5.2.1.1    Increasing automobile production     48

5.2.1.2    Technological advancements in metalworking techniques                 48

5.2.1.3    Rising demand for high-performance machinery            49

5.2.2        RESTRAINTS      49

5.2.2.1    Adoption of dry machining technologies          49

5.2.2.2    Health and safety issues associated with metalworking fluids                 49

5.2.2.3    Increasing electric vehicle (EV) production     49

5.2.3        OPPORTUNITIES              50

5.2.3.1    Product innovation and differentiation             50

5.2.3.2    Implementation of data-driven fluid management systems                 50

5.2.4        CHALLENGES    50

5.2.4.1    Fluctuating raw material prices          50

5.2.4.2    Stringent environmental regulations related to metalworking fluids      50

5.3           PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS           52

5.3.1        THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS      53

5.3.2        THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES          53

5.3.3        BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS       53

5.3.4        BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS             53

5.3.5        INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 53

5.4           KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA     54

5.4.1        INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS                 54

5.4.2        BUYING CRITERIA           54

5.5           MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS              55

5.5.1        GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES                 55

6               INDUSTRY TRENDS         57

6.1           SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS             57

6.2           PRICING ANALYSIS          58

6.2.1        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY END USE, 2024   58

6.2.2        AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022–2030                 59

6.3           TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS            60

6.4           ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  61

6.5           TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS             62

6.5.1        KEY TECHNOLOGIES     62

6.5.1.1    Emulsification technology   62

6.5.1.2    Nanofluid technology           63

6.5.2        COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES       63

6.5.2.1    Advanced filtration systems                63

6.6           CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 63

6.6.1        STEEL HOT-MILL ROLLING: 65% FEWER KICK-OUT DELAYS                63

6.6.2        METAL FORMING: BETTER FLUID MAINTENANCE AND ODOR ELIMINATION     64

6.7           TRADE ANALYSIS             64

6.7.1        IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 340319)    64

6.7.2        EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 340319)    65

6.8           REGULATORY LANDSCAPE         66

6.8.1        REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS             67

6.9           KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025–2026        70

6.10         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO               70

6.11         PATENT ANALYSIS          71

6.11.1      APPROACH         71

6.11.2      DOCUMENT TYPE           71

6.11.3      TOP APPLICANTS            73

6.11.4      JURISDICTION ANALYSIS              74

6.12         IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF ON SEMICONDUCTOR FLUIDS MARKET               75

6.12.1      INTRODUCTION              75

6.12.2      KEY TARIFF RATES          75

6.12.3      PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS             76

6.12.4      IMPACT ON COUNTRIES/REGIONS         76

6.12.4.1  US           76

6.12.4.2  Europe   77

6.12.4.3  Asia Pacific            78

6.12.5      IMPACT ON END USES  78

6.13         IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET               79

7               METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE      82

7.1           INTRODUCTION              83

7.2           STRAIGHT OILS                84

7.2.1        EFFECTIVENESS IN MACHINING AND FORMING APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET         84

7.3           SOLUBLE OILS  86

7.3.1        GROWTH OF METAL FABRICATION PROCESS TO DRIVE MARKET               86

7.4           SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS            88

7.4.1        ENHANCED PERFORMANCE AND AFFORDABILITY OF SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS TO DRIVE MARKET    88

7.5           SYNTHETIC FLUIDS        89

7.5.1        SUPERIOR COOLING CAPABILITIES OF SYNTHETIC FLUIDS TO FUEL DEMAND          89

8               METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE                 92

8.1           INTRODUCTION              93

8.2           REMOVAL FLUIDS           94

8.2.1        STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 94

8.3           PROTECTING FLUIDS    96

8.3.1        ANTI-CORROSION PROPERTY OF PROTECTING FLUIDS TO DRIVE MARKET         96

8.4           FORMING FLUIDS            98

8.4.1        ENHANCED PROCESS EFFICIENCY OF FORMING FLUIDS TO DRIVE MARKET         98

8.5           TREATING FLUIDS          99

8.5.1        ENHANCEMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TREATING FLUIDS TO FUEL DEMAND  99

9               METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE                 102

9.1           INTRODUCTION              103

9.2           TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING     105

9.2.1        GROWING AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION TO DRIVE MARKET               105

9.3           METAL FABRICATION   106

9.3.1        GROWING MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN EMERGING ECONOMIES TO DRIVE MARKET               106

9.4           MACHINERY       108

9.4.1        DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE MACHINERY TO DRIVE MARKET 108

9.5           OTHER END USES            110

10            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION 112

10.1         INTRODUCTION              113

10.2         ASIA PACIFIC     114

10.2.1      CHINA  120

10.2.1.1  Growing manufacturing sector to drive market               120

10.2.2      JAPAN   122

10.2.2.1  High automobile production to drive demand 122

10.2.3      INDIA    123

10.2.3.1  Expanding infrastructure and construction sectors to drive market    123

10.2.4      SOUTH KOREA  125

10.2.4.1  Rapid industrialization to drive market             125

10.3         EUROPE               126

10.3.1      GERMANY           132

10.3.1.1  Increase in automobile production to fuel demand         132

10.3.2      UK          134

10.3.2.1  Increasing investments in infrastructure development to drive market    134

10.3.3      FRANCE                135

10.3.3.1  Metal fabrication industry to dominate market                135

10.3.4      SPAIN    137

10.3.4.1  Growth of automotive industry to drive market               137

10.3.5      ITALY    138

10.3.5.1  Expanding manufacturing sector to drive market            138

10.3.6      RUSSIA 140

10.3.6.1  Booming automotive industry to propel market              140

10.4         NORTH AMERICA             142

10.4.1      US           147

10.4.1.1  Technological innovations to create lucrative opportunities for market growth       147

10.4.2      CANADA               149

10.4.2.1  Expanding manufacturing sector to propel market         149

10.4.3      MEXICO                150

10.4.3.1  Increasing demand from automotive sector to drive market                 150

10.5         SOUTH AMERICA             152

10.5.1      BRAZIL 157

10.5.1.1  Significant investments in automotive industry to accelerate market growth       157

10.5.2      ARGENTINA       158

10.5.2.1  Developing automotive industry to drive demand          158

10.6         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA                160

10.6.1      GCC COUNTRIES              165

10.6.1.1  Saudi Arabia          165

10.6.1.1.1                Strategic initiatives aimed at diversifying economy to drive market          165

10.6.2      EGYPT  167

10.6.2.1  High availability and low cost of raw materials to drive market                 167

10.6.3      SOUTH AFRICA 168

10.6.3.1  Advancements in machining technologies to drive demand                 168

11            COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE         170

11.1         INTRODUCTION              170

11.2         KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN            170

11.3         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS           172

11.4         REVENUE ANALYSIS       175

11.5         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024                 175

11.5.1      STARS   175

11.5.2      EMERGING LEADERS     175

11.5.3      PERVASIVE PLAYERS      176

11.5.4      PARTICIPANTS 176

11.5.5      COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024         177

11.5.5.1  Company footprint               177

11.5.5.2  Region footprint   178

11.5.5.3  Type footprint       179

11.5.5.4  Product type footprint         180

11.5.5.5  End use footprint  181

11.6         COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024        182

11.6.1      PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES         182

11.6.2      RESPONSIVE COMPANIES            182

11.6.3      DYNAMIC COMPANIES  182

11.6.4      STARTING BLOCKS         182

11.6.5      COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024                 183

11.6.5.1  Detailed list of key startups/SMEs    183

11.6.5.2  Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs          184

11.7         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             184

11.8         COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS                 185

11.9         COMPETITIVE SCENARIO             186

11.9.1      PRODUCT LAUNCHES   186

11.9.2      DEALS  187

11.9.3      EXPANSIONS     188

12            COMPANY PROFILES      189

12.1         KEY PLAYERS     189

12.1.1      QUAKER HOUGHTON    189

12.1.1.1  Business overview 189

12.1.1.2  Products offered   190

12.1.1.3  Recent developments           191

12.1.1.3.1                Deals      191

12.1.1.4  MnM view              191

12.1.1.4.1                Key strengths/Right to win 191

12.1.1.4.2                Strategic choices   191

12.1.1.4.3                Weaknesses/Competitive threats       192

12.1.2      TOTALENERGIES SE       193

12.1.2.1  Business overview 193

12.1.2.2  Products offered   194

12.1.2.3  Recent developments           195

12.1.2.3.1                Deals      195

12.1.2.4  MnM view              196

12.1.2.4.1                Key strengths/Right to win 196

12.1.2.4.2                Strategic choices   196

12.1.2.4.3                Weaknesses/Competitive threats       196

12.1.3      CHEVRON CORPORATION           197

12.1.3.1  Business overview 197

12.1.3.2  Products offered   198

12.1.3.3  Recent developments           199

12.1.3.3.1                Deals      199

12.1.3.3.2                Expansions             199

12.1.3.4  MnM view              200

12.1.3.4.1                Key strengths/Right to win 200

12.1.3.4.2                Strategic choices   200

12.1.3.4.3                Weaknesses/Competitive threats       200

12.1.4      EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION  201

12.1.4.1  Business overview 201

12.1.4.2  Products/Solutions/Services offered 202

12.1.4.3  Recent developments           203

12.1.4.3.1                Deals      203

12.1.4.3.2                Expansions             203

12.1.4.4  MnM view              204

12.1.4.4.1                Key strengths/Right to win 204

12.1.4.4.2                Strategic choices   204

12.1.4.4.3                Weaknesses/Competitive threats       204

12.1.5      PJSC LUKOIL      205

12.1.5.1  Business overview 205

12.1.5.2  Products offered   205

12.1.5.3  Recent developments           206

12.1.5.3.1                Deals      206

12.1.5.3.2                Expansions             207

12.1.5.4  MnM View             207

12.1.5.4.1                Key strengths/Right to win 207

12.1.5.4.2                Strategic choices   207

12.1.5.4.3                Weaknesses/Competitive threats       207

12.1.6      FUCHS SE             208

12.1.6.1  Business overview 208

12.1.6.2  Products offered   209

12.1.6.3  Recent developments           210

12.1.6.3.1                Product launches  210

12.1.6.3.2                Deals      211

12.1.6.3.3                Expansions             211

12.1.7      IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.       212

12.1.7.1  Business overview 212

12.1.7.2  Products offered   213

12.1.7.3  Recent developments           215

12.1.7.3.1                Expansions             215

12.1.8      BP P.L.C.               216

12.1.8.1  Business overview 216

12.1.8.2  Products offered   217

12.1.8.3  Recent developments           219

12.1.8.3.1                Deals      219

12.1.8.3.2                Expansions             219

12.1.9      SAUDI ARAMCO                220

12.1.9.1  Business overview 220

12.1.9.2  Products offered   221

12.1.9.3  Recent developments           222

12.1.9.3.1                Deals      222

12.1.10   CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION                 223

12.1.10.1                 Business overview 223

12.1.10.2                 Products offered   224

12.1.10.3                 Recent developments           225

12.1.10.3.1             Others    225

12.1.11   CHEM ARROW CORPORATION  226

12.1.11.1                 Business overview 226

12.1.11.2                 Products offered   226

12.2         OTHER PLAYERS              228

12.2.1      PHILLIPS 66 COMPANY 228

12.2.2      ENEOS HOLDINGS, INC.:               228

12.2.3      GULF OIL INTERNATIONAL LTD               229

12.2.4      HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED                 229

12.2.5      APAR INDUSTRIES LTD.                230

12.2.6      PETROFER          230

12.2.7      ENI S.P.A.             231

12.2.8      MOTUL S.A.        231

12.2.9      KLÜBER LUBRICATION MÜNCHEN GMBH & CO. KG                 232

12.2.10   VERTEX LUBRICANTS    232

12.2.11   METALFLOW S.A.             233

12.2.12   DENNISON LUBRICANTS, INC.   233

12.2.13   COSMO OIL LUBRICANTS CO., LTD.        234

12.2.14   RAYCO CHEMICAL           234

13            ADJACENT AND RELATED MARKETS      235

13.1         INTRODUCTION              235

13.2         LIMITATIONS    235

13.3         FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET                235

13.3.1      MARKET DEFINITION   235

13.3.2      MARKET OVERVIEW       236

13.4         FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY REGION                 236

14            APPENDIX           240

14.1         DISCUSSION GUIDE        240

14.2         KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’  SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL                243

14.3         CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS        245

14.4         RELATED REPORTS         245

14.5         AUTHOR DETAILS           246

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1                METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY TYPE               28

TABLE 2                METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS,

BY PRODUCT TYPE         28

TABLE 3                METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY END USE       29

TABLE 4                METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: GLOBAL REGULATORY BODIES  51

TABLE 5                METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 52

TABLE 6                INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END USE SEGMENTS (%)        54

TABLE 7                KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY END USE       55

TABLE 8                GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST OF MAJOR ECONOMIES, 2021–2030 (USD BILLION) 56

TABLE 9                AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF METALWORKING FLUIDS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY END USE, 2024 (USD/KG)        59

TABLE 10              AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF METALWORKING FLUIDS, BY REGION,

2022–2030 (USD/KG)        59

TABLE 11              ROLES OF COMPANIES IN METALWORKING FLUIDS ECOSYSTEM       61

TABLE 12              IMPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 340319-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY REGION, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)                 65

TABLE 13              EXPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 340319-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY REGION,  2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            66

TABLE 14              NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS                 67

TABLE 15              EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS           67

TABLE 16              ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS                 68

TABLE 17              GLOBAL: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS           69

TABLE 18              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: LIST OF KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025–2026                 70

TABLE 19              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: FUNDING/INVESTMENT SCENARIO,

2020–2024              70

TABLE 20              PATENT STATUS: PATENT APPLICATIONS, LIMITED PATENTS, AND GRANTED PATENTS, 2014–2024                 71

TABLE 21              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS, 2023–2024         73

TABLE 22              US-ADJUSTED RECIPROCAL TARIFF RATES                 75

TABLE 23              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            83

TABLE 24              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            83

TABLE 25              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)     84

TABLE 26              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)     84

TABLE 27              STRAIGHT OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            85

TABLE 28              STRAIGHT OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            85

TABLE 29              STRAIGHT OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     85

TABLE 30              STRAIGHT OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     86

TABLE 31              SOLUBLE OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            86

TABLE 32              SOLUBLE OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            87

TABLE 33              SOLUBLE OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     87

TABLE 34              SOLUBLE OILS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     87

TABLE 35              SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            88

TABLE 36              SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            88

TABLE 37              SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     89

TABLE 38              SEMI-SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     89

TABLE 39              SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            90

TABLE 40              SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            90

TABLE 41              SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     90

TABLE 42              SYNTHETIC FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     91

TABLE 43              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)         93

TABLE 44              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)         93

TABLE 45              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 94

TABLE 46              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 94

TABLE 47              REMOVAL FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            95

TABLE 48              REMOVAL FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            95

TABLE 49              EMOVAL FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     95

TABLE 50              REMOVAL FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     96

TABLE 51              PROTECTING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            96

TABLE 52              PROTECTING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            97

TABLE 53              PROTECTING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     97

TABLE 54              PROTECTING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     97

TABLE 55              FORMING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            98

TABLE 56              FORMING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            98

TABLE 57              FORMING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     99

TABLE 58              FORMING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     99

TABLE 59              TREATING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            100

TABLE 60              TREATING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            100

TABLE 61              TREATING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     100

TABLE 62              TREATING FLUIDS: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     101

TABLE 63              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            103

TABLE 64              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            104

TABLE 65              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)     104

TABLE 66              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)     104

TABLE 67              TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,

BY REGION, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)   105

TABLE 68              TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)   105

TABLE 69              TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,

BY REGION, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)            106

TABLE 70              TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET,

BY REGION, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)            106

TABLE 71              METAL FABRICATION: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            107

TABLE 72              METAL FABRICATION: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            107

TABLE 73              METAL FABRICATION: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     107

TABLE 74              METAL FABRICATION: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     108

TABLE 75              MACHINERY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            108

TABLE 76              MACHINERY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            109

TABLE 77              MACHINERY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     109

TABLE 78              MACHINERY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     109

TABLE 79              OTHER END USES: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            110

TABLE 80              OTHER END USES: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            110

TABLE 81              OTHER END USES: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     111

TABLE 82              OTHER END USES: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     111

TABLE 83              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            113

TABLE 84              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            113

TABLE 85              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)     114

TABLE 86              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY REGION, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)     114

TABLE 87              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            115

TABLE 88              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            116

TABLE 89              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)              116

TABLE 90              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)              116

TABLE 91              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            116

TABLE 92              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            117

TABLE 93              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     117

TABLE 94              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     117

TABLE 95              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            118

TABLE 96              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            118

TABLE 97              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     118

TABLE 98              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     119

TABLE 99              ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            119

TABLE 100            ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            119

TABLE 101            ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     120

TABLE 102            ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     120

TABLE 103            CHINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            121

TABLE 104            CHINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            121

TABLE 105            CHINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 121

TABLE 106            CHINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 122

TABLE 107            JAPAN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            122

TABLE 108            JAPAN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            122

TABLE 109            JAPAN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 123

TABLE 110            JAPAN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 123

TABLE 111            INDIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            124

TABLE 112            INDIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            124

TABLE 113            INDIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 124

TABLE 114            INDIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 125

TABLE 115            SOUTH KOREA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            125

TABLE 116            SOUTH KOREA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            125

TABLE 117            SOUTH KOREA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     126

TABLE 118            SOUTH KOREA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     126

TABLE 119            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)                127

TABLE 120            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)                128

TABLE 121            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)        128

TABLE 122            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)        128

TABLE 123            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            128

TABLE 124            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            129

TABLE 125            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     129

TABLE 126            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     129

TABLE 127            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            130

TABLE 128            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            130

TABLE 129            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,  2020–2024 (KILOTON)              130

TABLE 130            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 131

TABLE 131            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            131

TABLE 132            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            131

TABLE 133            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)              132

TABLE 134            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)              132

TABLE 135            GERMANY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            133

TABLE 136            GERMANY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            133

TABLE 137            GERMANY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     133

TABLE 138            GERMANY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     134

TABLE 139            UK: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)  134

TABLE 140            UK: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)  134

TABLE 141            UK: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)           135

TABLE 142            UK: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)           135

TABLE 143            FRANCE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            136

TABLE 144            FRANCE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            136

TABLE 145            FRANCE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 136

TABLE 146            FRANCE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 137

TABLE 147            SPAIN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            137

TABLE 148            SPAIN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            138

TABLE 149            SPAIN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 138

TABLE 150            SPAIN: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 138

TABLE 151            ITALY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)        139

TABLE 152            ITALY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)        139

TABLE 153            ITALY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 140

TABLE 154            ITALY: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 140

TABLE 155            RUSSIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            140

TABLE 156            RUSSIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            141

TABLE 157            RUSSIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 141

TABLE 158            RUSSIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 141

TABLE 159            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            143

TABLE 160            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            143

TABLE 161            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     143

TABLE 162            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     144

TABLE 163            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)          144

TABLE 164            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)          144

TABLE 165            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     145

TABLE 166            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     145

TABLE 167            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)          145

TABLE 168            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)          145

TABLE 169            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     146

TABLE 170            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     146

TABLE 171            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            146

TABLE 172            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            146

TABLE 173            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)  147

TABLE 174            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     147

TABLE 175            US: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)  148

TABLE 176            US: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (USD MILLION)  148

TABLE 177            US: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)           148

TABLE 178            US: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)           149

TABLE 179            CANADA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            149

TABLE 180            CANADA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            149

TABLE 181            CANADA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON)          150

TABLE 182            CANADA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON)          150

TABLE 183            MEXICO: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            151

TABLE 184            MEXICO: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            151

TABLE 185            MEXICO: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 151

TABLE 186            MEXICO: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 152

TABLE 187            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            152

TABLE 188            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            152

TABLE 189            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     153

TABLE 190            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     153

TABLE 191            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            153

TABLE 192            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            154

TABLE 193            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     154

TABLE 194            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     154

TABLE 195            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)          155

TABLE 196            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            155

TABLE 197            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     155

TABLE 198            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     156

TABLE 199            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            156

TABLE 200            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            156

TABLE 201            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     157

TABLE 202            SOUTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     157

TABLE 203            BRAZIL: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            157

TABLE 204            BRAZIL: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            158

TABLE 205            BRAZIL: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 158

TABLE 206            BRAZIL: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 158

TABLE 207          ARGENTINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            159

TABLE 208          ARGENTINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            159

TABLE 209          ARGENTINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     159

TABLE 210          ARGENTINA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     160

TABLE 211            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            160

TABLE 212            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            160

TABLE 213            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     161

TABLE 214            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY TYPE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     161

TABLE 215            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,  2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            161

TABLE 216            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,  2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            161

TABLE 217            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,  2020–2024 (KILOTON)                 162

TABLE 218            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE,  2025–2030 (KILOTON)                 162

TABLE 219            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            162

TABLE 220            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            163

TABLE 221            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     163

TABLE 222            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     163

TABLE 223            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            164

TABLE 224            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            164

TABLE 225            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     165

TABLE 226            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     165

TABLE 227            SAUDI ARABIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            166

TABLE 228            SAUDI ARABIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            166

TABLE 229            SAUDI ARABIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     166

TABLE 230            SAUDI ARABIA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     167

TABLE 231            EGYPT: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            167

TABLE 232            EGYPT: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            167

TABLE 233            EGYPT: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2020–2024 (KILOTON) 168

TABLE 234            EGYPT: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE, 2025–2030 (KILOTON) 168

TABLE 235            SOUTH AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            168

TABLE 236            SOUTH AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (USD MILLION)            169

TABLE 237            SOUTH AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2020–2024 (KILOTON)     169

TABLE 238            SOUTH AFRICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET, BY END USE,

2025–2030 (KILOTON)     169

TABLE 239            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2020–2024  170

TABLE 240            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION, 2024       173

TABLE 241            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT       178

TABLE 242            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: TYPE FOOTPRINT       179

TABLE 243            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: PRODUCT TYPE FOOTPRINT            180

TABLE 244            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: END USE FOOTPRINT       181

TABLE 245            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES   183

TABLE 246            METALWORKING FLUID MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES                 184

TABLE 247            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES,

JANUARY 2020–DECEMBER 2024 186

TABLE 248            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DEALS, JANUARY 2020–DECEMBER 2024 187

TABLE 249            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: EXPANSIONS,

JANUARY 2020–DECEMBER 2024 188

TABLE 250            QUAKER HOUGHTON: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 189

TABLE 251            QUAKER HOUGHTON: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 190

TABLE 252            QUAKER HOUGHTON: DEALS    191

TABLE 253            TOTALENERGIES SE: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 193

TABLE 254            TOTALENERGIES SE: PRODUCTS OFFERED                 194

TABLE 255            TOTALENERGIES SE: DEALS       195

TABLE 256            CHEVRON CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          197

TABLE 257            CHEVRON CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED             198

TABLE 258            CHEVRON CORPORATION: DEALS           199

TABLE 259            CHEVRON CORPORATION: EXPANSIONS                 199

TABLE 260            EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          201

TABLE 261            EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED    202

TABLE 262            EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION: DEALS  203

TABLE 263            EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION: EXPANSIONS                 203

TABLE 264            PJSC LUKOIL: COMPANY OVERVIEW       205

TABLE 265            PJSC LUKOIL: PRODUCTS OFFERED        205

TABLE 266            PJSC LUKOIL: DEALS      206

TABLE 267            PJSC LUKOIL: EXPANSIONS         207

TABLE 268            FUCHS SE: COMPANY OVERVIEW             208

TABLE 269            FUCHS SE: PRODUCTS OFFERED              209

TABLE 270            FUCHS SE: PRODUCT LAUNCHES             210

TABLE 271            FUCHS SE: DEALS             211

TABLE 272            FUCHS SE: EXPANSIONS                211

TABLE 273            IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          212

TABLE 274            IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED             213

TABLE 275            IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.: EXPANSIONS                 215

TABLE 276            BP P.L.C.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                216

TABLE 277            BP P.L.C.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 217

TABLE 278            BP P.L.C.: DEALS               219

TABLE 279            BP P.L.C.: EXPANSIONS 219

TABLE 280            SAUDI ARAMCO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 220

TABLE 281            SAUDI ARAMCO: PRODUCTS OFFERED 221

TABLE 282            SAUDI ARAMCO: DEALS                222

TABLE 283            CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 223

TABLE 284            CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED  224

TABLE 285            CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION: OTHERS              225

TABLE 286            CHEM ARROW CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW          226

TABLE 287            CHEM ARROW CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED             226

TABLE 288            PHILLIPS 66: COMPANY OVERVIEW         228

TABLE 289            ENEOS HOLDINGS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 228

TABLE 290            GULF OIL INTERNATIONAL LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW          229

TABLE 291            HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW               229

TABLE 292            APAR INDUSTRIES LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW          230

TABLE 293            PETROFER: COMPANY OVERVIEW           230

TABLE 294            ENI S.P.A.: COMPANY OVERVIEW              231

TABLE 295            MOTUL S.A.: COMPANY OVERVIEW         231

TABLE 296            KLÜBER LUBRICATION MÜNCHEN GMBH & CO. KG: COMPANY OVERVIEW           232

TABLE 297            VERTEX LUBRICANTS: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 232

TABLE 298            METAL FLOW, S.A.: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 233

TABLE 299            DENNISON LUBRICANTS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          233

TABLE 300            COSMO OIL LUBRICANTS CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW          234

TABLE 301            RAYCO CHEMICAL: COMPANY OVERVIEW                 234

TABLE 302            FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)          236

TABLE 303            FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)          236

TABLE 304            NORTH AMERICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2017–2020 (USD MILLION)            236

TABLE 305            NORTH AMERICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2027 (USD MILLION)            237

TABLE 306            EUROPE: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2017–2020 (USD MILLION)            237

TABLE 307            EUROPE: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2027 (USD MILLION)            237

TABLE 308            ASIA PACIFIC: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2017–2020 (USD MILLION)            238

TABLE 309            ASIA PACIFIC: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2027 (USD MILLION)            238

TABLE 310            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2017–2020 (USD MILLION)            238

TABLE 311            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2021–2027 (USD MILLION)            239

TABLE 312            SOUTH AMERICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2017–2020 (USD MILLION)            239

TABLE 313            SOUTH AMERICA: FIRE-RESISTANT LUBRICANTS MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2027 (USD MILLION)            239

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: SEGMENTATION AND REGIONAL SCOPE              27

FIGURE 2              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN                31

FIGURE 3              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 1 (SUPPLY SIDE) — COLLECTIVE SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS              35

FIGURE 4              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 2 (SUPPLY SIDE) — COLLECTIVE REVENUE OF ALL PRODUCTS         35

FIGURE 5              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 3 – BOTTOM-UP

(DEMAND SIDE)               36

FIGURE 6              MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 4 – TOP-DOWN         36

FIGURE 7              METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION             37

FIGURE 8              MARKET CAGR PROJECTIONS FROM SUPPLY SIDE      38

FIGURE 9              MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE: DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES                39

FIGURE 10            SOLUBLE OILS SEGMENT TO LEAD METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 41

FIGURE 11            TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING SEGMENT TO LEAD METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD         42

FIGURE 12            REMOVAL FLUIDS SEGMENT TO LEAD METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 42

FIGURE 13            ASIA PACIFIC TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD       43

FIGURE 14            INCREASING AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION TO CREATE LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARKET PLAYERS                 44

FIGURE 15            ASIA PACIFIC TO RECORD FASTEST GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD       44

FIGURE 16            SOLUBLE OILS SEGMENT AND CHINA ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARES OF ASIA PACIFIC METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET IN 2024           45

FIGURE 17            REMOVAL FLUIDS SEGMENT AND ASIA PACIFIC ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARES OF MOST REGIONAL MARKETS IN 2024              45

FIGURE 18            INDIA TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD         46

FIGURE 19            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES         47

FIGURE 20            GLOBAL AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION, 2020–2024 (MILLION UNITS)  48

FIGURE 21            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 52

FIGURE 22            INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END USE SEGMENTS                54

FIGURE 23            KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY END USE       55

FIGURE 24            METALWORKING FLUIDS: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS            57

FIGURE 25            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF METALWORKING FLUIDS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY END USE, 2024 (USD/KG)        58

FIGURE 26            AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF METALWORKING FLUIDS, BY REGION,

2022–2030 (USD/KG)        59

FIGURE 27            TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS   60

FIGURE 28            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS  61

FIGURE 29            IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 340319-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            65

FIGURE 30            EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 340319-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            66

FIGURE 31            PATENTS REGISTERED FOR METALWORKING FLUIDS, 2014–2024            71

FIGURE 32            LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS RELATED TO METALWORKING FLUIDS, 2014–2024        72

FIGURE 33            LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS FILED FOR METALWORKING FLUIDS, 2014–2024        74

FIGURE 34            MAXIMUM PATENTS FILED IN JURISDICTION OF CHINA, 2014–2024       74

FIGURE 35            IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET               80

FIGURE 36            SOLUBLE OILS SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET IN 2025     83

FIGURE 37            REMOVAL FLUIDS SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET IN 2025                 93

FIGURE 38            TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2025                 103

FIGURE 39            ASIA PACIFIC TO BE FASTEST-GROWING METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD                 113

FIGURE 40            ASIA PACIFIC: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET SNAPSHOT       115

FIGURE 41            EUROPE: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET SNAPSHOT          127

FIGURE 42            NORTH AMERICA: METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET SNAPSHOT       142

FIGURE 43            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024  173

FIGURE 44            METALWORKING FLUID MARKET: REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY COMPANIES,

2020–2024 (USD MILLION)            175

FIGURE 45            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX

(KEY PLAYERS), 2024       176

FIGURE 46            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT       177

FIGURE 47            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (STARTUPS/SMES), 2024 183

FIGURE 48            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON             184

FIGURE 49            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: EV/EBITDA OF KEY MANUFACTURERS           185

FIGURE 50            METALWORKING FLUIDS MARKET: ENTERPRISE VALUATION (EV) OF KEY PLAYERS (USD BILLION)                 186

FIGURE 51            QUAKER HOUGHTON: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 190

FIGURE 52            TOTALENERGIES SE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 194

FIGURE 53            CHEVRON CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          198

FIGURE 54            EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          202

FIGURE 55            FUCHS SE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT             209

FIGURE 56            IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT          213

FIGURE 57            BP P.L.C.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT               217

FIGURE 58            SAUDI ARAMCO: COMPANY SNAPSHOT                 221

FIGURE 59            CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 224