デジタルキーキャビネット市場 : 2029年までの世界予測

Digital Key Cabinet Market - Global Forecast to 2029

デジタルキーキャビネット市場 : 提供内容 (ハードウェア、ソフトウェアおよびサービス)、用途 (商業、住宅、政府および軍事)、容量 (最大 50 キー、51 ~ 100 キー、100 キー以上)、 地域別 - 2029年までの世界予測
Digital Key Cabinet Market by Offering (Hardware, Software & Services), Application (Commercial, Residential, Government & Military), Capacity (Up to 50 Keys, 51-100 Keys, Above 100 Keys) and Region - Global Forecast to 2029

出版年月2024年6月
ページ数207
図表数210
価格タイプシングルユーザライセンス
価格USD 4,950
種別英文調査報告書

Report Overview

The global digital key cabinet market is projected to grow from USD 160 million in 2024 to USD 225 million by 2029, registering a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period.

世界のデジタルキーキャビネット市場は、2024年の1億6,000万米ドルから2029年までに2億2,500万米ドルに成長すると予測されており、予測期間中に7.1%のCAGRを記録します。

The proliferation of smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) drives market growth, as digital key cabinets integrate seamlessly with existing security systems. Additionally, the trend towards automation and efficient facility management spurs organizations to adopt digital solutions that streamline key management. Innovations such as biometric authentication and mobile app integration are enhancing user convenience and operational efficiency. Foremost is the escalating demand for enhanced security solutions across industries such as hospitality, healthcare, government, and commercial enterprises. These cabinets provide advanced features like real-time tracking, audit trails, and restricted access, ensuring key safety and accountability.

デジタルキーキャビネット市場 : 2029年までの世界予測

“The above 100 keys segment is expected to hold the largest share in the overall digital key cabinet market.”
The above 100 keys segment is expected to hold the largest market share due to the growing need for efficient key management solutions in large-scale operations. Industries such as hospitality, government, healthcare, and corporate sectors require the management of a significant number of keys to ensure security and operational efficiency. Facilities like hotels, hospitals, government buildings, and large office complexes often have extensive key management needs to control access to numerous rooms, offices, and secure areas. Digital key cabinets with a capacity of over 100 keys provide a centralized and secure solution to manage these extensive key inventories. Moreover, the scalability and advanced features of these larger capacity cabinets, such as real-time monitoring, automated reporting, and integration with other security systems, make them highly attractive for organizations aiming to enhance their security infrastructure and streamline key management processes.

デジタルキーキャビネット市場 : 2029年までの世界予測 ecosystem

“The software & services segment is projected to grow at a significant growth rate during the forecast period.”
The software & services segment is anticipated to grow at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period in the digital key cabinet market during the forecast period. The increasing complexity and functionality of digital key management systems necessitate advanced software solutions that can efficiently manage, monitor, and secure digital keys across various industries. These software solutions are becoming more sophisticated, offering features such as real-time monitoring, automated alerts, and integration with broader security systems, which are highly valued in sectors like government, healthcare, and corporate environments. Furthermore, the rise in cybersecurity threats underscores the need for robust software capable of protecting sensitive information and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Additionally, the growing adoption of cloud-based services facilitates easier and more scalable implementation and management of digital key cabinets, driving demand for subscription-based service models that provide continuous updates and support.

“China is likely to exhibit highest CAGR in the Asia Pacific digital key cabinet market during the forecast period”
China is expected to expand at the fastest CAGR in the Asia Pacific digital key cabinet market, driven by several key factors. The country’s rapid urbanization and industrialization have heightened the need for advanced security solutions, including digital key cabinets, to manage and secure physical assets across various sectors. The Chinese government’s strong focus on enhancing public safety and security, supported by favorable regulatory frameworks, has accelerated the adoption of advanced security technologies. Additionally, significant investments in smart city projects and IoT integration within China’s burgeoning technology sector further increase the demand for digital key cabinets that can integrate seamlessly with other smart systems. The presence of numerous local manufacturers offering cost-effective and technologically advanced products also makes these solutions more accessible to a wide range of businesses and institutions.

デジタルキーキャビネット市場 : 2029年までの世界予測 region

Breakdown of profiles of primary participants:
• By Company Type: Tier 1 = 20%, Tier 2 = 55%, and Tier 3 = 25%
• By Designation: C-level Executives = 50%, Directors = 25%, and Managers = 25%
• By Region: North America = 60%, Europe = 20%, Asia Pacific = 10%, and Rest of the World = 10%

The major companies in the digital key cabinet market include ASSA ABLOY (Sweden), Carrier (US), Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Limited (India), KeyGuard (Lithuania), Landwell (China), Morse Watchmans (US), Creone (Sweden), Securikey (UK), Keytracker Ltd. (UK), and Key Systems, Inc. (US) among others.

Research Coverage
The report segments the digital key cabinet market and forecasts its size, by value, based on offering, capacity, application, and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World). The report also comprehensively reviews market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges in the digital key cabinet market. The report also covers qualitative aspects in addition to the quantitative aspects of these markets.

Reasons to Buy the Report:
• Analysis of key drivers (mounting demand for security solutions to safeguard critical assets, increasing construction of residential and commercial buildings in emerging economies, and rising adoption of cloud-based solutions to modernize digital key management), restraints (growing popularity of keyless entry systems and increasing vulnerability of digital key cabinets to hacking), opportunities (rapid advancement in IoT and biometric authentication technologies and surging demand for intelligent key cabinets with real-time monitoring features), and challenges (high installation and management costs and complexity in integrating digital key cabinets into existing legacy systems) influencing the growth of the digital key cabinet market.
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the digital key cabinet market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the digital key cabinet market across varied regions.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the digital key cabinet market.
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies and product offerings of leading players like ASSA ABLOY (Sweden), Carrier (US), Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Limited (India), KeyGuard (Lithuania), Landwell (China), Morse Watchmans (US), Creone (Sweden), Securikey (UK), Keytracker Ltd. (UK), and Key Systems, Inc. (US) among others.

Table of Contents

1            INTRODUCTION            27

1.1         STUDY OBJECTIVES      27

1.2         MARKET DEFINITION   27

1.3         STUDY SCOPE  28

1.3.1      MARKETS COVERED     28

FIGURE 1           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SEGMENTATION         28

1.3.2      INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 28

1.3.3      REGIONAL SCOPE         29

1.3.4      YEARS CONSIDERED     29

1.4         CURRENCY CONSIDERED          29

1.5         UNITS CONSIDERED     30

1.6         LIMITATIONS   30

1.7         STAKEHOLDERS            30

1.8         IMPACT OF RECESSION 30

2            RESEARCH METHODOLOGY     31

2.1         RESEARCH DATA           31

FIGURE 2           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN    31

2.1.1      SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 32

2.1.2      SECONDARY DATA       33

2.1.2.1   Key data from secondary sources     33

2.1.2.2   List of key secondary sources           33

2.1.3      PRIMARY DATA 34

2.1.3.1   Key data from primary sources         34

2.1.3.2   Key industry insights          35

2.1.3.3   Breakdown of primaries     35

2.1.3.4   List of primary interview participants             35

2.2         MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY    36

2.2.1      BOTTOM-UP APPROACH           36

2.2.1.1   Approach to arrive at market size using bottom-up analysis (demand side)              36

FIGURE 3           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              36

2.2.2      TOP-DOWN APPROACH             37

2.2.2.1   Approach to arrive at market size using top-down analysis (supply side)  37

FIGURE 4           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH              37

FIGURE 5           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY           38

2.3         MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION    39

FIGURE 6           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION              39

2.4         RISK ASSESSMENT         40

TABLE 1             DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: RISK ASSESSMENT      40

2.5         RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS         41

FIGURE 7           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS              41

2.6         RESEARCH LIMITATIONS           41

FIGURE 8           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: RESEARCH LIMITATIONS              41

2.7         RECESSION IMPACT      42

3            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 43

FIGURE 9           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SIZE, 2020–2029 (USD MILLION)          43

FIGURE 10         SOFTWARE & SERVICES OFFERINGS TO EXHIBIT HIGHER CAGR THAN HARDWARE OFFERINGS DURING FORECAST PERIOD      44

FIGURE 11         ABOVE 100 KEYS SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2029  44

FIGURE 12         COMMERCIAL APPLICATION TO DOMINATE DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET FROM 2024 TO 2029  45

FIGURE 13         ASIA PACIFIC TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD              46

4            PREMIUM INSIGHTS      47

4.1         ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET         47

FIGURE 14         RISING INCIDENCE OF SECURITY BREACHES TO CREATE LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET            47

4.2         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING 47

FIGURE 15         HARDWARE SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, IN 2029 47

4.3         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY 48

FIGURE 16         ABOVE 100 KEYS SEGMENT HELD LARGEST SHARE OF DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY, IN 2023  48

4.4         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION        48

FIGURE 17         COMMERCIAL SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET, BY APPLICATION, BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029            48

4.5         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION    49

FIGURE 18         NORTH AMERICA TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF GLOBAL DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN 2029           49

5            MARKET OVERVIEW     50

5.1         INTRODUCTION            50

5.2         MARKET DYNAMICS     50

FIGURE 19         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES    50

5.2.1      DRIVERS            51

5.2.1.1   Mounting demand for security solutions to safeguard critical assets         51

5.2.1.2   Increasing construction of residential and commercial buildings in emerging economies           51

5.2.1.3   Rising adoption of cloud-based digital key management solutions            52

FIGURE 20         IMPACT ANALYSIS: DRIVERS     52

5.2.2      RESTRAINTS     53

5.2.2.1   Growing preference for keyless entry systems 53

5.2.2.2   Increasing vulnerability of digital key cabinets to hacking           53

FIGURE 21         IMPACT ANALYSIS: RESTRAINTS            54

5.2.3      OPPORTUNITIES           54

5.2.3.1   Rapid advancement in IoT and RFID technologies      54

5.2.3.2   Surging demand for intelligent key cabinets with real-time monitoring features              55

FIGURE 22         IMPACT ANALYSIS: OPPORTUNITIES    55

5.2.4      CHALLENGES   56

5.2.4.1   High installation and management costs        56

5.2.4.2   Complexity in integrating digital key cabinets into existing legacy systems              56

FIGURE 23         IMPACT ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES          56

5.3         SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS          57

FIGURE 24         DIGITAL KEY CABINETMARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS              57

5.4         ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 58

FIGURE 25         DIGITAL KEY CABINET ECOSYSTEM      58

TABLE 2             ROLE OF COMPANIES IN DIGITAL KEY CABINET ECOSYSTEM              59

5.5         PRICING ANALYSIS        60

5.5.1      AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY CAPACITY              60

FIGURE 26         AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DIGITAL KEY CABINETS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY CAPACITY (USD)            60

TABLE 3             AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DIGITAL KEY CABINETS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, BY CAPACITY (USD)            60

5.5.2      AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION  61

FIGURE 27         AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DIGITAL KEY CABINETS OF UP TO 50 KEYS, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD)             61

FIGURE 28         AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DIGITAL KEY CABINETS OF 51–100 KEYS, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD)    61

FIGURE 29         AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DIGITAL KEY CABINETS OF ABOVE 100 KEYS, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD)          62

5.6         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO            62

FIGURE 30         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO            62

5.7         TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 63

FIGURE 31         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 63

5.8         TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS           64

5.8.1      KEY TECHNOLOGIES    64

5.8.1.1   Radio frequency identification         64

5.8.1.2   Near-field communication 64

5.8.2      COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES     64

5.8.2.1   Smart locks          64

5.8.3      ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES      65

5.8.3.1   Surveillance systems          65

5.9         PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         65

TABLE 4             PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         65

FIGURE 32         PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         66

5.9.1      THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS    66

5.9.2      THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES         67

5.9.3      BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS     67

5.9.4      BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS           67

5.9.5      INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 68

5.10       KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA    68

5.10.1    KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS         68

FIGURE 33         INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION  68

TABLE 5             INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION (%)         69

5.10.2    BUYING CRITERIA         69

FIGURE 34         KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION          69

TABLE 6             KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION          69

5.11       CASE STUDIES  70

5.11.1    ARDEN MAIDSTONE IMPLEMENTS KEYTRACKER’S ELECTRONIC KEY SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS DISORGANIZATION AND DISRUPTION ISSUES CAUSED BY OLD KEY SYSTEMS   70

5.11.2    MERCEDES-BENZ PANAVTO ADOPTS ECOS SYSTEM’S KEY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR EFFICIENT ORGANIZATIONAL OPERATIONS              70

5.11.3    MÖVENPICK HOTEL AMSTERDAM CITY CENTRE INSTALLS KEYCONDUCTOR CONTROL SYSTEM TO ORGANIZE ISSUING AND RETURN OF KEYS     71

5.11.4    WYLIE POLICE DEPARTMENT ADOPTS TRAKA PRO S KEY CABINET AND TRAKAWEB SOFTWARE TO PREVENT SECURITY THREATS             71

5.11.5    WALWORTH COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT USES KEYWATCHER TOUCH SOLUTION TO MANAGE VEHICLE AND BUILDING KEYS              72

5.12       TRADE ANALYSIS          73

5.12.1    IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 8303)      73

FIGURE 35         IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8303-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, 2018–2022          73

5.12.2    EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 8303)      74

FIGURE 36         EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 8303-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, 2018–2022          74

5.13       PATENT ANALYSIS        75

FIGURE 37         PATENTS APPLIED AND GRANTED, 2014–2023   75

TABLE 7             LIST OF KEY PATENTS, 2021–2023           76

5.14       KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025     79

TABLE 8             LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025            79

5.15       REGULATORY LANDSCAPE       80

5.15.1    REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS          80

TABLE 9             NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS         80

TABLE 10           EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 81

TABLE 11           ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS         81

TABLE 12           ROW: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS          82

5.15.2    STANDARDS     82

6            DIGITAL KEY CABINET TECHNOLOGIES            83

6.1         INTRODUCTION            83

6.2         BIOMETRIC ACCESS CONTROL 83

6.3         KEYPAD ACCESS CONTROL       84

6.4         RFID/NFC ACCESS CONTROL    84

7            DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING 86

7.1         INTRODUCTION            87

FIGURE 38         SOFTWARE & SERVICES SEGMENT TO RECORD HIGHER CAGR IN DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029              87

TABLE 13           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 87

TABLE 14           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 87

7.2         HARDWARE      88

7.2.1      REQUIREMENT FOR DURABLE MATERIALS WITHSTANDING PHYSICAL TEMPERING OF KEY CABINETS TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH        88

TABLE 15           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          88

TABLE 16           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          89

TABLE 17           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)       89

TABLE 18           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)       89

TABLE 19           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)    90

TABLE 20           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)    90

TABLE 21           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)            90

TABLE 22           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            91

TABLE 23           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)       91

TABLE 24           HARDWARE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)       91

7.3         SOFTWARE & SERVICES 92

7.3.1      RELIANCE ON CENTRALIZED PLATFORM TO STREAMLINE KEY MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCE SECURITY TO FUEL SEGMENTAL GROWTH              92

TABLE 25           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)       93

TABLE 26           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)       93

TABLE 27           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)       93

TABLE 28           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)       94

TABLE 29           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)         94

TABLE 30           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)         94

TABLE 31           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 95

TABLE 32           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 95

TABLE 33           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     95

TABLE 34           SOFTWARE & SERVICES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     96

8            DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY 97

8.1         INTRODUCTION            98

FIGURE 39         ABOVE 100 KEYS SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET, BY CAPACITY, DURING FORECAST PERIOD             98

TABLE 35           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          98

TABLE 36           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          98

TABLE 37           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY, 2020–2023 (THOUSAND UNITS)     99

TABLE 38           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY CAPACITY, 2024–2029 (THOUSAND UNITS)     99

8.2         UP TO 50 KEYS 99

8.2.1      ADVANCED ENCRYPTION AND USER AUTHENTICATION FEATURES TO CONTRIBUTE TO SEGMENTAL GROWTH    99

8.3         51–100 KEYS      100

8.3.1      ENHANCED STORAGE CAPACITY AND SECURITY TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH 100

8.4         ABOVE 100 KEYS            100

8.4.1      UNPARALLELED SCALABILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY TO ACCELERATE SEGMENTAL GROWTH    100

9            DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION        101

9.1         INTRODUCTION            102

FIGURE 40         COMMERCIAL APPLICATION TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR FROM 2024 TO 2029       102

TABLE 39           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 102

TABLE 40           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 102

9.2         COMMERCIAL  103

TABLE 41           COMMERCIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          103

TABLE 42           COMMERCIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          104

TABLE 43           COMMERCIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          104

TABLE 44           COMMERCIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          104

9.2.1      CORPORATE OFFICES  105

9.2.1.1   Increasing focus on enhancing server room security to augment segmental growth              105

9.2.2      BANKS  105

9.2.2.1   Rising need for comprehensive audit trail to prevent security breaches to foster segmental growth 105

9.2.3      DATA CENTERS             106

9.2.3.1   Increasing implementation of strict regulatory frameworks to safeguard sensitive data to drive market           106

9.2.4      HOSPITALS       106

9.2.4.1   Growing emphasis on protecting vital assets and optimizing healthcare workflows to facilitate segmental growth          106

9.2.5      UTILITIES          107

9.2.5.1   Rising focus on streamlining operations and complying with regulatory standards to boost segmental growth 107

9.2.6      EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 107

9.2.6.1   Increasing need to optimize workflows and allocate resources effectively to contribute to segmental growth        107

9.2.7      PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HUBS          108

9.2.7.1   Growing focus on simplifying access management to accelerate segmental growth              108

9.2.8      CONSTRUCTION SITES 108

9.2.8.1   Rising need to track key usage patterns and optimize resource allocation to fuel segmental growth 108

9.3         RESIDENTIAL   108

9.3.1      MOUNTING DEMAND FOR KEY CABINETS FOR SHORT-TERM RENTAL MANAGEMENT TO AUGMENT SEGMENTAL GROWTH  108

TABLE 45           RESIDENTIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          109

TABLE 46           RESIDENTIAL: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          109

9.4         GOVERNMENT & MILITARY       109

9.4.1      INCREASING NEED TO PROTECT SENSITIVE AREAS, EQUIPMENT, AND VEHICLES TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH    109

TABLE 47           GOVERNMENT & MILITARY: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)  110

TABLE 48           GOVERNMENT & MILITARY: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  110

10          DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION    111

10.1       INTRODUCTION            112

FIGURE 41         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION    112

FIGURE 42         CHINA TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR IN GLOBAL DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 112

FIGURE 43         NORTH AMERICA TO DOMINATE GLOBAL MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD       113

TABLE 49           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          113

TABLE 50           DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          113

10.2       NORTH AMERICA          114

FIGURE 44         NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SNAPSHOT              115

10.2.1    RECESSION IMPACT ON DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA           115

TABLE 51           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)    116

TABLE 52           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)    116

TABLE 53           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)           116

TABLE 54           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)           117

TABLE 55           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   117

TABLE 56           NORTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   117

10.2.2    US         118

10.2.2.1 Growing crime rates and security threats to contribute to market growth 118

TABLE 57           US: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 118

TABLE 58           US: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 118

10.2.3    CANADA            119

10.2.3.1 Availability of interest-free loans to boost technological advancement to drive market   119

TABLE 59           CANADA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          119

TABLE 60           CANADA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          119

10.2.4    MEXICO             120

10.2.4.1 Rising adoption of home automation and security solutions to fuel market growth              120

TABLE 61           MEXICO: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     120

TABLE 62           MEXICO: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     120

10.3       EUROPE             121

FIGURE 45         EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SNAPSHOT  121

10.3.1    RECESSION IMPACT ON DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN EUROPE              122

TABLE 63           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     122

TABLE 64           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     122

TABLE 65           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          123

TABLE 66           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          123

TABLE 67           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     123

TABLE 68           EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     123

10.3.2    UK         124

10.3.2.1 Installation of integrated security systems to prevent robbery to boost market growth   124

TABLE 69           UK: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 124

TABLE 70           UK: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 124

10.3.3    GERMANY         125

10.3.3.1 Technological advances and evolving security needs to foster market growth              125

TABLE 71           GERMANY: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 72           GERMANY: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          125

10.3.4    FRANCE             125

10.3.4.1 Rise in tourism and defense spending to contribute to market growth      125

TABLE 73           FRANCE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     126

TABLE 74           FRANCE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     126

10.3.5    REST OF EUROPE           126

TABLE 75           REST OF EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   126

TABLE 76           REST OF EUROPE: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   127

10.4       ASIA PACIFIC    127

FIGURE 46         ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SNAPSHOT              128

10.4.1    RECESSION IMPACT ON DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC             128

TABLE 77           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          129

TABLE 78           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          129

TABLE 79           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)           129

TABLE 80           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)           130

TABLE 81           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          130

TABLE 82           ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          130

10.4.2    CHINA  131

10.4.2.1 Growing emphasis on technological innovation and infrastructure development to accelerate market growth   131

TABLE 83           CHINA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     131

TABLE 84           CHINA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     131

10.4.3    JAPAN  131

10.4.3.1 Increasing expansion of automotive manufacturing facilities to boost market growth   131

TABLE 85           JAPAN: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     132

TABLE 86           JAPAN: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     132

10.4.4    SOUTH KOREA 132

10.4.4.1 Rising integration of AI and IoT technologies into industrial operations to fuel market growth     132

TABLE 87          SOUTH KOREA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)          132

TABLE 88          SOUTH KOREA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          133

10.4.5    AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND   133

10.4.5.1 Growing emphasis on workplace safety to bolster market growth             133

TABLE 89           AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)            133

TABLE 90           AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            133

10.4.6    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC  134

TABLE 91           REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   134

TABLE 92           REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   134

10.5       ROW     135

FIGURE 47         ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SNAPSHOT         135

10.5.1    RECESSION IMPACT ON DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET IN ROW              135

TABLE 93           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 136

TABLE 94           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 136

TABLE 95           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     136

TABLE 96           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     136

TABLE 97           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)     137

TABLE 98           ROW: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     137

10.5.2    SOUTH AMERICA           137

10.5.2.1 Increased spending on security solutions to prevent data theft to accelerate market growth   137

TABLE 99           SOUTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   137

TABLE 100         SOUTH AMERICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   138

10.5.3    MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA             138

10.5.3.1 Rising emphasis on enhancing security in educational institutions and healthcare facilities to contribute to market growth         138

TABLE 101         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)    138

TABLE 102         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)    139

TABLE 103         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   139

TABLE 104         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   139

10.5.3.2 GCC countries     140

TABLE 105         GCC COUNTRIES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)   140

TABLE 106         GCC COUNTRIES: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)   140

10.5.3.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa            140

TABLE 107         REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION)        140

TABLE 108         REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET, BY OFFERING, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)        141

11          COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE       142

11.1       INTRODUCTION            142

11.2       KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020–2023     143

TABLE 109         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2020–2023  143

11.3       MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023             144

TABLE 110         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION              144

FIGURE 48         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023 145

11.4       REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023 146

FIGURE 49         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP THREE PLAYERS, 2019–2023       146

11.5       COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS        147

FIGURE 50         COMPANY VALUATION, 2023 (USD BILLION)     147

FIGURE 51         FINANCIAL METRICS, 2023         147

11.6       BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON          148

FIGURE 52         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON          148

11.7       COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023   149

11.7.1    STARS  149

11.7.2    EMERGING LEADERS    149

11.7.3    PERVASIVE PLAYERS     149

11.7.4    PARTICIPANTS 149

FIGURE 53         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (KEY PLAYERS), 2023    150

11.7.5    COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023      151

11.7.5.1 Company footprint            151

FIGURE 54         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT              151

11.7.5.2 Offering footprint 152

TABLE 111         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: OFFERING FOOTPRINT              152

11.7.5.3 Capacity footprint              152

TABLE 112         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: CAPACITY FOOTPRINT              152

11.7.5.4 Application footprint         153

TABLE 113         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT              153

11.7.5.5 Region footprint  154

TABLE 114         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT 154

11.8       COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: START-UPS/SMES, 2023         155

11.8.1    PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES       155

11.8.2    RESPONSIVE COMPANIES          155

11.8.3    DYNAMIC COMPANIES 155

11.8.4    STARTING BLOCKS       155

FIGURE 55         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX (START-UPS/SMES), 2023          156

11.8.5    COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: START-UPS/SMES, 2023           157

11.8.5.1 Detailed list of key start-ups/SMEs  157

TABLE 115         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY START-UPS/SMES          157

11.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key start-ups/SMEs      158

TABLE 116         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY START-UPS/SMES      158

11.9       COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS             159

11.9.1    PRODUCT LAUNCHES  159

TABLE 117         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, MARCH 2021–MARCH 2024         159

11.9.2    DEALS  160

TABLE 118         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: DEALS, MARCH 2021–MARCH 2024      160

11.9.3    EXPANSIONS    162

TABLE 119         DIGITAL KEY CABINET MARKET: EXPANSIONS, MARCH 2021–MARCH 2024     162

12          COMPANY PROFILES    163

12.1       INTRODUCTION            163

12.2       KEY PLAYERS   163

(Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, Recent Developments, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats)*

12.2.1    ASSA ABLOY     163

TABLE 120         ASSA ABLOY: COMPANY OVERVIEW      164

FIGURE 56         ASSA ABLOY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT      164

TABLE 121         ASSA ABLOY: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              165

TABLE 122         ASSA ABLOY: PRODUCT LAUNCHES      167

TABLE 123         ASSA ABLOY: DEALS     167

12.2.2    CARRIER            170

TABLE 124         CARRIER: COMPANY OVERVIEW            170

FIGURE 57         CARRIER: COMPANY SNAPSHOT            171

TABLE 125         CARRIER: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 171

12.2.3    GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED         173

TABLE 126         GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW  173

FIGURE 58         GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT  174

TABLE 127         GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED   174

TABLE 128         GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES  175

TABLE 129         GODREJ & BOYCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED: EXPANSIONS    175

12.2.4    KEYGUARD       177

TABLE 130         KEYGUARD: COMPANY OVERVIEW        177

TABLE 131         KEYGUARD: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              177

12.2.5    LANDWELL       179

TABLE 132         LANDWELL: COMPANY OVERVIEW        179

TABLE 133         LANDWELL: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              179

12.2.6    MORSE WATCHMANS   181

TABLE 134         MORSE WATCHMANS: COMPANY OVERVIEW    181

TABLE 135         MORSE WATCHMANS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          181

TABLE 136         MORSE WATCHMANS: DEALS   182

12.2.7    CREONE            183

TABLE 137         CREONE: COMPANY OVERVIEW             183

TABLE 138         CREONE: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 183

12.2.8    DEISTER ELECTRONIC GMBH   185

TABLE 139         DEISTER ELECTRONIC GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW   185

TABLE 140         DEISTER ELECTRONIC GMBH: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED   185

12.2.9    SECURIKEY       187

TABLE 141         SECURIKEY: COMPANY OVERVIEW        187

TABLE 142         SECURIKEY: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              187

12.2.10  LOTO SAFETY REQUISITES TRADING LLC         189

TABLE 143         LOTO SAFETY REQUISITES TRADING LLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW        189

TABLE 144         LOTO SAFETY REQUISITES TRADING LLC: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED   189

12.2.11  KEYTRACKER LTD.        190

TABLE 145         KEYTRACKER LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW        190

TABLE 146         KEYTRACKER LTD.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          190

12.2.12  KEY SYSTEMS, INC.        192

TABLE 147         KEY SYSTEMS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW        192

TABLE 148         KEY SYSTEMS, INC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          192

12.2.13  DIPLOMAT CO., LTD.    194

TABLE 149         DIPLOMAT CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW    194

TABLE 150         DIPLOMAT CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED          194

12.2.14  ECOS SYSTEMS 196

TABLE 151         ECOS SYSTEMS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 196

TABLE 152         ECOS SYSTEMS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              196

*Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, Recent Developments, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.

12.3       OTHER PLAYERS           198

12.3.1    NINGBO RAYONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.    198

12.3.2    LOXTOP            199

12.3.3    TORUS 200

12.3.4    UBERGARD       201

12.3.5    SAFEWELL        202

12.3.6    PRAVEEN INDUSTRIES 202

12.3.7    ROTTNER TRESOR GMBH          203

12.3.8    ALPINE INDUSTRIES     204

12.3.9    NAUTA CONNECT BV    204

12.3.10  PROWAY INDUSTRIES CO LTD. 205

12.3.11  PHOENIX SAFE CO. LTD.            206

13          APPENDIX         207

13.1       INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS   207

13.2       DISCUSSION GUIDE      208

13.3       KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL             210

13.4       CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS      212

13.5       RELATED REPORTS       212

13.6       AUTHOR DETAILS         213