出版：MarketsandMarkets（マーケッツアンドマーケッツ） 出版年月：2023年12月
PFAS Testing Market – Global Forecast to 2028
PFAS（有機フッ素系化合物）検査市場 : 消耗品の種類 (サンプル前処理、クロマトグラフィーカラム)、手法 (LC-MS-MS、GC/MS、NMR、ELISA)、分析対象物の種類 (PFOS、PFOA、PFNA、PFHxS)、用途 (飲料水、廃水、空気、土壌) – 2028年までの世界予測
PFAS Testing Market by Consumable Type (Sample Preparation, Chromatography Columns), Technique (LC-MS-MS, GC/MS, NMR, ELISA), Analyte Type (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS), Application (Drinking water, Wastewater, Air, Soil) – Global Forecast to 2028
| ページ数 | 248 |
| 図表数 | 196 |
| 種別 | 英文調査報告書 |
| 価格 |
Report Overview
The global PFAS testing market is projected to reach USD 121 million by 2028 from USD 63 million in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 14.0% during the forecast period. The rise in the adoption of analytical techniques in environmental and food testing is one of the major factors anticipated to boost market growth in the forecasting years. Additionally, the lack of proper approved laboratory methods for PFAS testing other than drinking water affects the growth of the PFAS testing market.
“The sample preparation products segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2023.”
Based on consumable type, the PFAS testing market is segmented into chromatography columns, sample preparation products, solvents, reagents, reference materials & analytical standards, membrane & syringe filters, and other products. The PFAS testing market is expected to be dominated by sample preparation products during the forecast period. The sample preparation products are expected to propel due to the rise in the widespread use of sample preparation methods for the detection and identification of low-level analytes in complex sample matrices.
“The technique segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2023.”
Based on technique, PFAS testing is segmented into liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, combustion chromatography, ELISA, and other techniques. LC-MS-MS is expected to dominate the PFAS testing market during the forecast period. With the combination of LC and the more recent tandem mass spectrometers, sample analysis has become simple and rapid with little or no sample preparation leading to the growth of this market segment.
“The PFOS segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2023.”
Based on the analyte type, the PFAS testing market is segmented into Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS), Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA), Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS), and other analytes. The PFOS segment is estimated to hold the largest market share of the PFAS testing market during the forecast period. PFAS chemical pollutants have been associated with numerous health hazards and rising disease prevalence leads to the increasing adoption of environmental pollution equipment for PFAS such as PFOS.
“The drinking water segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2023.”
The application market is segmented into wastewater, drinking water, ground & surface water, air, food & beverages, soil, serum/blood, cosmetics, and other applications. Drinking water accounted for the largest share of the global PFAS testing market in 2022. This can be attributed to the increasing incidence of water pollution-related disorders which, in turn, is increasing the demand for water quality testing.
“The market in the North America region is expected to hold a significant market share for PFAS testing in 2022.”
The PFAS testing market covers five key geographies—North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. In 2022, a significant market share for PFAS testing was held by the market in the North American region. The growing funding for environmental testing & cleanup drives, along with favorable regulations, growing awareness, and the availability of funding for environmental conservation led to the growth of the PFAS testing market in this region.
A breakdown of the primary participants referred to for this report is provided below:
• By Company Type: Tier 1–25%, Tier 2–30%, and Tier 3– 45%
• By Designation: Director-level–30%, C-level–23%, and Others–47%
• By Region: North America–40%, Europe–30%, Asia Pacific–22%, Latin America- 6%, MEA- 2%
The prominent players in the PFAS testing market are Merck KGaA (Germany), Agilent Technologies (US), LGC Limited (UK), Waters Corporation (US), Biotage (Sweden), AccuStandard, Inc. (US), PerkinElmer, Inc. (US), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US), Phenomenex (US), MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH & Co. KG (Germany), and Shimadzu Corporation (Japan), among others.
Research Coverage
This report studies the PFAS testing market based on technique, application, methodology, category, and region. It also covers the factors affecting market growth, analyzes the various opportunities and challenges in the market, and provides details of the competitive landscape for market leaders. Furthermore, the report analyzes micro markets with respect to their individual growth trends and forecasts the revenue of the market segments with respect to five main regions (and the respective countries in these regions).
Reasons to Buy the Report
The report will enable established firms as well as entrants/smaller firms to gauge the pulse of the market, which, in turn, would help them to garner a larger market share. Firms purchasing the report could use one or a combination of the below-mentioned strategies to strengthen their market presence.
This report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Analysis of key drivers (rising levels of environmental pollution worldwide, increasing efforts from public-private organizations to raise awareness on environment protection, privatization of environmental testing and treatment services, increasing funding activities on wastewater treatment projects/programs, greater regulatory emphasis on effective pollution monitoring and control, and government initiatives for pollution control and environmental testing), restraints (limited public awareness related to effective pollution monitoring strategies across developing markets, stringent storage requirements for PFAS testing reagents and analytical standards, and high capital investments for accurate and sensitive analytical testing), opportunities (regulatory agencies to control environmental pollution due to PFAS contamination and growth potential offered by emerging markets), and challenges (inadequate supporting infrastructure and the shortage of skilled professionals and lack of proper approved laboratory methods for PFAS testing other than drinking water) influencing the growth of the PFAS testing market
• Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios offered by the top players in the PFAS testing market
• Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming trends, R&D activities, and service developments in the PFAS testing market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information on lucrative emerging regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new services, growing geographies, and recent developments in the PFAS testing market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market segments, growth strategies, revenue analysis, and services of the leading market players.
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 33
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 33
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 33
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS OF STUDY 34
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 35
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 35
1.3.2 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 35
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 36
1.4 CURRENCY 36
1.5 MARKET STAKEHOLDERS 36
1.5.1 RECESSION IMPACT 37
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 38
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 38
FIGURE 1 RESEARCH DESIGN 38
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 39
2.1.1.1 Indicative list of secondary sources 40
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 40
FIGURE 2 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION 41
2.2 MARKET ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 41
FIGURE 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 42
2.2.1 REVENUE MAPPING-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION 43
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: REVENUE SHARE ANALYSIS (2022) 44
2.2.2 METHOD-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION 44
FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: GLOBAL PFAS TESTING MARKET 45
2.2.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH VALIDATION 45
2.3 RECESSION IMPACT 46
2.4 IMPACT OF RECESSION ON PFAS TESTING MARKET 46
2.5 DATA TRIANGULATION 47
FIGURE 6 DATA TRIANGULATION METHODOLOGY 47
2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 48
2.7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 48
2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT 49
TABLE 1 PFAS TESTING MARKET: RISK ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS 49
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 50
FIGURE 7 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2023 VS. 2028 (USD MILLION) 50
FIGURE 8 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2023 VS. 2028 (USD MILLION) 51
FIGURE 9 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2023 VS. 2028 (USD MILLION) 51
FIGURE 10 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS. 2028 (USD MILLION) 52
FIGURE 11 GEOGRAPHICAL SNAPSHOT OF PFAS TESTING MARKET 53
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 54
4.1 PFAS TESTING MARKET OVERVIEW 54
FIGURE 12 RISING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WORLDWIDE TO DRIVE MARKET 54
4.2 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND REGION, 2023 55
FIGURE 13 DRINKING WATER SEGMENT DOMINATES PFAS TESTING MARKET IN 2023 55
4.3 PFAS TESTING MARKET SHARE, BY CONSUMABLE, 2023 VS. 2028 56
FIGURE 14 SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 56
4.4 PFAS TESTING MARKET SHARE, BY TECHNIQUE, 2023 VS. 2028 56
FIGURE 15 LC-MS-MS SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET IN 2028 56
4.5 PFAS TESTING MARKET SHARE, BY METHOD, 2023 VS. 2028 57
FIGURE 16 EPA SEGMENT DOMINATES PFAS TESTING MARKET IN 2023 57
4.6 PFAS TESTING MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES 57
FIGURE 17 ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES TO REGISTER HIGHER GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD 57
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 58
5.1 INTRODUCTION 58
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 58
FIGURE 18 PFAS TESTING MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES 58
5.2.1 KEY MARKET DRIVERS 59
5.2.1.1 Rising environmental pollution worldwide 59
5.2.1.2 Increasing efforts from public & private organizations to raise awareness of environmental protection 59
5.2.1.3 Privatization of environmental testing and treatment services 61
5.2.1.4 Increasing funding for wastewater treatment projects/programs 61
5.2.1.5 Greater regulatory emphasis on effective pollution monitoring and control 63
5.2.1.6 Government initiatives for pollution control and environmental testing 64
TABLE 2 STRINGENT REGULATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING 64
5.2.2 KEY MARKET RESTRAINTS 65
5.2.2.1 Limited public awareness related to effective pollution monitoring strategies across developing markets 65
5.2.2.2 Stringent storage requirements for PFAS testing reagents and analytical standards 65
5.2.2.3 High capital investments for accurate and sensitive analytical testing 65
5.2.3 KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 66
5.2.3.1 Regulatory agencies to control environmental pollution due to PFAS contamination 66
5.2.3.2 Growth potential offered by emerging markets 66
TABLE 3 KEY INDUSTRY INITIATIVES IN EMERGING COUNTRIES 66
5.2.4 KEY MARKET CHALLENGES 67
5.2.4.1 Inadequate supporting infrastructure and shortage of skilled professionals 67
5.2.4.2 Lack of proper approved laboratory methods for PFAS testing 67
5.3 REGULATORY SCENARIO 68
5.3.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 68
TABLE 4 MAJOR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES GOVERNING PFAS TESTING MARKET 68
5.3.2 REGULATORY TRENDS 69
5.3.2.1 US 69
5.3.2.1.1 Air quality guidelines 69
5.3.2.1.2 Water quality guidelines 70
5.3.2.1.3 Food quality guidelines 71
5.3.2.1.4 CERCLA 72
5.3.2.1.5 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 72
5.3.2.1.6 Toxic Substances Control Act 72
5.3.2.1.7 EPCRA 73
5.3.2.2 Europe 73
5.3.2.2.1 Air quality guidelines 73
5.3.2.2.2 Drinking water legislation 73
5.3.2.2.3 Food legislation 74
TABLE 5 MAXIMUM LEVEL LIMIT ON PFAS IN SELECTED FOOD CATEGORY 74
5.3.2.2.4 EU cosmetics regulation 74
5.3.2.2.5 POP regulation 75
5.3.2.2.6 REACH restrictions 75
5.3.2.3 Asia Pacific 75
5.3.2.3.1 China 75
5.3.2.3.2 India 76
5.3.2.3.3 Vietnam 77
5.3.2.3.4 Other Asian Countries 77
TABLE 6 MAJOR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES GOVERNING ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING AND MONITORING MARKET 77
5.3.2.4 Rest of the World 77
5.4 PFAS TESTS VOLUME 78
TABLE 7 NUMBER OF PFAS TESTS PERFORMED, BY REGION (2022) 78
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 78
5.5.1 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 78
5.5.2 PROCUREMENT AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 78
5.5.3 MARKETING, SALES AND DISTRIBUTION, AND POST-SALES SERVICES 78
FIGURE 19 PFAS TESTING MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 79
5.6 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 79
5.6.1 PROMINENT COMPANIES 79
5.6.2 SMALL & MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 79
5.6.3 END USERS 79
FIGURE 20 PFAS TESTING MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 80
5.7 ECOSYSTEM COVERAGE 80
5.8 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 81
TABLE 8 PFAS TESTING MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 81
5.8.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 81
5.8.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 81
5.8.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 81
5.8.4 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 81
5.8.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 82
5.9 TRADE DATA ANALYSIS 82
TABLE 9 IMPORT DATA FOR PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLES – ANALYTICAL STANDARDS (HS CODE 293499), BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD) 82
TABLE 10 IMPORT DATA FOR PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLES – CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS (HS CODE 902790), BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD) 82
TABLE 11 EXPORT DATA FOR PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLE – ANALYTICAL STANDARDS (HS CODE 293499), BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD) 83
TABLE 12 EXPORT DATA FOR PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLE CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS (HS CODE 902790), BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD) 83
5.10 PATENT ANALYSIS 84
FIGURE 21 PATENT ANALYSIS FOR PFAS TESTING MARKET, JANUARY 2011–NOVEMBER 2023 84
5.11 PRICING ANALYSIS 85
5.11.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF PFAS TESTING PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER 85
TABLE 13 PRICING ANALYSIS OF PFAS TESTING PRODUCTS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023 (USD) 85
5.11.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION 85
FIGURE 22 PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLES PRICING ANALYSIS, BY REGION, 2023 (USD) 85
TABLE 14 PFAS TESTING PRICING ANALYSIS, BY REGION, 2023 (USD) 86
5.12 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 86
5.13 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS IN 2023–2024 87
TABLE 15 PFAS TESTING: LIST OF MAJOR CONFERENCES & EVENTS 87
5.14 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 88
5.14.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS 88
FIGURE 23 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS 88
TABLE 16 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR PRODUCT SEGMENTS (%) 88
5.14.2 KEY BUYING CRITERIA 89
FIGURE 24 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR PFAS TESTING CONSUMABLES 89
TABLE 17 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR CONSUMABLES 89
6 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE 90
6.1 INTRODUCTION 91
TABLE 18 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 91
6.2 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS-MS) 91
6.2.1 PREFERRED TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF PFAS COMPOUNDS 91
TABLE 19 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR LC-MS-MS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 92
6.3 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) 92
6.3.1 HIGH COST OF GC-MS INSTRUMENTS AND CONSUMABLES TO RESTRICT WIDESPREAD ADOPTION AMONG END USERS 92
TABLE 20 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR GC-MS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 93
6.4 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 93
6.4.1 HIGH SPEED AND ACCURACY TO DRIVE GROWTH 93
TABLE 21 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR NMR SPECTROSCOPY, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 94
6.5 MASS SPECTROMETRY 94
6.5.1 AUTOMATED TECHNIQUE WITH CAPABILITY TO STUDY MULTIPLE PFAS ANALYTES TO DRIVE MARKET 94
TABLE 22 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 95
6.6 COMBUSTION ION CHROMATOGRAPHY 95
6.6.1 LACK OF SKILLED ANALYSTS TO HAMPER MARKET GROWTH 95
TABLE 23 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR COMBUSTION ION CHROMATOGRAPHY, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 96
6.7 ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY 96
6.7.1 LOW COST OF SAMPLE PREPARATION AND EASE OF USE TO PROPEL ADOPTION 96
TABLE 24 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR ELISA, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 97
6.8 OTHER TECHNIQUES 97
TABLE 25 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER TECHNIQUES, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 97
7 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE 98
7.1 INTRODUCTION 99
TABLE 26 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 99
7.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS 99
TABLE 27 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 28 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 29 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 30 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 31 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 102
7.2.1 SPE COLUMNS AND CARTRIDGES 102
7.2.1.1 Rising number of environmental CTLs requiring sample preparation tools to support market growth 102
TABLE 32 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SPE COLUMNS AND CARTRIDGES, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 102
7.2.2 OTHER SAMPLE PREPARATION CONSUMABLES 103
TABLE 33 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER SAMPLING CONSUMABLES, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 103
7.3 CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS 103
7.3.1 HIGHER TEST VOLUMES AT GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE LABS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 103
TABLE 34 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 35 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 36 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 37 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMNS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 105
7.4 REFERENCE MATERIALS & ANALYTICAL STANDARDS 106
7.4.1 GREATER REGULATORY EMPHASIS ON EFFECTIVE POLLUTION MONITORING AND CONTROL TO DRIVE MARKET 106
TABLE 38 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REFERENCE MATERIALS & ANALYTICAL STANDARDS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 39 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REFERENCE MATERIALS & ANALYTICAL STANDARDS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 40 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REFERENCE MATERIALS & ANALYTICAL STANDARDS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 41 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REFERENCE MATERIALS & ANALYTICAL STANDARDS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 108
7.5 SOLVENTS 108
7.5.1 RISING GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 108
TABLE 42 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SOLVENTS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 43 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SOLVENTS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 44 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SOLVENTS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 45 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SOLVENTS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 110
7.6 MEMBRANE & SYRINGE FILTERS 111
7.6.1 BIOTAGE, AGILENT, MERCK, AND CYTIVA—KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN MARKET 111
TABLE 46 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR MEMBRANE & SYRINGE FILTERS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 47 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR MEMBRANE & SYRINGE FILTERS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 48 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR MEMBRANE & SYRINGE FILTERS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 49 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR MEMBRANE & SYRINGE FILTERS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 113
7.7 REAGENTS 113
7.7.1 STRINGENT REGULATIONS IN FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRY TO DRIVE GROWTH 113
TABLE 50 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REAGENTS, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 51 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REAGENTS, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 52 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REAGENTS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 115
TABLE 53 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR REAGENTS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 115
7.8 OTHER CONSUMABLES 116
TABLE 54 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER CONSUMABLES, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 55 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER CONSUMABLES, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 56 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER CONSUMABLES, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 57 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER CONSUMABLES, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 117
8 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD 118
8.1 INTRODUCTION 119
TABLE 58 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 119
8.2 EPA 119
8.2.1 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION FOR EXAMINING PFAS IN DRINKING WATER TO DRIVE MARKET 119
TABLE 59 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR EPA METHOD, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 120
8.3 DIN 120
8.3.1 RISING CONCERN FOR AIR AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL TO AID MARKET GROWTH 120
TABLE 60 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR DIN METHOD, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 121
8.4 ISO 121
8.4.1 RISING DISPOSAL LEVELS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER AND EFFLUENTS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 121
TABLE 61 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR ISO METHOD, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 121
8.5 ASTM 122
8.5.1 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS FOR CONTROLLING WATER POLLUTION TO PROPEL MARKET 122
TABLE 62 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR ASTM METHOD, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 122
8.6 OTHER METHODS 122
TABLE 63 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER METHODS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 123
9 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION 124
9.1 INTRODUCTION 125
TABLE 64 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 125
9.2 DRINKING WATER 125
9.2.1 LARGEST APPLICATION SEGMENT OF PFAS TESTING MARKET 125
TABLE 65 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR DRINKING WATER, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 126
9.3 WASTEWATER 126
9.3.1 NEED TO ENSURE WATER QUALITY AND HEALTH SAFETY TO DRIVE MARKET 126
TABLE 66 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR WASTEWATER, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 127
9.4 SOIL 127
9.4.1 RISING DEMAND FOR SOIL TESTING TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 127
TABLE 67 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SOIL, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 128
9.5 FOOD & BEVERAGES 128
9.5.1 DEMAND FOR ADVANCED ANALYTICAL METHODS TO DRIVE MARKET 128
TABLE 68 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR FOOD & BEVERAGES, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 129
9.6 AIR 129
9.6.1 INCREASED CONCERN OF PFAS CONTAMINATION IN INDOOR AIR QUALITY TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 129
TABLE 69 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR AIR, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 130
9.7 SERUM/BLOOD 130
9.7.1 EFFORTS BY REGULATORY AGENCIES TO MONITOR AND LIMIT LEVEL OF PFAS CONTAMINATION TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARKET PLAYERS 130
TABLE 70 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SERUM/BLOOD, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 131
9.8 OTHER APPLICATIONS 131
TABLE 71 PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 131
10 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY REGION 132
10.1 INTRODUCTION 133
TABLE 72 PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 133
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 134
FIGURE 25 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET SNAPSHOT 134
TABLE 73 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 74 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 75 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 76 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 77 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 78 NORTH AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 137
10.3 RECESSION IMPACT ON NORTH AMERICAN PFAS TESTING MARKET 137
10.3.1 US 138
10.3.1.1 Government initiatives and investment plans for environmental protection to drive market 138
TABLE 79 US: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 80 US: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 139
10.3.2 CANADA 139
10.3.2.1 Availability of government funding programs to drive market 139
TABLE 81 CANADA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 140
TABLE 82 CANADA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 141
10.4 EUROPE 141
TABLE 83 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 84 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 85 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 86 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 87 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 88 EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 144
10.4.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON EUROPEAN PFAS TESTING MARKET 144
10.4.2 GERMANY 145
10.4.2.1 Depleting air quality to drive demand for PFAS testing products 145
TABLE 89 GERMANY: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 90 GERMANY: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 146
10.4.3 UK 146
10.4.3.1 Stringent government regulations to support market growth 146
TABLE 91 UK: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 92 UK: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 147
10.4.4 FRANCE 148
10.4.4.1 Rising industrial contaminants and pollution in drinking water bodies to drive market 148
TABLE 93 FRANCE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 94 FRANCE: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 149
10.4.5 ITALY 149
10.4.5.1 High level of water pollution to support adoption 149
TABLE 95 ITALY: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 96 ITALY: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 150
10.4.6 SPAIN 151
10.4.6.1 Stringent food regulations to aid market growth 151
TABLE 97 SPAIN: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 98 SPAIN: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 152
10.4.7 REST OF EUROPE 152
TABLE 99 REST OF EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 100 REST OF EUROPE: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 153
10.5 ASIA PACIFIC 154
FIGURE 26 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET SNAPSHOT 155
TABLE 101 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 102 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 103 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 157
TABLE 104 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 157
TABLE 105 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 106 ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 158
10.5.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON ASIA PACIFIC PFAS TESTING MARKET 158
10.5.2 JAPAN 159
10.5.2.1 Rising awareness of analytical technologies to support market growth 159
TABLE 107 JAPAN: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 108 JAPAN: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 160
10.5.3 CHINA 160
10.5.3.1 Public emphasis on water & air quality testing to aid market growth 160
TABLE 109 CHINA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 110 CHINA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 162
10.5.4 INDIA 162
10.5.4.1 Increasing focus on soil testing and growing food security concerns to drive market 162
TABLE 111 INDIA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 163
TABLE 112 INDIA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 163
10.5.5 AUSTRALIA 163
10.5.5.1 Government regulations to support adoption and development of analytical technologies 163
TABLE 113 AUSTRALIA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 164
TABLE 114 AUSTRALIA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 164
10.5.6 SOUTH KOREA 165
10.5.6.1 Growing awareness and applications of PFAS testing technologies to drive market 165
TABLE 115 SOUTH KOREA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 116 SOUTH KOREA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 166
10.5.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 166
TABLE 117 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 118 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 167
10.6 LATIN AMERICA 167
TABLE 119 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 168
TABLE 120 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 168
TABLE 121 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 169
TABLE 122 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 169
TABLE 123 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 124 LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 170
10.6.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON LATIN AMERICA PFAS TESTING MARKET 170
10.6.2 BRAZIL 171
10.6.2.1 Lack of proper guidelines and absence of stringent PFAS regulations to restrict market growth 171
TABLE 125 BRAZIL: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 171
TABLE 126 BRAZIL: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 172
10.6.3 MEXICO 172
10.6.3.1 Slow adoption of advanced technologies to hinder market growth 172
TABLE 127 MEXICO: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 173
TABLE 128 MEXICO: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 173
10.6.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA 173
TABLE 129 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 130 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 175
10.7 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 175
TABLE 131 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 132 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNIQUE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 133 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 177
TABLE 134 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 177
TABLE 135 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY METHOD, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 178
TABLE 136 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 178
10.7.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MIDDLE EAST & AFRICAN PFAS TESTING MARKET 178
10.7.2 GCC COUNTRIES 179
10.7.2.1 Lack of regulations for PFAS substances to restrict market growth 179
TABLE 137 GCC COUNTRIES: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 179
TABLE 138 GCC COUNTRIES: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 180
10.7.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 180
TABLE 139 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET, BY CONSUMABLE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 181
TABLE 140 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PFAS TESTING MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION PRODUCTS, BY TYPE, 2021–2028 (USD MILLION) 181
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 182
11.1 INTRODUCTION 182
11.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS 182
FIGURE 27 KEY DEVELOPMENTS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN PFAS TESTING MARKET, 2020–2023 183
11.3 REVENUE SHARE ANALYSIS 184
FIGURE 28 REVENUE SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2020–2022 (USD BILLION) 184
11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 185
FIGURE 29 PFAS TESTING MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2022 185
TABLE 141 DEGREE OF COMPETITION: PFAS TESTING MARKET 185
11.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX 186
11.5.1 STARS 186
11.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 186
11.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 187
11.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 187
FIGURE 30 PFAS TESTING MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 187
11.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 188
TABLE 142 PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 188
TABLE 143 APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 189
TABLE 144 REGIONAL FOOTPRINT 190
11.6 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX 191
11.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 191
11.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 191
11.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 191
11.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 191
FIGURE 31 PFAS TESTING MARKET: STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 192
11.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 193
TABLE 145 PFAS TESTING MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 193
11.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS 193
11.7.1 KEY PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2020–2023 193
11.7.2 KEY DEALS, 2020–2023 194
11.7.3 OTHER KEY DEVELOPMENTS, 2020–2023 195
12 COMPANY PROFILES 196
(Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats))*
12.1 KEY PLAYERS 196
12.1.1 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 196
TABLE 146 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 196
FIGURE 32 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 197
12.1.2 MERCK KGAA 200
TABLE 147 MERCK KGAA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
FIGURE 33 MERCK KGAA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 201
12.1.3 WATERS CORPORATION 205
TABLE 148 WATERS CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 205
FIGURE 34 WATERS CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 206
12.1.4 LGC LIMITED 209
TABLE 149 LGC LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 209
FIGURE 35 LGC LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 210
12.1.5 BIOTAGE 214
TABLE 150 BIOTAGE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 214
FIGURE 36 BIOTAGE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 215
12.1.6 ACCUSTANDARD INC. 217
TABLE 151 ACCUSTANDARD, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 217
12.1.7 PERKINELMER INC. 219
TABLE 152 PERKINELMER INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 219
FIGURE 37 PERKINELMER INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 220
12.1.8 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. 223
TABLE 153 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 223
FIGURE 38 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 224
12.1.9 PHENOMENEX INC. 226
TABLE 154 PHENOMENEX INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 226
FIGURE 39 DANAHER CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 227
12.1.10 MACHEREY-NAGEL GMBH & CO. KG 229
TABLE 155 MACHEREY-NAGEL GMBH & CO. KG: COMPANY OVERVIEW 229
12.1.11 SHIMADZU CORPORATION 231
TABLE 156 SHIMADZU CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 231
FIGURE 40 SHIMADZU CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2023) 232
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS 234
12.2.1 WELLINGTON LABORATORIES INC. 234
12.2.2 CAMBRIDGE ISOTOPE LABORATORIES, INC. 235
12.2.3 CHIRON AS 236
12.2.4 RESTEK CORPORATION 237
12.2.5 SCIEX 238
12.2.6 LCTECH 239
12.2.7 ABSOLUTE STANDARDS INC. 240
12.2.8 CYTIVA 241
12.2.9 AVANTOR, INC. 242
12.2.10 PALL CORPORATION 243
*Details on Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats) might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
13 APPENDIX 244
13.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 244
13.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 249
13.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 251
13.4 RELATED REPORTS 252
13.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 253