出版：MarketsandMarkets（マーケッツアンドマーケッツ） 出版年月：2024年3月
Autonomous Train Market – Global Forecast To 2030
自動運転列車市場 : 自動化のレベル (GOAI、GOA2、GOA3、GOA4)、テクノロジー (CBTC、ERTMS、ATC、PTC)、用途、コンポーネント、列車の種類 (地下鉄、ライトレール、新幹線/高速鉄道)、線路の長さ、GOA4 システムと地域別- 2030年までの世界予測
Autonomous Train Market by Level of Automation (GOAI, GOA2, GOA3, GOA4), Technology (CBTC, ERTMS, ATC, PTC), Application, Component, Train Type (Metro, Light Rail, Bullet Train/HSR), Track Length, GOA 4 Systems and Region – Global Forecast to 2030
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Report Overview
The global autonomous train market is estimated at USD 13.6 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2024 to 2030, to reach USD 18.9 billion by 2030.
世界の自動運転列車市場は、2024 年に 136 億米ドルと推定され、2024 年から 2030 年にかけて 5.7% の CAGR で成長し、2030 年までに 189 億米ドルに達すると予測されています。
Growing urbanization and increasing demand for efficient public transportation systems drive the adoption of autonomous trains as a solution for mass transit in urban areas. These trains also offer improved passenger comfort. Developed regions, including Europe and North America, are upgrading the security of their railroads by installing new and sophisticated systems in place of outdated ones and retrofitting existing trains. For instance, in 2021 Alstom SA was given a contract by the Baden-Wuerttemberg State Institute for Rail Vehicles (SFBW) in 2021 to retrofit 118 regional trains with the European Train Control System (ETCS) Automatic Train Operation (ATO) digital signaling technology. The investment required for this project is USD 154 million. Autonomous trains are made safer by technologies like Positive Train Control (PTC), Communication/Computer-based Train Control (CBTC), Automated Train Control (ATC), and the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) which had boost autonomous train a safer mode of transportation. For instance, In March 2023, Parallel Systems (US) developed a distinctive train control system that is interoperable with the current PTC (positive train control) systems, which are meant to prevent overspeed derailments and train-to-train collisions. Government investment in upgrading and expanding railway infrastructure, like sensors and communication networks, which are essential for autonomous train operations drive the autonomous train market as a safe, and efficient mode of transportation.
“Passenger train segment is estimated to lead the market during the forecast period.”
The passenger train segment is estimated to account for the largest market size of autonomous train market by application. A passenger train consist of unpowered passenger coaches or carriages that are driven by one or more locomotives. Passenger trains include multiple variants of trains used in urban transit as well as trains for intercity commutes. Trains used in urban transit include metros, monorails, and trams. Metro rail, also known as Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS), is powered by electricity and requires one-fifth of energy per commutator km compared to road-based transport systems. A tram is an urban public transport that uses rolling stock such as tramways. It operates at a higher capacity and on an exclusive right-of-way. Intercity trains are the ones with limited stops to provide fast, long-distance travel. These trains connect cities and link major population hubs in the fastest time possible.
Autonomous passenger train offers various benefits including better safety, more operational effectiveness, enhanced passenger experience, and a dependable, efficient form of transportation with shorter journey times and fewer delays. Additionally, a smooth and comfortable travel is ensured by the integration of a railroad management system, which makes possible a number of features including predictive maintenance, improved scheduling, and real-time train condition monitoring. With the growing demand for efficient and sustainable transportation train industry is expected to witness the further growth in the autonomous passenger train market.
“Middle East and Africa to be the fastest growing region in the autonomous train market globally.”
The Middle East and Africa region possesses high growth opportunities for railway transportation. Dubai has the most progressive public transportation system in the world, as it comprises the world’s longest and most fully automated metro, along with smart cards and Net Operating Income (NOI) cards for all public transport, such as metros, buses, and marine transport.
Rapid urbanization has caused the population to migrate to cities and towns. These trends have led to a rise in problems of traffic congestion and high traffic volumes. In January 2024, the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) signed two memorandum of understanding (MoU) with international companies during the Dubai International Project Management Forum (DIPMF), which includes a solar-powered rail bus system and a lightweight, driverless, smart train that resembles a “platoon of pods.”
Population growth in the Middle East has urged the governments of the countries in the region to develop all sectors of the economy, especially transportation. Government regulations and investments in rail technology are driving the autonomous train market in the Middle East & Africa. In January 2022, Hitachi Ltd. awarded a contract from Saudi Arabia to design and develop and maintain the metro line in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The deal is valued at USD 82.29 million, and the rail infrastructure includes four elevated lines that stretch for 11.5 km and pass through 14 stations. Thus, Government investment from Middle East and Africa, and strategic partnership is expected to drive the autonomous train market.
In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market.
• By Company Type: OEMs – 57%, Tier I – 29%, and Tier II – 14%
• By Designation: CXOs – 54%, Directors – 32%, and Others – 14%
• By Region: North America – 14%, Europe – 12%, Asia Pacific – 57%, Rest of the World- 10% and Middle East- 7%
Alstom SA (France), Siemens AG (Germany), Hitachi Ltd (Japan), Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (Wabtec) (US), and Thales Group (France) are the leading players operating in the autonomous train market.
Research Coverage:
The market study covers the autonomous train market across segments. It aims at estimating the market size and future growth potential of this market across different segments such as by Level of Automation, Train Type, Technology, Application, Component, GoA 4 Systems and Region.
The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key players in the market, along with their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report:
• The report will help market leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximations of revenue and volume numbers for the overall autonomous train market and its subsegments.
• Analysis of key drivers (Increased operational safety benefits, Increased budget allocations along with upcoming rail projects, Low energy consumption and operational costs of autonomous trains), restraints (Lack of technology infrastructure and interoperability in emerging economies, High initial investment, Slow growth rate and inadequate infrastructure spending in emerging economies ), challenges (Inability of DTO systems to carry out required protection functions during emergency situations and lack of human intervention), and opportunities (Transforming mining logistics with autonomous trains), influencing the growth of autonomous train market.
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, investments, and new product & service launches in the autonomous train market. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies.
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analysis the autonomous train market across varied regions.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the autonomous train market.
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market ranking, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players like Alstom SA (France), Siemens AG (Germany), Hitachi Ltd. (Japan), Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation (Wabtec) (US), and Thales Group (France).
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 27
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 27
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 28
1.2.1 MARKET DEFINITION, BY TRAIN TYPE 28
1.2.2 MARKET DEFINITION, BY GRADE OF AUTOMATION (GOA) 28
1.2.3 MARKET DEFINITION, BY TECHNOLOGY 29
1.3 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 29
1.4 STUDY SCOPE 30
1.4.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION 30
1.4.2 REGIONS COVERED 30
1.4.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 31
1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 31
1.6 UNIT CONSIDERED 31
TABLE 1 CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES 31
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS 32
1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 32
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 34
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 34
FIGURE 1 RESEARCH DESIGN 35
FIGURE 2 RESEARCH PROCESS FLOW 36
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 36
2.1.1.1 Secondary sources 37
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 37
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 38
TABLE 2 LIST OF PARTICIPATING COMPANIES FOR PRIMARY RESEARCH 38
2.1.2.1 Key industry insights 39
FIGURE 3 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 39
2.1.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA COLLECTION METHODS 40
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 40
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 41
FIGURE 4 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 41
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 41
FIGURE 5 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 41
FIGURE 6 DEMAND-SIDE APPROACH 42
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 43
FIGURE 7 DATA TRIANGULATION 43
2.4 FACTOR ANALYSIS 44
2.4.1 FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR MARKET SIZING: DEMAND AND SUPPLY SIDES 44
2.5 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 45
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 45
2.7 RECESSION IMPACT 46
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 47
FIGURE 8 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET OUTLOOK 47
FIGURE 9 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2024 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 48
FIGURE 10 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 49
FIGURE 11 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 50
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 51
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET 51
FIGURE 12 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND INCREASING GOVERNMENT INVESTMENTS TO DRIVE MARKET 51
4.2 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION 52
FIGURE 13 ASIA PACIFIC TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2024 52
4.3 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 52
FIGURE 14 CBTC TO GAIN LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 52
4.4 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY APPLICATION 53
FIGURE 15 PASSENGER TRAIN TO BE LARGER APPLICATION SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD 53
4.5 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE 53
FIGURE 16 METRO/MONORAIL SEGMENT TO LEAD AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 53
4.6 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA 54
FIGURE 17 GOA2 TO BE LARGEST SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD 54
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 55
5.1 INTRODUCTION 55
TABLE 3 IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS 56
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 57
FIGURE 18 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES 57
5.2.1 DRIVERS 57
5.2.1.1 Increased safety operational benefits 57
TABLE 4 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR BENEFITS 58
5.2.1.2 Increased budget allocations along with upcoming rail projects 59
TABLE 5 INVESTMENT FOR AMTRAK PROJECT BY US GOVERNMENT, 2024 59
TABLE 6 MAJOR RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS IN ASIA PACIFIC 60
TABLE 7 PLANNED LIGHT RAIL PROJECTS IN ASIA PACIFIC 61
TABLE 8 MAJOR LIGHT RAIL PROJECTS IN ASIA PACIFIC 62
TABLE 9 PROPOSED HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS IN EUROPE 62
TABLE 10 MAJOR RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS IN EUROPE 62
5.2.1.3 Low energy consumption and operational costs of autonomous trains 63
FIGURE 19 COMPARISON OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS PER PASSENGER KILOMETER 63
5.2.1.4 Growing need for safety and compliance in rail transit 63
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL HIGH-SPEED NETWORK, 2022 64
5.2.1.5 Growing demand for public transport 64
FIGURE 21 RAIL PASSENGER TRANSPORT FOR MAIN UNDERTAKING EU, 2015–2022 65
TABLE 11 DEMAND FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL SEGMENTED BY DISTANCE IN SPAIN 65
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 66
5.2.2.1 Lack of technology infrastructure and interoperability in emerging economies 66
5.2.2.2 Slow growth rate and inadequate infrastructure spending in emerging economies 66
TABLE 12 KEY INDICATORS FOR INVESTMENTS IN RAIL INDUSTRY 67
5.2.2.3 High initial investment 68
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 68
5.2.3.1 Transforming mining logistics with autonomous trains 68
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 68
5.2.4.1 Inability of DTO systems to carry out required protection functions during emergency situations and lack of human intervention 68
5.2.4.2 High capital cost of automation, threat of cyberattacks, and lack of comprehensive infrastructure 69
FIGURE 22 AUTONOMOUS RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE 69
TABLE 13 RAIL COMMUTER DATA BREACH INCIDENTS (2020–2023) 69
5.3 PRICING ANALYSIS 70
TABLE 14 PRICING ANALYSIS FOR AUTONOMOUS TRAIN SYSTEM SOLUTIONS 70
5.4 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 71
FIGURE 23 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 71
TABLE 15 ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM 72
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 73
FIGURE 24 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 73
5.6 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 74
5.6.1 CISCO HELPED DEFINE META-MODEL (FRAMEWORK) 74
5.6.2 AUTOHAUL BY HITACHI RAIL AND RIO TINTO 75
5.6.3 BGAN BY INMARSAT 75
5.6.4 ALSTOM PARTNERED WITH SNC-LAVALIN FOR REM PROJECT IN CANADA 76
5.6.5 BANE NOR (NORWAY) SELECTED THALES TO PROVIDE NEXT-GENERATION NATION-WIDE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 76
5.6.6 INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE SYSTEM BY HUAWEI 77
5.7 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 78
FIGURE 25 INVESTMENT SCENARIO, 2020–2023 78
TABLE 16 LIST OF FUNDING IN 2021–2023 78
5.8 PATENT ANALYSIS 79
5.8.1 INTRODUCTION 79
FIGURE 26 PUBLICATION TRENDS, 2019–2023 79
5.8.2 TOP PATENT APPLICANTS 80
FIGURE 27 TOP PATENT APPLICANTS FOR DRIVERLESS TRAINS, 2019–2023 80
TABLE 17 PATENTS RELATED TO AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET 80
5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 82
5.9.1 WILDLIFE DETECTION SYSTEM 82
5.9.2 BIOMETRIC TOKEN SYSTEM 83
5.9.3 CLOUD COMPUTING IN ROLLING STOCK 83
5.9.4 INTERNET OF THINGS IN RAILWAYS 83
5.9.5 EUROPE’S RAIL FLAGSHIP PROJECTS 84
5.9.5.1 Flagship Project 1: MOTIONAL 84
5.9.5.2 Flagship Project 2: R2DATO 84
5.9.5.3 Flagship Project 3: IAM4RAIL 84
5.9.5.4 Flagship Project 4: RAIL4EARTH 84
5.9.5.5 Flagship Project 5: TRANS4M-R 85
5.9.5.6 Flagship Project 6: FUTURE 85
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS 85
5.10.1 IMPORT DATA 85
TABLE 18 US: IMPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 85
TABLE 19 MEXICO: IMPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 85
TABLE 20 GERMANY: IMPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 86
TABLE 21 FRANCE: IMPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 86
TABLE 22 UK: IMPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 86
5.10.2 EXPORT DATA 87
TABLE 23 GERMANY: EXPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 87
TABLE 24 US: EXPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 87
TABLE 25 CHINA: EXPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 87
TABLE 26 CZECH REPUBLIC: EXPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 88
TABLE 27 AUSTRIA: EXPORT, BY COUNTRY (%) 88
5.11 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 88
5.11.1 EUROPEAN NETWORK AND INFORMATION SECURITY AGENCY (ENISA) 88
TABLE 28 EUROPEAN NETWORK AND INFORMATION SECURITY AGENCY STANDARDS 88
5.11.2 GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION (GDPR) 89
5.11.3 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RAILWAYS (UIC) 90
5.11.4 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 90
TABLE 29 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 90
TABLE 30 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 91
TABLE 31 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 92
TABLE 32 REST OF THE WORLD: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 93
5.12 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 93
TABLE 33 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025 93
5.13 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 94
FIGURE 28 NEW REVENUE SOURCES IN AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET 94
5.14 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 95
5.14.1 BUYING CRITERIA 95
FIGURE 29 KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION 95
TABLE 34 KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION 97
5.14.2 KEY STAKEHOLDERS 97
5.14.2.1 Influence of stakeholders on buying process of autonomous trains 97
5.14.3 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 98
FIGURE 30 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION 98
TABLE 35 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION 98
TABLE 36 INSTRUMENTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL FOR AUTONOMOUS TRAIN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 99
6 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA4 SYSTEM 100
6.1 INTRODUCTION 100
6.2 ASIA PACIFIC 100
TABLE 37 CHINA: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 100
TABLE 38 INDIA: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 102
TABLE 39 SOUTH KOREA: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 102
6.3 EUROPE 103
TABLE 40 FRANCE: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 103
TABLE 41 ITALY: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 103
6.4 NORTH AMERICA 104
TABLE 42 CANADA: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 104
TABLE 43 US: GOA4 TRAIN SYSTEMS 104
7 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA 105
7.1 INTRODUCTION 106
FIGURE 31 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 106
TABLE 44 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 107
TABLE 45 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 107
7.2 GOA1 107
7.2.1 HIGH ADOPTION OF METRO/MONORAIL TO DRIVE GROWTH 107
TABLE 46 GOA1: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 108
TABLE 47 GOA1: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 108
7.3 GOA2 108
7.3.1 NEED FOR IMPROVED OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE GROWTH 108
TABLE 48 GOA2: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 108
TABLE 49 GOA2: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 109
7.4 GOA3 109
7.4.1 ADVANCED SOLUTIONS BY KEY MARKET PLAYERS SUPPORTING GOA3 TO DRIVE GROWTH 109
TABLE 50 GOA3: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 109
TABLE 51 GOA3: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 109
7.5 GOA4 110
7.5.1 REDUCTION IN REACTION DELAYS AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION TO DRIVE GROWTH 110
TABLE 52 GOA4: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 110
TABLE 53 GOA4: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 110
7.6 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 111
8 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE 112
8.1 INTRODUCTION 113
FIGURE 32 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 113
TABLE 54 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 114
TABLE 55 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 114
TABLE 56 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 57 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 115
8.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 115
TABLE 58 MAJOR RAPID TRANSIT PROJECTS IN ASIA PACIFIC 115
TABLE 59 PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL PROJECTS IN ASIA PACIFIC 116
8.2 METRO/MONORAIL 116
8.2.1 HIGH-CAPACITY CARRIERS AND LESS TRAVEL DURATION TO DRIVE GROWTH 116
TABLE 60 METRO/MONORAIL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 117
TABLE 61 METRO/MONORAIL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 117
8.3 LIGHT RAIL 117
8.3.1 LOW OPERATING COSTS TO DRIVE GROWTH 117
TABLE 62 LIGHT RAIL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 118
TABLE 63 LIGHT RAIL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 118
8.4 HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN 119
8.4.1 UPCOMING HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN PROJECTS TO DRIVE GROWTH 119
TABLE 64 HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 119
TABLE 65 HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 119
8.5 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 120
9 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 121
9.1 INTRODUCTION 122
FIGURE 33 CBTC SEGMENT TO LEAD AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET FROM 2024 TO 2030 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 66 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 67 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 123
9.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 124
TABLE 68 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN OFFERINGS BASED ON TECHNOLOGY 124
9.2 POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL (PTC) 124
9.2.1 IMPROVING RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE TO DRIVE GROWTH 124
TABLE 69 POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 70 POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 125
9.3 COMMUNICATIONS-BASED TRAIN CONTROL (CBTC) 126
9.3.1 INCREASING ADOPTION OF MONORAILS AND METROS TO DRIVE GROWTH 126
TABLE 71 COMMUNICATIONS-BASED TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 72 COMMUNICATIONS-BASED TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 127
9.4 AUTOMATED TRAIN CONTROL (ATC) 127
9.4.1 ABILITY TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC FLOW AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION TO DRIVE GROWTH 127
TABLE 73 AUTOMATED TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 74 AUTOMATED TRAIN CONTROL: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 128
9.5 EUROPEAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ERTMS) 128
9.5.1 EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA TO DRIVE GROWTH 128
TABLE 75 EUROPEAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 76 EUROPEAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 129
9.6 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 129
10 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY APPLICATION 130
10.1 INTRODUCTION 131
10.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 131
TABLE 77 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN OFFERINGS 131
10.2 PASSENGER TRAIN 132
10.2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF RAIN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR HIGHER SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE GROWTH 132
TABLE 78 PASSENGER TRAIN: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 132
TABLE 79 PASSENGER TRAIN: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 132
TABLE 80 METRO/MONORAIL (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019-2023 (UNITS) 133
TABLE 81 METRO/MONORAIL (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 133
TABLE 82 LIGHT RAIL (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 133
TABLE 83 LIGHT RAIL (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 134
TABLE 84 HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 134
TABLE 85 HIGH-SPEED RAIL/BULLET TRAIN (PASSENGER TRAIN): AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY GOA, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 134
10.3 FREIGHT TRAIN 135
10.3.1 NEED FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORT OF COMMODITIES TO DRIVE GROWTH 135
10.4 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 135
11 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY COMPONENT 136
11.1 INTRODUCTION 137
TABLE 86 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 87 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 138
11.2 TACHOMETER 138
11.2.1 ABILITY TO MAINTAIN SAFE SPEED BETWEEN TWO TRAINS AND PREVENT POSSIBILITY OF ACCIDENTS TO DRIVE GROWTH 138
TABLE 88 TACHOMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 89 TACHOMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 139
11.3 DOPPLER 139
11.3.1 REAL-TIME PROCESSING ENHANCING TRAIN SAFETY TO DRIVE GROWTH 139
TABLE 90 DOPPLER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 140
TABLE 91 DOPPLER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 140
11.4 ACCELEROMETER 140
11.4.1 CONSTANT ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT TO DRIVE GROWTH 140
TABLE 92 ACCELEROMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 93 ACCELEROMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 141
11.5 CAMERA 142
11.5.1 ABILITY TO PROVIDE CLEAR FOOTAGE OF PANTOGRAPH TO DRIVE GROWTH 142
TABLE 94 CAMERA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 95 CAMERA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 142
11.6 ANTENNA 143
11.6.1 INTRODUCTION OF INTERNET CONNECTIVITY FOR PASSENGER WI-FI TO DRIVE GROWTH 143
TABLE 96 ANTENNA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 97 ANTENNA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 143
11.7 RADIO SET 144
11.7.1 NEED FOR SEAMLESS RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TO DRIVE GROWTH 144
TABLE 98 RADIO SET: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 99 RADIO SET: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 144
11.8 ODOMETER 145
11.8.1 CRITICAL ROLE IN CALCULATING SPEED AND ASCERTAINING POSITION OF TRAIN TO DRIVE GROWTH 145
TABLE 100 ODOMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 101 ODOMETER: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 145
11.9 RADAR 146
11.9.1 ABILITY TO DETECT OBJECTS WITHIN DEFINED RANGE TO DRIVE GROWTH 146
TABLE 102 RADAR: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 103 RADAR: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 146
11.10 LIDAR 147
11.10.1 CAPABILITY OF CAPTURING MILLIONS OF PRECISE DISTANCE MEASUREMENT POINTS EVERY SECOND TO DRIVE GROWTH 147
TABLE 104 LIDAR: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 105 LIDAR: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (USD MILLION) 147
11.11 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 148
12 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION 149
12.1 INTRODUCTION 150
FIGURE 34 ASIA PACIFIC TO BE FASTEST-GROWING AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD (UNITS) 151
TABLE 106 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 151
TABLE 107 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 151
12.2 ASIA PACIFIC 152
12.2.1 RECESSION IMPACT 153
FIGURE 35 ASIA PACIFIC: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET SNAPSHOT 154
TABLE 108 ASIA PACIFIC: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019-2023 (UNITS) 154
TABLE 109 ASIA PACIFIC: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 155
12.2.2 CHINA 155
12.2.2.1 High government investments in railway infrastructure to drive growth 155
12.2.3 INDIA 156
12.2.3.1 Government initiatives for smart cities to drive growth 156
12.2.4 JAPAN 156
12.2.4.1 Presence of advanced rail infrastructure to drive growth 156
12.2.5 SOUTH KOREA 157
12.2.5.1 Significant scope for development of rail infrastructure to drive growth 157
12.3 EUROPE 157
12.3.1 RECESSION IMPACT 157
FIGURE 36 EUROPE: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE (UNITS) 158
TABLE 110 EUROPE: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 158
TABLE 111 EUROPE: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 159
12.3.2 UK 159
12.3.2.1 Need to improve efficiency of existing railway infrastructure to drive growth 159
12.3.3 GERMANY 160
12.3.3.1 Growing adoption of IoT and analytics to drive growth 160
12.3.4 FRANCE 160
12.3.4.1 High investments by railway operators to drive growth 160
12.4 NORTH AMERICA 160
12.4.1 RECESSION IMPACT 161
FIGURE 37 NORTH AMERICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET SNAPSHOT 162
TABLE 112 NORTH AMERICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 162
TABLE 113 NORTH AMERICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 163
12.4.2 US 163
12.4.2.1 Heavy investment in rail infrastructure to drive growth 163
12.4.3 CANADA 164
12.4.3.1 Increasing number of passengers and growing freight traffic to drive growth 164
12.4.4 MEXICO 164
12.4.4.1 Growing need to automate public transportation processes to drive growth 164
12.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 164
12.5.1 RECESSION IMPACT 165
FIGURE 38 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET SNAPSHOT 166
TABLE 114 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 166
TABLE 115 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 167
12.5.2 UAE 167
12.5.2.1 Improving rail infrastructure to drive growth 167
12.5.3 SOUTH AFRICA 167
12.5.3.1 Increasing demand for transportation services to match trade requirements to drive growth 167
12.6 REST OF THE WORLD (ROW) 168
12.6.1 RECESSION IMPACT 168
TABLE 116 ROW: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2019–2023 (UNITS) 168
TABLE 117 ROW: AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, BY TRAIN TYPE, 2024–2030 (UNITS) 168
12.6.2 BRAZIL 169
12.6.2.1 High scope for development of rai infrastructure to drive growth 169
12.6.3 IRAN 169
12.6.3.1 Expansion of rail network to drive growth 169
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 170
13.1 OVERVIEW 170
13.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP LISTED/PUBLIC PLAYERS 170
FIGURE 39 TOP PUBLIC/LISTED PLAYERS DOMINATING AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, 2020 VS. 2022 170
13.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 171
FIGURE 40 MARKET SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS, 2022 171
13.3.1 ALSTOM SA 172
13.3.2 SIEMENS 172
13.3.3 THALES GROUP 172
13.3.4 HITACHI LTD. 172
13.3.5 WABTEC CORPORATION 172
13.4 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 173
FIGURE 41 COMPANY VALUATION, 2023 (USD BILLION) 173
FIGURE 42 COMPANY FINANCIAL METRICS, 2023 173
13.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX 174
13.5.1 STARS 174
13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 174
13.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 174
13.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 174
FIGURE 43 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2023 175
13.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 176
TABLE 118 COMPANY FOOTPRINT, 2023 176
TABLE 119 COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT, 2023 176
TABLE 120 COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT, 2023 177
13.6 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX 177
13.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 177
13.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 177
13.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 177
13.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 178
FIGURE 44 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX, 2023 178
13.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 179
TABLE 121 LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 179
13.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 180
13.7.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 180
TABLE 122 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2019–2023 180
13.7.2 DEALS 184
TABLE 123 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET: DEALS, 2019–2023 184
TABLE 124 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET: EXPANSIONS, 2019–2023 188
TABLE 125 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2019–2023 189
14 COMPANY PROFILES 195
(Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, MnM View Right to win, Strategic choices made, Weaknesses and competitive threats) *
14.1 KEY PLAYERS 195
14.1.1 ALSTOM SA 195
TABLE 126 ALSTOM SA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 195
FIGURE 45 ALSTOM SA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 196
FIGURE 46 ALSTOM SA: NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES 196
TABLE 127 ALSTOM SA: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 197
TABLE 128 ALSTOM SA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 197
TABLE 129 ALSTOM SA: DEALS 198
TABLE 130 ALSTOM SA: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 199
14.1.2 SIEMENS 203
TABLE 131 SIEMENS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 203
FIGURE 47 SIEMENS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 204
TABLE 132 SIEMENS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 204
TABLE 133 SIEMENS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 205
TABLE 134 SIEMENS: DEALS 206
TABLE 135 SIEMENS: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 207
14.1.3 HITACHI LTD. 209
TABLE 136 HITACHI LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 209
FIGURE 48 HITACHI LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 210
TABLE 137 HITACHI LTD.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 210
TABLE 138 HITACHI LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 211
TABLE 139 HITACHI LTD.: DEALS 212
TABLE 140 HITACHI LTD.: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 213
14.1.4 WABTEC CORPORATION 215
TABLE 141 WABTEC CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 215
FIGURE 49 WABTEC CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 216
FIGURE 50 WABTEC CORPORATION: FUTURE OUTLOOK 217
TABLE 142 WABTEC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 217
TABLE 143 WABTEC CORPORATION: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 218
TABLE 144 WABTEC CORPORATION: DEALS 219
TABLE 145 WABTEC CORPORATION: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 219
TABLE 146 WABTEC CORPORATION: EXPANSIONS 220
14.1.5 THALES GROUP 222
TABLE 147 THALES GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 222
FIGURE 51 THALES GROUP: OVERVIEW 222
FIGURE 52 THALES GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 223
TABLE 148 THALES GROUP: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 223
TABLE 149 THALES GROUP: DEALS 224
TABLE 150 THALES GROUP: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 224
TABLE 151 THALES GROUP: EXPANSIONS 225
14.1.6 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 226
TABLE 152 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 226
FIGURE 53 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 227
TABLE 153 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 227
TABLE 154 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 228
14.1.7 CRCC 229
TABLE 155 CRCC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 229
FIGURE 54 CRCC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 230
TABLE 156 CRCC: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 230
TABLE 157 CRCC: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 231
TABLE 158 CRCC: DEALS 232
TABLE 159 CRCC: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 232
14.1.8 ABB 233
TABLE 160 ABB: COMPANY OVERVIEW 233
FIGURE 55 ABB: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 234
TABLE 161 ABB: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 234
TABLE 162 ABB: DEALS 235
TABLE 163 ABB: EXPANSIONS 235
14.1.9 CAF 236
TABLE 164 CAF: COMPANY OVERVIEW 236
FIGURE 56 CAF: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 237
TABLE 165 CAF: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 237
TABLE 166 CAF: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 238
14.1.10 NOKIA 239
TABLE 167 NOKIA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 239
FIGURE 57 NOKIA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 240
TABLE 168 NOKIA: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 240
TABLE 169 NOKIA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 241
TABLE 170 NOKIA: DEALS 241
14.2 OTHER KEY PLAYERS 242
14.2.1 BEIJING TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 242
TABLE 171 BEIJING TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 242
14.2.2 TECH MAHINDRA LTD. 243
TABLE 172 TECH MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 243
14.2.3 HOLLYSYS 244
TABLE 173 HOLLYSYS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 244
14.2.4 DEUTSCHE BAHN 245
TABLE 174 DEUTSCHE BAHN: COMPANY OVERVIEW 245
14.2.5 DEUTA 246
TABLE 175 DEUTA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 246
14.2.6 BELDEN 247
TABLE 176 BELDEN: COMPANY OVERVIEW 247
14.2.7 AMERICAN EQUIPMENT COMPANY 248
TABLE 177 AMERICAN EQUIPMENT COMPANY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 248
14.2.8 INGETEAM 249
TABLE 178 INGETEAM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 249
14.2.9 TRANSMASHHOLDING 250
TABLE 179 TRANSMASHHOLDING: COMPANY OVERVIEW 250
14.2.10 TVEMA 251
TABLE 180 TVEMA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 251
14.2.11 KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 251
TABLE 181 KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 251
14.2.12 CALAMP 252
TABLE 182 CALAMP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 252
*Details on Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, MnM View, Right to win, Strategic choices made, Weaknesses and competitive threats might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
15 APPENDIX 253
15.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 253
15.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 254
15.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 258
15.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 260
15.4.1 AUTONOMOUS TRAIN MARKET, ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS 260
15.4.2 PROFILES OF ADDITIONAL MARKET PLAYERS (UP TO 3) 260
15.5 RELATED REPORTS 260
15.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 261