出版：MarketsandMarkets（マーケッツアンドマーケッツ） 出版年月：2023年2月
アルミフォーム市場 : タイプ (連続気泡、独立気泡)、用途 (侵入防止バー、熱交換器、吸音材、フィルター)、最終用途産業 (自動車、建設、インフラ、産業)、地域別 – 2027年までの世界予測
Aluminum Foam Market by Type (Open-Cell, Closed-Cell), Application (Anti-Intrusion Bars, Heat Exchangers, Sound Absorbers, Filters), End-Use Industry (Automotive, Construction & Infrastructure, Industrial), and Region – Global Forecast to 2027
| ページ数 | 176 |
| 図表数 | 223 |
| 種別 | 英文調査報告書 |
| 価格 |
The aluminum foam market size is expected to grow from USD 40 million in 2021 to USD 55 million by 2027 growing at a CAGR of 4.8% between 2022 to 2027. Aluminum foam has applications in different end-use industries, such as automotive, construction & infrastructure, industrial, and others. Advantages like cost-effectiveness and low weight make aluminum foam popular in the automotive and construction & infrastructure industries. The superior features offered by aluminum foam like high porosity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance are enabling its usage in various end-use industries.
‘‘Anti-intrusion bars application accounted for the largest share, in terms of value, of the overall aluminum foam market.’’
Anti-intrusion bars lead the overall aluminum foam market in 2021. Aluminum foam have characteristics such as cost-effectiveness, less weight, durability, resistance to fire, good thermal behavior, and reduced maintenance expenditure. Anti-intrusion bars are used in the automotive industry to keep passengers safe at the time of collision. Aluminum foam acts as a good kinetic energy absorber and hence is a well liked material for anti-intrusion bars.
‘‘Open-cell aluminum foam type dominated the market of aluminum foam, in terms of value and volume.’’
Open-cell aluminum foam dominated the overall aluminum foam market in 2021 and is projected to dominate in the forecasted period. The use of open-cell aluminum foam offers numerous advantages such as sound absorption, fragmentation capture, heat sinks & exchangers, catalyst surface, and spacers. Open-cell aluminum foam can absorb sound and hence is a very good sound insulator, as it possesses air bubbles created during the manufacturing process. All these advantages make open-cell aluminum foam to be the most widely used type in the aluminum foam market.
“The aluminum foam market in the automotive end-use industry is expected to register the highest CAGR between 2022 to 2027.’’
The aluminum foam market in automotive end-use industry is to witness the fastest CAGR during the forecast period. As the automotive market is shifting toward electric cars, there is a huge demand for lightweight and strong materials in the automotive industry. With the growing demand for lightweight material, the demand for effective crash-resistant products is on the rise after considering the safety point for lightweight automotive vehicles. These factors are driving the aluminum foam market in the automotive industry around the globe.
“The aluminum foam market in Asia Pacific is the largest market and projected to register the highest CAGR, in terms of value and volume, between 2022 and 2027.”
Asia Pacific region dominated the global aluminum foam market where China being one of the prominent markets for aluminum foam due to the presence of world largest automotive industry. The region has the presence of many manufacturers of aluminum foam and its products. China accounted for the largest share of the market in Asia Pacific and is expected to register the highest growth during the forecast period. The growth of the aluminum foam market in this region is driven mainly by the growing automotive and building & infrastructure end-use industries.
Breakdown of Profiles of Primary Interviews:
• By Company Type- Tier 1- 60%, Tier 2- 20%, and Tier 3- 20%
• By Designation- C Level- 33%, Director Level- 33%, and Managers- 34%
• By Region- North America- 20%, Europe- 25%, Asia Pacific (APAC) – 25%, Latin America-10%, Middle East & Africa (MEA)-20%,
The report provides a comprehensive analysis of company profiles listed below:
• ERG Aerospace Corporation (US)
• CYMAT Technologies Ltd. (Canada)
• Alantum Corporation (South Korea)
• Liaoning Rontec Advanced Material Technology Co., Ltd. (China)
• Shanxi Putai Aluminum Foam Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (China)
• Mayser GmbH & Co. KG (Germany)
• Aluminum King Co., Ltd (China)
• Pohltec Metalfoam GmbH (Germany)
Research Coverage
This report covers the global aluminum foam market and forecasts the market size until 2027. It includes the following market segmentation – Type (Open-cell, closed-cell), Application (Anti-intrusion bars, sound absorbers, heat exchangers, filters), End-use Industry (Automotive, Construction & Infrastructure, Industrial, and Others) and Region (Europe, North America, APAC, Latin America, and MEA). Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, along with the drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges, have been discussed in the report. It also provides company profiles and competitive strategies adopted by the major players in the global aluminum foam market.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report
The report is expected to help market leaders/new entrants in this market in the following ways:
1. This report segments the global aluminum foam market comprehensively. It provides the closest approximations of the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across different verticals and regions.
2. The report helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the aluminum foam market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to better their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the competitor ecosystem, new product development, agreement, and acquisition.
目次
1 INTRODUCTION 21
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 21
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 21
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 22
1.3.1 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SEGMENTATION 22
1.3.2 REGIONAL SCOPE 22
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 23
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 23
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 24
1.6 LIMITATIONS 24
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS 24
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 25
FIGURE 1 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 25
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 26
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 26
2.1.2.1 Primary interviews – Top aluminum foam manufacturers 26
2.1.2.2 Breakdown of primary interviews 26
2.1.2.3 Key industry insights 27
2.2 BASE NUMBER CALCULATION 28
2.2.1 APPROACH 1: DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS 28
2.2.2 APPROACH 2: SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 28
2.3 FORECAST NUMBER CALCULATION 29
2.3.1 SUPPLY SIDE 29
2.3.2 DEMAND SIDE 29
2.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 29
2.4.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 30
FIGURE 2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 30
2.4.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 30
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 30
2.5 DATA TRIANGULATION 31
FIGURE 4 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 31
2.6 IMPACT OF SLOWDOWN/RECESSION 32
2.7 FACTOR ANALYSIS 32
2.8 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 33
2.9 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS AND RISKS 33
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34
FIGURE 5 OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM REMAINS DOMINATING SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD 34
FIGURE 6 AUTOMOTIVE TO BE FASTEST-GROWING END-USE INDUSTRY 35
FIGURE 7 ANTI-INTRUSION BARS APPLICATION TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 35
FIGURE 8 ASIA PACIFIC DOMINATED ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN 2021 36
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 37
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 37
FIGURE 9 HIGH DEMAND FROM AUTOMOTIVE END-USE INDUSTRY TO DRIVE MARKET 37
4.2 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE AND REGION 37
FIGURE 10 ASIA PACIFIC ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE 37
4.3 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 38
FIGURE 11 AUTOMOTIVE END-USE INDUSTRY TO LEAD OVERALL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 38
4.4 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION 38
FIGURE 12 SOUND ABSORBERS APPLICATION ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE OF ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 38
4.5 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY 39
FIGURE 13 CHINA TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 39
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 40
5.1 INTRODUCTION 40
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 40
FIGURE 14 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 40
5.2.1 DRIVERS 41
5.2.1.1 Superior properties of aluminum foams 41
5.2.1.2 Increasing usage of aluminum foams in applications such as heat exchangers and anti-intrusion bars 41
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 41
5.2.2.1 Difficulty in bonding, welding, and soldering aluminum foams 41
5.2.2.2 High cost of aluminum foam compared with substitutes 41
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 42
5.2.3.1 Increasing usage of aluminum foams in the automotive industry 42
5.2.3.2 Increasing demand for lightweight structural materials in construction industry 42
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 42
5.2.4.1 Development needed to control pore size and shape of end products 42
5.2.4.2 Developing cost-efficient manufacturing methods 42
5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 43
FIGURE 15 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 43
5.3.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 43
5.3.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 44
5.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 44
5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 44
5.3.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 44
TABLE 1 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 45
5.4 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 45
TABLE 2 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN 45
5.5 PRICING ANALYSIS 46
5.5.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES FOR END-USE INDUSTRIES, BY KEY PLAYERS 46
FIGURE 16 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES FOR TOP THREE END-USE INDUSTRIES (USD/KG), BY KEY PLAYERS 46
5.6 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE 47
TABLE 3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF ALUMINUM FOAM, BY REGION 47
5.7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 47
5.7.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 47
FIGURE 17 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END-USE INDUSTRIES 47
TABLE 4 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 48
5.7.2 BUYING CRITERIA 48
FIGURE 18 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END-USE INDUSTRIES 48
TABLE 5 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END-USE INDUSTRIES 48
5.8 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 49
5.9 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2022–2023 50
TABLE 6 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 50
5.10 GLOBAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPACT ON ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 51
5.10.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 51
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 51
TABLE 8 EUROPE: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 51
TABLE 9 ASIA PACIFIC: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 52
5.11 ECOSYSTEM/MARKET MAP 52
FIGURE 19 ECOSYSTEM: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 52
5.12 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 53
FIGURE 20 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: MAXIMUM VALUE ADDED DURING ALUMINUM FOAM RAW MATERIAL & MANUFACTURING PHASE 53
5.13 TRADE ANALYSIS: KEY MARKET FOR IMPORT/EXPORT 53
5.13.1 CHINA 53
5.13.2 US 54
5.13.3 GERMANY 54
5.13.4 INDIA 54
5.14 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 54
5.15 TRENDS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 55
5.16 PATENT ANALYSIS 55
5.16.1 METHODOLOGY 55
5.16.2 LIST OF PATENTS 56
TABLE 10 LIST OF PATENTS 56
6 METAL FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE 57
6.1 INTRODUCTION 58
TABLE 11 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 58
TABLE 12 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 58
FIGURE 21 OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM TO BE WIDELY USED TYPE 58
6.2 OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM 59
6.2.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR SOUND ABSORBERS TO DRIVE MARKET 59
FIGURE 22 ASIA PACIFIC TO DRIVE OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 59
TABLE 13 OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 59
TABLE 14 OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 60
6.3 CLOSED-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM 60
6.3.1 CLOSED-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM TO REGISTER HIGHEST GROWTH 60
TABLE 15 CLOSED-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 60
TABLE 16 CLOSED-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 61
7 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION 62
7.1 INTRODUCTION 63
FIGURE 23 ANTI-INTRUSION BARS SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 63
TABLE 17 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 63
TABLE 18 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 64
7.2 ANTI-INTRUSION BARS 64
7.2.1 ANTI-INTRUSION BAR APPLICATION TO LEAD DEMAND FOR ALUMINUM FOAM 64
FIGURE 24 ASIA PACIFIC TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR IN ANTI-INTRUSION BARS SEGMENT 64
TABLE 19 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN ANTI-INTRUSION BARS APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 65
TABLE 20 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN ANTI-INTRUSION BARS APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 65
7.3 HEAT EXCHANGERS 65
7.3.1 DEMAND FOR ALUMINUM FOAMS TO INCREASE DUE TO HIGH POROSITY 65
TABLE 21 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN HEAT EXCHANGERS APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 66
TABLE 22 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN HEAT EXCHANGERS APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 66
7.4 SOUND ABSORBERS 66
7.4.1 DEMAND FOR SOUND INSULATION TO INCREASE WITH INCREASING NOISE POLLUTION 66
TABLE 23 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN SOUND ABSORBER APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 67
TABLE 24 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN SOUND INSULATION APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 67
7.5 FILTERS 68
7.5.1 HIGH POROSITY TO CREATE DEMAND FOR ALUMINUM FOAMS 68
TABLE 25 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN FILTER APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 68
TABLE 26 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN FILTER APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 68
7.6 OTHERS 69
7.6.1 RAILWAY BUFFERS 69
7.6.2 MEDICAL IMPLANTS 69
TABLE 27 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 69
TABLE 28 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 69
8 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 70
8.1 INTRODUCTION 71
FIGURE 25 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY TO LEAD ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 71
TABLE 29 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 71
TABLE 30 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 72
8.2 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 72
8.2.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR ANTI-INTRUSION BARS TO DRIVE MARKET 72
FIGURE 26 ASIA PACIFIC TO DRIVE ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 73
TABLE 31 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 73
TABLE 32 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 73
8.3 CONSTRUCTION & INFRASTRUCTURE 74
8.3.1 EXCELLENT SOUND-ABSORBING CAPABILITY OF ALUMINUM FOAMS TO INCREASE DEMAND 74
TABLE 33 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN CONSTRUCTION & INFRASTRUCTURE END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 74
TABLE 34 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN CONSTRUCTION & INFRASTRUCTURE END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 75
8.4 INDUSTRIAL 75
8.4.1 EXTENSIVE USE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS TO BOOST DEMAND 75
TABLE 35 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN INDUSTRIAL END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 76
TABLE 36 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN INDUSTRIAL END-USE INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 76
8.5 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES 76
8.5.1 AEROSPACE 76
8.5.2 DEFENSE 77
8.5.3 MEDICAL 77
TABLE 37 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 77
TABLE 38 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SIZE IN OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 77
9 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION 78
9.1 INTRODUCTION 79
FIGURE 27 REGIONAL SNAPSHOT: CHINA TO REGISTER HIGHEST GROWTH RATE 79
TABLE 39 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 80
TABLE 40 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (TON) 80
9.2 ASIA PACIFIC 81
FIGURE 28 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SNAPSHOT 81
9.2.1 BY COUNTRY 82
TABLE 41 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 82
TABLE 42 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 82
9.2.2 BY TYPE 82
TABLE 43 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 82
TABLE 44 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 83
9.2.3 BY APPLICATION 83
TABLE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 83
TABLE 46 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 83
9.2.4 BY END-USE INDUSTRY 84
TABLE 47 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 84
TABLE 48 ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 84
9.2.5 CHINA 84
9.2.5.1 Automotive industry to drive market 84
9.2.5.1.1 By type 85
TABLE 49 CHINA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 85
TABLE 50 CHINA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 85
9.2.5.1.2 By end-use industry 85
TABLE 51 CHINA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 85
TABLE 52 CHINA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 86
9.2.6 SOUTH KOREA 86
9.2.6.1 High demand in construction industry to drive market 86
9.2.6.1.1 By type 86
TABLE 53 SOUTH KOREA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 86
TABLE 54 SOUTH KOREA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 86
9.2.6.1.2 By end-use industry 87
TABLE 55 SOUTH KOREA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 87
TABLE 56 SOUTH KOREA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 87
9.2.7 INDIA 87
9.2.7.1 Growing end-use industries to support market growth 87
9.2.7.1.1 By type 88
TABLE 57 INDIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 88
TABLE 58 INDIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 88
9.2.7.1.2 By end-use industry 88
TABLE 59 INDIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 88
TABLE 60 INDIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 88
9.2.8 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 89
9.2.8.1 By type 89
TABLE 61 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 89
TABLE 62 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 89
9.2.8.2 By end-use industry 90
TABLE 63 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 90
TABLE 64 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 90
9.3 NORTH AMERICA 91
FIGURE 29 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SNAPSHOT 91
9.3.1 BY COUNTRY 92
TABLE 65 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 92
TABLE 66 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 92
9.3.2 BY TYPE 92
TABLE 67 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 92
TABLE 68 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 93
9.3.3 BY APPLICATION 93
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 93
TABLE 70 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 93
9.3.4 BY END-USE INDUSTRY 94
TABLE 71 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 94
TABLE 72 NORTH AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 94
9.3.5 US 95
9.3.5.1 High demand from automotive manufacturers to drive market 95
9.3.5.1.1 By type 95
TABLE 73 US: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 95
TABLE 74 US: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 95
9.3.5.1.2 By end-use industry 95
TABLE 75 US: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 95
TABLE 76 US: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 96
9.3.6 CANADA 96
9.3.6.1 Automotive to be fastest-growing segment 96
9.3.6.1.1 By type 96
TABLE 77 CANADA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 96
TABLE 78 CANADA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 97
9.3.6.1.2 By end-use industry 97
TABLE 79 CANADA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 97
TABLE 80 CANADA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 97
9.4 EUROPE 98
FIGURE 30 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SNAPSHOT 98
9.4.1 BY COUNTRY 99
TABLE 81 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 99
TABLE 82 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 99
9.4.2 BY TYPE 99
TABLE 83 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 99
TABLE 84 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 100
9.4.3 BY APPLICATION 100
TABLE 85 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 100
TABLE 86 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 100
9.4.4 BY END-USE INDUSTRY 101
TABLE 87 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 101
TABLE 88 EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 101
9.4.5 GERMANY 102
9.4.5.1 Huge demand from automotive sector to drive market 102
9.4.5.1.1 By type 102
TABLE 89 GERMANY: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 102
TABLE 90 GERMANY: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 102
9.4.5.1.2 By end-use industry 103
TABLE 91 GERMANY: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 103
TABLE 92 GERMANY: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 103
9.4.6 FRANCE 103
9.4.6.1 Construction sector to lead market for aluminum foams 103
9.4.6.1.1 By type 104
TABLE 93 FRANCE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 104
TABLE 94 FRANCE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 104
9.4.6.1.2 By end-use industry 104
TABLE 95 FRANCE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 104
TABLE 96 FRANCE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 105
9.4.7 AUSTRIA 105
9.4.7.1 Automotive industry to create opportunities in market 105
9.4.7.1.1 By type 105
TABLE 97 AUSTRIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 105
TABLE 98 AUSTRIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 105
9.4.7.1.2 By end-use industry 106
TABLE 99 AUSTRIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 106
TABLE 100 AUSTRIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 106
9.4.8 NETHERLANDS 106
9.4.8.1 Demand for aluminum foams to increase at faster pace 106
9.4.8.1.1 By type 107
TABLE 101 NETHERLANDS: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 107
TABLE 102 NETHERLANDS: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 107
9.4.8.1.2 By end-use industry 107
TABLE 103 NETHERLANDS: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 107
TABLE 104 NETHERLANDS: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 108
9.4.9 REST OF EUROPE 108
9.4.9.1 By type 108
TABLE 105 REST OF EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 108
TABLE 106 REST OF EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 108
9.4.9.2 By end-use industry 109
TABLE 107 REST OF EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 109
TABLE 108 REST OF EUROPE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 109
9.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 109
FIGURE 31 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SNAPSHOT 110
9.5.1 BY COUNTRY 110
TABLE 109 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 110
TABLE 110 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 110
9.5.2 BY TYPE 111
TABLE 111 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 111
TABLE 112 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 111
9.5.3 BY APPLICATION 111
TABLE 113 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 111
TABLE 114 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 112
9.5.4 BY END-USE INDUSTRY 112
TABLE 115 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 112
TABLE 116 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 112
9.5.5 UAE 113
9.5.5.1 Open-cell aluminum foam to lead market due to demand from construction sector 113
9.5.5.1.1 By type 113
TABLE 117 UAE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 113
TABLE 118 UAE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 113
9.5.5.1.2 By end-use industry 114
TABLE 119 UAE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 114
TABLE 120 UAE: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 114
9.5.6 SAUDI ARABIA 114
9.5.6.1 Automotive to be fastest-growing end-use industry 114
9.5.6.1.1 By type 114
TABLE 121 SAUDI ARABIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 114
TABLE 122 SAUDI ARABIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 115
9.5.6.1.2 By end-use industry 115
TABLE 123 SAUDI ARABIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 115
TABLE 124 SAUDI ARABIA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 115
9.5.7 QATAR 116
9.5.7.1 Qatar to be rapidly growing economy in Middle East & Africa 116
9.5.7.1.1 By type 116
TABLE 125 QATAR: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 116
TABLE 126 QATAR: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 116
9.5.7.1.2 By end-use industry 116
TABLE 127 QATAR: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 116
TABLE 128 QATAR: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 117
9.5.8 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 117
9.5.8.1 By type 117
TABLE 129 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 117
TABLE 130 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 118
9.5.8.2 By end-use industry 118
TABLE 131 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 118
TABLE 132 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 118
9.6 LATIN AMERICA 119
FIGURE 32 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET SNAPSHOT 119
9.6.1 BY COUNTRY 119
TABLE 133 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 119
TABLE 134 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 120
9.6.2 BY TYPE 120
TABLE 135 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 120
TABLE 136 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 120
9.6.3 BY APPLICATION 121
TABLE 137 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 121
TABLE 138 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (TON) 121
9.6.4 BY END-USE INDUSTRY 122
TABLE 139 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 122
TABLE 140 LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 122
9.6.5 BRAZIL 122
9.6.5.1 Brazil to be the largest market for aluminum foam in Latin America 122
9.6.5.1.1 By type 123
TABLE 141 BRAZIL: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 123
TABLE 142 BRAZIL: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 123
9.6.5.1.2 By end-use industry 123
TABLE 143 BRAZIL: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 123
TABLE 144 BRAZIL: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 123
9.6.6 MEXICO 124
9.6.6.1 Rapidly growing end-use industries to drive market 124
9.6.6.1.1 By type 124
TABLE 145 MEXICO: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 124
TABLE 146 MEXICO: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 124
9.6.6.1.2 By end-use industry 125
TABLE 147 MEXICO: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 125
TABLE 148 MEXICO: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 125
9.6.7 REST OF LATIN AMERICA 125
9.6.7.1 By type 125
TABLE 149 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 125
TABLE 150 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (TON) 126
9.6.7.2 By end-use industry 126
TABLE 151 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (USD THOUSAND) 126
TABLE 152 REST OF LATIN AMERICA: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2020–2027 (TON) 126
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 127
10.1 INTRODUCTION 127
10.2 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 127
FIGURE 33 MARKET SHARE OF TOP COMPANIES IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 127
TABLE 153 DEGREE OF COMPETITION: ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 128
10.3 MARKET RANKING 128
FIGURE 34 RANKING OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 128
10.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET IN 2021 129
10.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX 129
TABLE 154 COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 129
TABLE 155 COMPANY TYPE FOOTPRINT 130
TABLE 156 COMPANY END-USE INDUSTRY FOOTPRINT 131
TABLE 157 COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT 131
10.5.1 STRENGTH OF PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 132
FIGURE 35 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF TOP PLAYERS IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 132
10.5.2 BUSINESS STRATEGY EXCELLENCE 133
FIGURE 36 BUSINESS STRATEGY EXCELLENCE OF TOP PLAYERS IN ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET 133
10.6 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT (TIER 1) 133
10.6.1 STARS 133
10.6.2 PERVASIVE COMPANIES 133
10.6.3 PARTICIPANTS 134
10.6.4 EMERGING LEADERS 134
FIGURE 37 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING, 2021 134
10.7 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 135
TABLE 158 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 135
TABLE 159 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 136
10.8 STARTUP/SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SME) EVALUATION MATRIX 136
10.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 136
10.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 137
10.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 137
10.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS 137
FIGURE 38 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES MAPPING, 2021 137
10.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS 138
TABLE 160 ALUMINUM FOAM MARKET: DEALS, 2017–2022 138
TABLE 161 ALUMINUM FOAM MATERIAL: OTHERS, 2017–2022 138
11 COMPANY PROFILE 139
(Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View)*
11.1 KEY PLAYERS 139
11.1.1 ERG AEROSPACE CORPORATION 139
TABLE 162 ERG AEROSPACE CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 139
11.1.2 CYMAT TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 141
TABLE 163 CYMAT TECHNOLOGIES LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 141
FIGURE 39 CYMAT TECHNOLOGIES LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 141
11.1.3 ALANTUM CORPORATION 144
TABLE 164 ALANTUM CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 144
11.1.4 LIAONING RONTEC ADVANCED MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 146
TABLE 165 LIAONING RONTEC ADVANCED MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY MATERIAL CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 146
11.1.5 AMERICAN ELEMENTS 148
TABLE 166 AMERICAN ELEMENTS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 148
11.1.6 MAYSER GMBH & CO. KG 150
TABLE 167 MAYSER GMBH & CO. KG: COMPANY OVERVIEW 150
11.1.7 ALUMINUM KING CO., LTD. 152
TABLE 168 ALUMINUM KING CO. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 152
11.1.8 POHLTEC METALFOAM GMBH 154
TABLE 169 POHLTEC METALFOAM GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 154
11.1.9 SHANGHAI WINFAY NEW MATERIAL CO., LTD. 155
TABLE 170 SHANGHAI WINFAY NEW MATERIAL CO. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 155
11.1.10 SHANXI PUTAI ALUMINUM FOAM MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 157
TABLE 171 SHANXI PUTAI ALUMINUM FOAM MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 157
11.1.11 VIM TECHNOLOGY LTD 159
TABLE 172 VIM TECHNOLOGY LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 159
11.1.12 CHINA BEIHAI BUILDING MATERIAL GROUP 162
TABLE 173 CHINA BEIHAI BUILDING MATERIAL GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 162
*Details on Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
11.2 OTHER PLAYERS 164
11.2.1 HAVEL METAL FOAM 164
TABLE 174 HAVEL METAL FOAM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 164
11.2.2 ALUINVENT 164
TABLE 175 ALUINVENT: COMPANY OVERVIEW 164
11.2.3 FOAMTECH NORTH AMERICA 165
TABLE 176 FOAMTECH NORTH AMERICA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 165
11.2.4 EXXENTIS LTD 165
TABLE 177 EXXENTIS LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW 165
11.2.5 RECEMAT BV 166
TABLE 178 RECEMAT BV: COMPANY OVERVIEW 166
11.2.6 VERSARIEN TECHNOLOGIES 166
TABLE 179 VERSARIEN TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 166
11.2.7 NANOSHEL LLC 167
TABLE 180 NANOSHEL LLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 167
11.2.8 ECOCONTACT (AMC ETEC) 167
TABLE 181 ECOCONTACT (AMC ETEC): COMPANY OVERVIEW 167
11.2.9 FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWE 168
TABLE 182 FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU: COMPANY OVERVIEW 168
11.2.10 ALCARBON 168
TABLE 183 ALCARBON: COMPANY OVERVIEW 168
11.2.11 COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LTD. (ALUPOR LLC) 169
TABLE 184 COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LTD. (ALUPOR LLC): COMPANY OVERVIEW 169
12 APPENDIX 170
12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 170
12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 172
12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 174
12.4 RELATED REPORTS 174
12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 175