出版：MarketsandMarkets（マーケッツアンドマーケッツ） 出版年月：2023年2月
治療薬物モニタリング市場 : 製品 (消耗品、機器 – イムノアッセイ アナライザー、クロマトグラフィー & MS 検出器、臨床化学アナライザー)、技術、医薬品分類、エンド ユーザー、地域別 – 2027年までの世界予測
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Market by Product (Consumables, Equipment-Immunoassay Analyzers, Chromatography & MS Detectors, Clinical Chemistry Analyzers), Technology, Class of drugs, End user and Region – Global Forecast to 2027
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| 種別 | 英文調査報告書 |
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The global therapeutic drug monitoring market is projected to reach USD 2.9 billion by 2027 from USD 1.8 billion in 2022, at a CAGR of 9.6% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is majorly driven by a high awaiting number of organ transplant procedures and the expanding inclination for precision medicine. However, a lack of infrastructure and low awareness in middle/low-income countries may challenge the growth of this market.
“Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the technology segment to witness the highest growth during the forecast period.”
Based on the technology, the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Market is segmented into Immunoassays – Chemiluminescence Immunoassays, Chemiluminescence Immunoassays, Colorimetric Immunoassays, Fluorescence Immunoassays, Radioimmunoassay, Other Immunoassays, Chromatography-MS – LC-MS, GC-MS, The LC-MS is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The significant factors contributing to the growth of this market are affordability, reliability, and its availability in automated platform, as well as wide benefits of advanced HPLC usage in TDM drugs.
“Asia Pacific is estimated to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period.”
In this report, the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring market is segmented into four major regional segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). The market in Asia Pacific is projected to register the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The growth in this market is primarily driven by the upsurging population (especially in Japan and China), availaibility of comprehensive government healthcare coverage in Japan (for transplantation & related diagnostic procedures), government efforts to increase awareness about primitive disease detection and health check-ups, rising government expenditure in China and India to remodel and expand healthcare infrastructure, and the growing prevalence of severe diseases
Breakdown of supply-side primary interviews, by company type, designation, and region:
• By Company Type: Tier 1 (32%) , Tier 2 (44%), and Tier 3 (24%)
• By Designation: C-level (30%), Director-level (34%), and Others (36%)
• By Region: North America (40%), Europe (28%), AsiaPacific (20%), and Rest of the World(12%)
List of Companies Profiled in the Report
• Abbott (US)
• Thermo Fisher Scientific (US)
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (Switzerland)
• Siemens Healthineers AG (Germany)
• Danaher Corporation (US)
• Bio-Rad Laboratories (US)
• bioMérieux SA (France)
• Theradiag SA (France)
• Grifols S.A. (Spain)
• Exagen Inc. (US)
• R-Biopharm AG (Germany)
• ARK DIAGNOSTICS, Inc. (US)
• Cambridge Life Sciences Limited (UK)
• BÜHLMANN Laboratories (Switzerland)
• IMMUNDIAGNOSTIK AG (Germany)
• BioTeZ Berlin-Buch GmbH (Germany)
• UTAK (US)
• DiaSystem Scandinavia AB (Sweden)
• Jasem Laboratory Systems and Solutions (Turkey)
• Aalto Scientific, Ltd. (US)
• apDia Group (Belgium)
• SJK Global, LLC. (US)
• Epitope Diagnostics, Inc. (US)
• Sekisui Medical Co. Ltd. (Japan)
• Eagle Biosciences, Inc. (US)
• Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH (Germany)
Research Coverage:
This report studies the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring market based on product and region. The report also analyzes factors (such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges) affecting the market growth. It evaluates the opportunities and challenges in the market for stakeholders and provides details of the competitive landscape for market leaders. The report also studies micromarkets with respect to their growth trends, prospects, and contributions to the total Therapeutic Drug Monitoring market. The report forecasts the revenue of the market segments with respect to five major regions.
Reasons to Buy the Report:
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring products offered by the top 26 players in the therapeutic drug monitoring market. The report analyzes the therapeutic drug monitoring market by product, and region.
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets. The report analyzes the markets for various securement devices across key geographic regions.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares and strategies of the leading players in the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring market
目次
1 INTRODUCTION 28
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 28
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 28
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 28
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 29
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 29
1.3.2 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 29
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 30
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 30
1.5 LIMITATIONS 30
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 31
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 31
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 32
FIGURE 1 RESEARCH DESIGN 32
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 33
2.1.1.1 Secondary sources 34
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 35
FIGURE 2 PRIMARY SOURCES 35
TABLE 1 KEY DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCES 36
FIGURE 3 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 37
FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: SUPPLY-SIDE AND DEMAND-SIDE PARTICIPANTS 37
FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION 38
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 38
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 38
FIGURE 6 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH: COMPANY REVENUE ESTIMATION APPROACH 39
FIGURE 7 APPROACH 3: MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION FROM PARENT MARKET 40
2.2.1.1 Growth forecast 40
FIGURE 8 CAGR PROJECTIONS: SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 40
FIGURE 9 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 41
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 42
FIGURE 10 DATA TRIANGULATION METHODOLOGY 42
2.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 43
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS 43
2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT 43
2.7 IMPACT OF RECESSION 44
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 45
FIGURE 11 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022 VS. 2027 (USD MILLION) 45
FIGURE 12 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2022 VS. 2027 (USD MILLION) 46
FIGURE 13 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2022 VS. 2027 (USD MILLION) 46
FIGURE 14 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2022 VS. 2027 (USD MILLION) 47
FIGURE 15 GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET 48
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 49
4.1 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET OVERVIEW 49
FIGURE 16 RISING PREFERENCE FOR PRECISION MEDICINE TO DRIVE TDM MARKET 49
4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY COUNTRY AND DRUG CLASS 50
FIGURE 17 ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE IN 2021 50
4.3 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES 51
FIGURE 18 CHINA TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR 51
4.4 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION (2022–2027) 52
FIGURE 19 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET TO WITNESS HIGHEST GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD 52
4.5 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET: DEVELOPED VS. EMERGING ECONOMIES 52
FIGURE 20 EMERGING ECONOMIES TO REGISTER HIGHER GROWTH DURING FORECAST PERIOD 52
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 53
5.1 INTRODUCTION 53
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 53
FIGURE 21 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES 53
5.2.1 DRIVERS 54
5.2.1.1 Importance of TDM in organ transplant procedures 54
FIGURE 22 UK: NUMBER OF DECEASED DONORS AND TRANSPLANTS (APRIL 1, 2017–MARCH 31, 2021) 54
5.2.1.2 Use of TDM across various therapeutic fields 55
TABLE 2 CLASSES OF DRUGS THAT REQUIRE MONITORING 55
5.2.1.3 Increasing preference for precision medicine 56
FIGURE 23 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE APPROVALS BY US FDA, 2015–2021 56
5.2.1.4 Growing focus on R&D related to TDM 57
FIGURE 24 NUMBER OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS ON TDM (2015–2021) 57
5.2.1.5 Increasing incidence of chronic and infectious diseases and growing awareness about early disease diagnosis 58
FIGURE 25 INCIDENCE OF DIABETES, BY REGION, 2019 VS. 2030 VS. 2045 (MILLION) 58
TABLE 3 GLOBAL INCIDENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 59
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 59
5.2.2.1 High capital investments 59
5.2.2.2 Reluctance of small hospitals to offer TDM services 59
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 60
5.2.3.1 Increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases 60
5.2.3.2 Significant opportunities in BRICS countries 61
FIGURE 26 GROWTH IN CURRENT HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA IN BRICS COUNTRIES, 2012–2019 61
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 62
5.2.4.1 Alternatives to conventional TDM 62
5.2.4.2 Operational barriers faced in conducting TDM tests 62
5.2.4.3 Lack of infrastructure and low awareness in low/middle-income countries 62
5.3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 63
5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 64
FIGURE 27 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: MAJOR VALUE ADDED DURING MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY PHASE 64
5.5 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
FIGURE 28 DIRECT DISTRIBUTION—PREFERRED STRATEGY FOR PROMINENT COMPANIES 65
5.6 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 66
5.6.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 66
5.6.2 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 66
5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 66
5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 66
5.6.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 66
5.7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 67
5.7.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 67
FIGURE 29 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END USERS 67
TABLE 4 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END USERS (%) 67
5.7.2 BUYING CRITERIA 67
FIGURE 30 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END USERS 67
TABLE 5 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END USERS 68
5.8 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 68
TABLE 6 REGULATORY AUTHORITIES GOVERNING TDM MARKET 68
5.9 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS IN 2022 AND 2023 70
TABLE 7 LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2022–2023 70
5.10 PATENT ANALYSIS 71
FIGURE 31 PATENT ANALYSIS FOR IMMUNOASSAY ANALYZERS 71
FIGURE 32 PATENT ANALYSIS FOR CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS 72
5.11 PRICING ANALYSIS 72
TABLE 8 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF PRODUCTS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS (2022) 72
TABLE 9 PRICE RANGE FOR THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING PRODUCTS 73
5.12 TRADE ANALYSIS 73
TABLE 10 IMPORT DATA FOR INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES USED IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2021 (USD MILLION) 73
TABLE 11 EXPORT DATA FOR INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES USED IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2021 (USD MILLION) 74
5.13 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 74
TABLE 12 ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM 75
FIGURE 33 KEY MARKET PLAYERS 75
5.14 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESSES 76
FIGURE 34 REVENUE SHIFT FOR THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING 76
6 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT 77
6.1 INTRODUCTION 78
TABLE 13 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 78
6.2 CONSUMABLES 78
6.2.1 REPEAT PURCHASES AND HIGH USAGE OF CONSUMABLES TO DRIVE MARKET 78
TABLE 14 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 79
6.3 EQUIPMENT 79
TABLE 15 DRUGS MONITORED USING ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT 79
TABLE 16 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 80
TABLE 17 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 80
6.3.1 IMMUNOASSAY ANALYZERS 80
6.3.1.1 High efficiency of immunoassay analyzers to ensure end-user demand 80
TABLE 18 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR IMMUNOASSAY ANALYZERS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 81
6.3.2 CHROMATOGRAPHY & MS DETECTORS 81
6.3.2.1 Technological advancements to propel growth 81
TABLE 19 CHROMATOGRAPHY & MS DETECTORS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, BY COMPANY (2020 TO 2021) 82
TABLE 20 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY & MS DETECTORS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 82
6.3.3 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS 82
6.3.3.1 Automation to raise preference for clinical chemistry analyzers 82
TABLE 21 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 83
7 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 84
7.1 INTRODUCTION 85
TABLE 22 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 85
7.2 IMMUNOASSAYS 85
TABLE 23 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 86
TABLE 24 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 86
7.2.1 CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS 86
7.2.1.1 Rapid detection time and good specificity to support growth 86
TABLE 25 CLIA SYSTEMS OFFERED, BY COMPANY 87
TABLE 26 LIST OF COMPOUNDS ANALYZED BY CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS 87
TABLE 27 CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 88
7.2.2 FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS 88
7.2.2.1 High operability and better sensitivity of FIAs to drive market growth 88
TABLE 28 LIST OF COMPOUNDS ANALYZED BY FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAYS 89
TABLE 29 FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 89
7.2.3 COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOASSAYS 90
7.2.3.1 Demand for colorimetric immunoassays to decline due to rising preference for advanced equipment 90
TABLE 30 COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 90
7.2.4 RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS 90
7.2.4.1 High sensitivity in drug detection applications to support market growth 90
TABLE 31 LIST OF COMPOUNDS ANALYZED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS 91
TABLE 32 RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 92
7.2.5 OTHER IMMUNOASSAYS 92
TABLE 33 OTHER IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 92
7.3 CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS 92
TABLE 34 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 93
7.3.1 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY 93
7.3.1.1 High accuracy to drive demand for LC-MS 93
TABLE 35 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 94
7.3.2 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY 94
7.3.2.1 Drawbacks of GC-MS to challenge market growth 94
TABLE 36 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 94
8 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS 95
8.1 INTRODUCTION 96
TABLE 37 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 96
8.2 ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS 96
8.2.1 HIGH COMPLEXITY AND HETEROGENEITY OF EPILEPSY TO DRIVE GROWTH 96
TABLE 38 TDM: LIMITATIONS FACED IN NEW ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS 97
TABLE 39 ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 97
8.3 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS 97
8.3.1 INCREASING INCIDENCE OF HEART DISORDERS TO BOOST DEMAND 97
TABLE 40 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
8.4 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS 98
8.4.1 RISING IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DEMAND DRIVEN BY INCREASE IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURES 98
FIGURE 35 PATIENTS ON WAITING LIST VS. TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED, BY ORGAN, 2021 99
TABLE 41 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 99
8.5 ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS 99
8.5.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS TO PROPEL DEMAND FOR ANTIBIOTIC DRUG MONITORING 99
TABLE 42 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETERMINING ANTIMICROBIALS LEVELS IN BIOFLUIDS 100
TABLE 43 ANTIBIOTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 100
8.6 BRONCHODILATOR DRUGS 101
8.6.1 RISING PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES TO ENSURE DEMAND FOR BRONCHODILATOR DRUG MONITORING 101
TABLE 44 BRONCHODILATOR DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 101
8.7 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS 101
8.7.1 SURGING CASES OF MENTAL ILLNESS TO AUGMENT MARKET GROWTH 101
TABLE 45 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 102
8.8 OTHER DRUGS 102
TABLE 46 OTHER DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
9 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER 104
9.1 INTRODUCTION 105
TABLE 47 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 105
9.2 HOSPITAL LABORATORIES 105
9.2.1 HOSPITAL LABS TO DOMINATE END-USER MARKET 105
TABLE 48 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR HOSPITAL LABORATORIES, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 106
9.3 COMMERCIAL & PRIVATE LABORATORIES 106
9.3.1 EXTENSIVE TEST MENUS OF COMMERCIAL & PRIVATE LABS TO SUSTAIN DEMAND FOR SERVICES 106
TABLE 49 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR COMMERCIAL & PRIVATE LABORATORIES, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 107
9.4 OTHER END USERS 107
TABLE 50 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR OTHER END USERS, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 107
10 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION 108
10.1 INTRODUCTION 109
TABLE 51 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 109
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 110
10.2.1 NORTH AMERICA: RECESSION IMPACT 110
FIGURE 36 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET SNAPSHOT 111
TABLE 52 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 53 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 54 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 55 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 56 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 57 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 58 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 59 NORTH AMERICA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 114
10.2.2 US 114
10.2.2.1 Awareness regarding precision medicine to propel market 114
TABLE 60 NUMBER OF TESTS COVERED BY MEDICARE FOR EACH DRUG CLASS 115
TABLE 61 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 115
TABLE 62 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 63 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 64 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 65 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 66 US: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
10.2.3 CANADA 117
10.2.3.1 Availability of funding for research to offer growth opportunities 117
TABLE 67 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 68 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 69 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 70 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 71 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 72 CANADA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
10.3 EUROPE 120
10.3.1 EUROPE: RECESSION IMPACT 120
TABLE 73 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 74 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 75 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 76 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 77 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 78 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 79 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 80 EUROPE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 123
10.3.2 GERMANY 123
10.3.2.1 Prevalence of chronic medical conditions such as cancer and diabetes to support market growth 123
TABLE 81 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 82 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 83 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 84 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 85 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 86 GERMANY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 126
10.3.3 ITALY 126
10.3.3.1 Rising incidence of cancer to drive demand for TDM 126
TABLE 87 ITALY: CANCER INCIDENCE, BY TYPE, 2020 VS. 2025 126
TABLE 88 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 89 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 90 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 91 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 92 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 93 ITALY: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
10.3.4 FRANCE 129
10.3.4.1 Rising awareness of benefits of TDM to accelerate demand 129
TABLE 94 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 95 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 96 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 97 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 98 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 99 FRANCE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 131
10.3.5 SPAIN 131
10.3.5.1 Adoption of technologically advanced immunoassays to boost market 131
TABLE 100 SPAIN: CANCER INCIDENCE, BY TYPE, 2020 VS. 2025 131
TABLE 101 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 102 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 103 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 104 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 105 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 106 SPAIN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
10.3.6 UK 134
10.3.6.1 Increasing cases of chronic diseases to support market 134
TABLE 107 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 108 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 109 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 110 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 111 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 112 UK: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
10.3.7 REST OF EUROPE 136
TABLE 113 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 114 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 115 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 116 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 117 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 118 ROE: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 138
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC 139
10.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC: RECESSION IMPACT 139
FIGURE 37 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET SNAPSHOT 140
TABLE 119 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 120 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 121 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 122 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 123 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 124 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY- MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 125 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 126 ASIA PACIFIC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 143
10.4.2 JAPAN 143
10.4.2.1 Japan to dominate APAC market 143
TABLE 127 JAPAN: CANCER INCIDENCE, BY TYPE, 2020 VS. 2025 144
TABLE 128 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 129 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 130 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 131 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 132 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 133 JAPAN: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
10.4.3 CHINA 146
10.4.3.1 Rising number of organ transplants to boost market 146
TABLE 134 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 135 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 136 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 137 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 138 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 139 CHINA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
10.4.4 INDIA 149
10.4.4.1 Rising incidence of cancer to propel market 149
TABLE 140 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 141 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 142 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 143 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 144 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 145 INDIA: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 151
10.4.5 ROAPAC 151
TABLE 146 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 147 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 148 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 149 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 150 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 151 ROAPAC: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 154
10.5 REST OF THE WORLD 154
10.5.1 ROW: RECESSION IMPACT 155
TABLE 152 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 153 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 154 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 155 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IMMUNOASSAYS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 156 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS, BY TYPE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 157 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY DRUG CLASS, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 158 ROW: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, BY END USER, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 157
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 158
11.1 OVERVIEW 158
11.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS 158
TABLE 159 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS 158
11.3 REVENUE SHARE ANALYSIS 159
FIGURE 38 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS 159
11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 160
TABLE 160 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 160
11.5 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT 161
11.5.1 STARS 161
11.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 161
11.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 161
11.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 161
FIGURE 39 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, 2021 162
11.6 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR SMES/START-UPS 163
11.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 163
11.6.2 STARTING BLOCKS 163
11.6.3 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 163
11.6.4 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 163
FIGURE 40 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX FOR SMES/START-UPS: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET, 2021 164
11.7 COMPANY FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS 165
TABLE 161 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 165
TABLE 162 COMPANY REGIONAL FOOTPRINT 166
TABLE 163 COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 167
11.8 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY START-UPS/SMES 168
11.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 168
11.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES & APPROVALS 168
TABLE 164 KEY PRODUCT LAUNCHES & APPROVALS 168
11.9.2 DEALS 169
TABLE 165 KEY DEALS 169
11.9.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 169
TABLE 166 KEY OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 169
12 COMPANY PROFILES 170
12.1 KEY PLAYERS 170
(Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats))*
12.1.1 ABBOTT 170
TABLE 167 ABBOTT: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 170
FIGURE 41 ABBOTT: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 171
12.1.2 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC 173
TABLE 168 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 173
FIGURE 42 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 174
12.1.3 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE 176
TABLE 169 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 176
FIGURE 43 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 177
12.1.4 SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS AG 180
TABLE 170 SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS AG: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 180
FIGURE 44 SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2022) 181
12.1.5 DANAHER CORPORATION 184
TABLE 171 DANAHER CORPORATION: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 184
FIGURE 45 DANAHER CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 185
12.1.6 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 187
TABLE 172 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 187
FIGURE 46 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 188
12.1.7 BIOMÉRIEUX SA 191
TABLE 173 BIOMÉRIEUX SA: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 191
FIGURE 47 BIOMÉRIEUX: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 192
12.1.8 THERADIAG 194
TABLE 174 THERADIAG: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 194
FIGURE 48 THERADIAG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 194
12.1.9 GRIFOLS S.A. 197
TABLE 175 GRIFOLS S.A.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 197
FIGURE 49 GRIFOLS S.A.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 198
12.1.10 EXAGEN INC. 200
TABLE 176 EXAGEN INC.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 200
FIGURE 50 EXAGEN INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT (2021) 200
12.1.11 ARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC. 202
TABLE 177 ARK DIAGNOSTICS, INC.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 202
12.1.12 R-BIOPHARM AG 203
TABLE 178 R-BIOPHARM AG: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 203
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS 205
12.2.1 APDIA GROUP 205
12.2.2 BIOTEZ BERLIN BUCH GMBH 205
12.2.3 EAGLE BIOSCIENCES, INC. 206
12.2.4 JASEM LABORATORY SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS 208
12.2.5 AALTO SCIENTIFIC, LTD. 208
12.2.6 IMMUNDIAGNOSTIK AG 209
12.2.7 UTAK 210
12.2.8 SEKISUI MEDICAL CO., LTD. 210
12.2.9 DIASYSTEM SCANDINAVIA AB 211
12.2.10 CAMBRIDGE LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED 211
12.2.11 CHROMSYSTEMS INSTRUMENTS & CHEMICALS GMBH 212
12.2.12 BÜHLMANN LABORATORIES AG 212
12.2.13 SJK GLOBAL, LLC. 213
12.2.14 EPITOPE DIAGNOSTICS, INC. 213
*Details on Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats) might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
13 APPENDIX 214
13.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 214
13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 215
13.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 218
13.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 220
13.5 RELATED REPORTS 220
13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 221